Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.10
Burhan Sabir Mohammed, Salah Noori Mohammed, Talib Ghaidan Mnnat Ali
The aim of the study was determination of the relationship between pregnancy age and placentome measurement by using an ultrasound technique. This study was conducted in some private farms in Sulaimani province. A total of seventy-two Maraz does were checked by using transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonic transducers for pregnancy status, 47.2% (34/72) of these goats were pregnant. Twenty-seven non-pregnant does were synchronized for estrus by using vaginal sponges for 11 days followed by injection of 500 IU of PMSG hormones after withdrawing the sponges and naturally served to obtain pregnancy. 63% (17/27) of the synchronized goats became pregnant, all synchronized goats were scanned every seven to ten days beginning from day 35 to 140 of gestation transabdominally (TA) with sector-probe (4-5MHz) and transrectally (TR) with linear-probe (7.5-9 MHz). The placentomes width and height increased significantly (P≤0.05) with the progress of the gestation period, and the first observation of placentomes were in 32 and 42 days by depended (TR) and (TA) respectively. The width and height were 10.2 mm and 9.8 mm respectively during 40-50 days of gestation and maximum sizes were 45 mm and 38 mm in 130 days of gestation period. There is a little significant difference (P≤0.05) between single and twin pregnancy just in 61-70 and 81-90 days of gestation period. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between the size of placentome and the progress of pregnancy, there are no serious differences in the size of placentomes in single and multiple pregnancy goats, and using transrectal scanning is useful for early detection of pregnancy.
{"title":"Ultrasonic Scanning for Placentome Size in Pregnant Maraz Goat in Sulaimani Province","authors":"Burhan Sabir Mohammed, Salah Noori Mohammed, Talib Ghaidan Mnnat Ali","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was determination of the relationship between pregnancy age and placentome measurement by using an ultrasound technique. This study was conducted in some private farms in Sulaimani province. A total of seventy-two Maraz does were checked by using transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonic transducers for pregnancy status, 47.2% (34/72) of these goats were pregnant. Twenty-seven non-pregnant does were synchronized for estrus by using vaginal sponges for 11 days followed by injection of 500 IU of PMSG hormones after withdrawing the sponges and naturally served to obtain pregnancy. 63% (17/27) of the synchronized goats became pregnant, all synchronized goats were scanned every seven to ten days beginning from day 35 to 140 of gestation transabdominally (TA) with sector-probe (4-5MHz) and transrectally (TR) with linear-probe (7.5-9 MHz). The placentomes width and height increased significantly (P≤0.05) with the progress of the gestation period, and the first observation of placentomes were in 32 and 42 days by depended (TR) and (TA) respectively. The width and height were 10.2 mm and 9.8 mm respectively during 40-50 days of gestation and maximum sizes were 45 mm and 38 mm in 130 days of gestation period. There is a little significant difference (P≤0.05) between single and twin pregnancy just in 61-70 and 81-90 days of gestation period. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between the size of placentome and the progress of pregnancy, there are no serious differences in the size of placentomes in single and multiple pregnancy goats, and using transrectal scanning is useful for early detection of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.4
Atyaf Shakir Ahmed, Nedhal I. Lateff
Nitrosamines are toxic substances that induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the formation of free radicals (ROS) and their removal from the body and is a direct or indirect cause of a variety of diseases. The research aimed to assess vitamin E's potential protective role against nitrosamine-induced defects of testicular tissues. A total of forty Albino mice, weighing between 20 To25 grams and aged 25 to 30 weeks, were employed for the study. These mice are divided into five groups, each consisting of eight individuals. The initial group served as control, second group received a daily oral dosage of 0.05 mL/ g body weight of nitrosamine over one month. The third group was orally administered 0.1 mL/g of vitamin E. Groups IV and V were provided with vitamin E doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mL/g body weight orally Daily for a month, followed by a nitrosamine dose of 0.05 mL/g. Post the treatment period, blood samples were obtained, and the testis and epididymis tissues were subjected to examination. The study findings revealed notable alterations, encompassing the inhibition of spermatogenesis, reduction in diameters of seminiferous tubules within the testis and epididymis, as well as epithelial cell thickness. Additionally, severe necrosis and germ cell erosion were observed. In contrast, results from the vitamin E-treated animals exhibited favorable changes in the testicular and epididymis tissues when compared to the nitrosamine-exposed group and the control group. Moreover, histological assessments of animals administered a preventive vitamin E dose (0.2 mL/g) alongside nitrosamine indicated enhanced spermatogenesis, evidenced by augmented seminiferous tubule diameters and increased epithelial cell thickness within the testis and epididymis.
