Revue d'epidemiologie, medecine sociale et sante publique最新文献

A prospective survey of more than 9,000 pregnant women showed that those who consumed more than 0.4 l of wine or equivalent in other alcoholic beverages per day during pregnancy had a higher risk of unfavourable outcome. The risk of stillbirth was higher, particularly that due to abruptio placentae. The average birthweight was lower and the risk of giving birth to a small-for-date infant was higher. Furthermore the men placental weight was lower. Women with moderate or high alcohol consumption also differed from those with low alcohol consumption in some classical risk factors for the outcome of pregnancy, but the increased risk with consumption of alcohol remained significant when these other factors were taken into account. The increased risk among women with moderate or high alcohol consumption appeared to be limited to beer drinkers, although the mean quantity of alcohol consumed by beer drinkers was smaller than that consumed by wine drinkers.

Among men 50-57 years old surveyed in 1969 and again in 1974 on their food intake, both questionaires of 37 who stated in 1974 that they had changed their eating habits in the preceding 5 years were selected for analysis. The mean reported caloric intake had dropped very significantly, but about 500 calories. When these persons were questioned in 1974 on their 1969 food consumption, the results compared to the 1969 questionary were identical for almost all food catergories and for total calories. Thus, a food consumption survey retrospective over a 5 years span appears no less reliable than a survey on present eating habits.

As it is impossible to use alveolar CO as an useful index of the exposure to ambiant CO in smokers, young children between 8 and 11 were used in this study, who had no contact with smoking. In a sample of 306 schoolchildren living in rural or urban areas, it was shown: a) that the technique which is usually employed in adults to get a sample of alvelolar air was applicable to young children, b) that alveolar CO concentrations did reflect very closely in these children ambiant CO concentrations, c) that smoking habits of parents have to be taken into account before assessing the relationship between alveolar CO concentrations and exposure.

A survey of 537 subjects, under 20 years old and hospitalized after attempted suicide, showed that 30% had attempted suicide at least once before. There were statistically significant differences between repeaters and non-repeaters in psychopathological characteristics (psychiatric diagnosis and previous school behavior problems), socio-demographic characteristics (family size, alcoholism in the family) and in family relationships. Verification and development of these findings would lead to the construction of a scale of risk of repeating attempted suicide.

Since 1967, the U.I.C.C. Information Office has been collecting and reviewing, from a methodological point of view, data on controlled therapeutic trials in cancer in progress all over the world. The aim is to transmit the information to researchers who are interested, to encourage co-operation, to study methodological problems to study the distribution of trials by countries, sites, etc..., and lastly to determine the part of controlled therapeutic trials in progress in cancer therapy. At present, such services in on-going research have a tendancy to develop in other fields of scientific research.

A survey was carried out in 1972 and 1973 on the microbial composition of town, hospital and slaughterhouse waste waters. The investigation concerned concentration of heterotrophic bacteria, germ tests, of faecal contamination, and of the following pathogenic bacteria: Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus.

The bacteriological examination of 100 butchers' blocks has led to the identification of eight strains (two from the same sample) of Salmonella belonging to the following serotypes: S. wien, S. coeln (horsemeat), S. newport (poultry), S. infantis, S. derby, S. panama, S. bredeney, S. sofia. The relative importance of these serotypes in the region of Toulon is considered and compared to the frequency of human serotypes, the most important of which is S. typhi murium. The methods used for isolation seem to have little influence on these apparently-conflicting results.

The main purpose of the controled assay on a combination of B.C.G. and measles vaccine was to ascertain whether these two vaccines could be administered on young children in simultaneous injections, in two different parts of the body and on the same day, and whether in that case they led to rates of haemagglutination inhibitory antibodies against measles on the one hand, and induration diameters of Mantoux's intradermoreactions against B.C.G. on the other, not inferior to rates and diameters obtained when using the same vaccines separately. This survey, carried out in Cameroon, involved one thousand individuals. It confirms the suggestion that the two vaccinations may be carried out simultaneously when circumstances require an early and total protection of a child population with minimum sanitary stress.

Salmonella were identified eleven times in 2128 samples of treated and untreated drinking water, by straightforward identification of lactose-negative bacteria on filtrating membranes normally used for colimetry. Counting of faecal E. coli, Coliforms and Streptococci revealed that nine of these water samples were nonetheless up to bacterial standards for drinking water.