{"title":"Defensive Role of Vitamin E Against Nitrosamine-Induced Harm to Testicular Tissues in Male BALB/C Albino Mice","authors":"Atyaf Shakir Ahmed, Nedhal I. Lateff","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrosamines are toxic substances that induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the formation of free radicals (ROS) and their removal from the body and is a direct or indirect cause of a variety of diseases. The research aimed to assess vitamin E's potential protective role against nitrosamine-induced defects of testicular tissues. A total of forty Albino mice, weighing between 20 To25 grams and aged 25 to 30 weeks, were employed for the study. These mice are divided into five groups, each consisting of eight individuals. The initial group served as control, second group received a daily oral dosage of 0.05 mL/ g body weight of nitrosamine over one month. The third group was orally administered 0.1 mL/g of vitamin E. Groups IV and V were provided with vitamin E doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mL/g body weight orally Daily for a month, followed by a nitrosamine dose of 0.05 mL/g. Post the treatment period, blood samples were obtained, and the testis and epididymis tissues were subjected to examination. The study findings revealed notable alterations, encompassing the inhibition of spermatogenesis, reduction in diameters of seminiferous tubules within the testis and epididymis, as well as epithelial cell thickness. Additionally, severe necrosis and germ cell erosion were observed. In contrast, results from the vitamin E-treated animals exhibited favorable changes in the testicular and epididymis tissues when compared to the nitrosamine-exposed group and the control group. Moreover, histological assessments of animals administered a preventive vitamin E dose (0.2 mL/g) alongside nitrosamine indicated enhanced spermatogenesis, evidenced by augmented seminiferous tubule diameters and increased epithelial cell thickness within the testis and epididymis.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.6
Ali Abd Kadhum, H. K. Ibraheim
Contamination of meats with different species of microorganisms pose significant threats not only to the human health but also to the animal production. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of bacterial contaminants in raw meat of livestock. A total of 75 random samples were collected (included 50 cow samples and 25 goats samples) from several butcher shops and slaughterhouse stores in Basrah governorate. The samples were subjected into the biochemical tests using Enter system 18R to confirm preliminary bacterial diagnosis and subsequently cultured using a selective media (MacConkey agar). The outcomes demonstrated Escherichia. coli was the dominate bacterial isolated species in the cow and goats with the percentage estimated at (30%) and (28%), respectively. Other important isolations were also found Enterobacter cloacae in was a rate (20%) Cow meat and Klebsiella pneumonia in goat meat with a rate estimated at (20%), while the lowest isolations rate was Salmonella spp (8%) in cow meat. Staphylococcus aureus (14%) in cow meat and (12%) in goat meat. In conclusion, meats are representative the source of infection with foodborne pathogens carry hazard to public health transmitted to the humans due to mishandling and improper hygienic condition of meats. The results showed biofilm production were high percent for Staphylococcus aureus 5 (50%) strong biofilm producer, follow Klebsiella pneumonia 4 (30.76%) strong biofilm. As other isolates were biofilm producer and production of biofilm is related to the resistance.
{"title":"Microbial Study of Pathogenic Bacterial that Producing Biofilm Isolated From Fresh Red Meat","authors":"Ali Abd Kadhum, H. K. Ibraheim","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of meats with different species of microorganisms pose significant threats not only to the human health but also to the animal production. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of bacterial contaminants in raw meat of livestock. A total of 75 random samples were collected (included 50 cow samples and 25 goats samples) from several butcher shops and slaughterhouse stores in Basrah governorate. The samples were subjected into the biochemical tests using Enter system 18R to confirm preliminary bacterial diagnosis and subsequently cultured using a selective media (MacConkey agar). The outcomes demonstrated Escherichia. coli was the dominate bacterial isolated species in the cow and goats with the percentage estimated at (30%) and (28%), respectively. Other important isolations were also found Enterobacter cloacae in was a rate (20%) Cow meat and Klebsiella pneumonia in goat meat with a rate estimated at (20%), while the lowest isolations rate was Salmonella spp (8%) in cow meat. Staphylococcus aureus (14%) in cow meat and (12%) in goat meat. In conclusion, meats are representative the source of infection with foodborne pathogens carry hazard to public health transmitted to the humans due to mishandling and improper hygienic condition of meats. The results showed biofilm production were high percent for Staphylococcus aureus 5 (50%) strong biofilm producer, follow Klebsiella pneumonia 4 (30.76%) strong biofilm. As other isolates were biofilm producer and production of biofilm is related to the resistance.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"45 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.5
M. Hasan, waad khalid Khalaf, M. Jarjees
This study was designed to explore and assess the status of nematode infection of sheep based on the prevalence, identification genera and species of detected eggs, age and sex of infected sheep, type of infection (single, double, mixed), type of sheep breeding (outdoor/indoor husbandry) and intensity of infection (light, moderate, heavy). One hundred and eighty-five fecal samples were microscopically examined which were randomly collected from different locations of Mosul and Erbil cities. The sheep of the study were of different ages and both sexes and were carried out during the period from January until the December 2020. Conventional helminthic examination methods were applied including the examination and description of genera and species of the egg worms. The findings indicated that the total infection rate was 46.49%. In all sheep of both areas, the highest infection rates were observed in adults and older sheep (2-3 years and >3 years). There was no significant difference between infection rates of males and females. It was found that "light" type of intensity of infection (50-800) egg/g was the most predominant in both sheep representing 63.6% and 59.5% of Mosul and Erbil cities, respectively. It can be conducted that the infection with a single type of nematodes was generally prevalent in the examined sheep of the two cities .According to the degree of infection concomitant to the management of housing, indoor type of breeding is better that outdoor type of Mosul sheep, while the outdoor type of had the worse influence in Erbil sheep city. Although, the predominant type of intensity of infection was light (50-800 egg/g ) among all sheep investigated, those sheep need to be regularly and continuously administered with effective and suitable anthelmintics.
{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematode of Sheep in Mosul and Erbil City","authors":"M. Hasan, waad khalid Khalaf, M. Jarjees","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to explore and assess the status of nematode infection of sheep based on the prevalence, identification genera and species of detected eggs, age and sex of infected sheep, type of infection (single, double, mixed), type of sheep breeding (outdoor/indoor husbandry) and intensity of infection (light, moderate, heavy). One hundred and eighty-five fecal samples were microscopically examined which were randomly collected from different locations of Mosul and Erbil cities. The sheep of the study were of different ages and both sexes and were carried out during the period from January until the December 2020. Conventional helminthic examination methods were applied including the examination and description of genera and species of the egg worms. The findings indicated that the total infection rate was 46.49%. In all sheep of both areas, the highest infection rates were observed in adults and older sheep (2-3 years and >3 years). There was no significant difference between infection rates of males and females. It was found that \"light\" type of intensity of infection (50-800) egg/g was the most predominant in both sheep representing 63.6% and 59.5% of Mosul and Erbil cities, respectively. It can be conducted that the infection with a single type of nematodes was generally prevalent in the examined sheep of the two cities .According to the degree of infection concomitant to the management of housing, indoor type of breeding is better that outdoor type of Mosul sheep, while the outdoor type of had the worse influence in Erbil sheep city. Although, the predominant type of intensity of infection was light (50-800 egg/g ) among all sheep investigated, those sheep need to be regularly and continuously administered with effective and suitable anthelmintics.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"56 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.7
Ahmed Alsuwaidawi, Hani muneeb Alrawi
This investigation was carried out on privately owned dairy farms situated in Al-Anbar Province, Iraq, extending from June 2022 to March 2023. The objective of our study was to compare the calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and conception rate at first service (CRFS) between timed artificial insemination (TAI) within ovulation synchronization protocols and AI at estrus detection. Total cows (n = 80) 50–60 days postpartum were randomly divided. (1) AIED group (Control, n = 40) untreated cows received AI at the first observed estrus according to the a.m. /p.m. rule. (2) OVS group (n = 20) was treated with a classical Ovsynch protocol. (3) The PG+G group (n = 20) underwent resynchronization with PGF2 and GnRH at the same time 7 days later, then underwent an Ovsynch protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed using trans-rectal ultrasonography on day’s 30-35 post-insemination. The results of this study show that mean days of CI and DO for the control group were significantly longer than those in both the OVS group and the PG+G group (P < 0.01). Among all groups, the CRFS showed a significant difference (37.5%, P < 0.05). Separately, the CRFS for the control group was similar to the OVS group (respectively, 27.5% vs. 30%, P > 0.05). Whereas, the PG+G group had a 65% CRFS, which was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01) and OVS (P < 0.05). In summary, ovulation synchronization protocols enable TAI earlier in the postpartum period, eliminating the need for estrus detection and resulting in shorter CI and DO. Additionally, the PG+G protocol increased the CRFS compared to both the OVS and the control groups.
{"title":"Fertility of Postpartum Iraqi Cows Following Timed Artificial Insemination within Ovsynch or Presynch Protocols","authors":"Ahmed Alsuwaidawi, Hani muneeb Alrawi","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation was carried out on privately owned dairy farms situated in Al-Anbar Province, Iraq, extending from June 2022 to March 2023. The objective of our study was to compare the calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and conception rate at first service (CRFS) between timed artificial insemination (TAI) within ovulation synchronization protocols and AI at estrus detection. Total cows (n = 80) 50–60 days postpartum were randomly divided. (1) AIED group (Control, n = 40) untreated cows received AI at the first observed estrus according to the a.m. /p.m. rule. (2) OVS group (n = 20) was treated with a classical Ovsynch protocol. (3) The PG+G group (n = 20) underwent resynchronization with PGF2 and GnRH at the same time 7 days later, then underwent an Ovsynch protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed using trans-rectal ultrasonography on day’s 30-35 post-insemination. The results of this study show that mean days of CI and DO for the control group were significantly longer than those in both the OVS group and the PG+G group (P < 0.01). Among all groups, the CRFS showed a significant difference (37.5%, P < 0.05). Separately, the CRFS for the control group was similar to the OVS group (respectively, 27.5% vs. 30%, P > 0.05). Whereas, the PG+G group had a 65% CRFS, which was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01) and OVS (P < 0.05). In summary, ovulation synchronization protocols enable TAI earlier in the postpartum period, eliminating the need for estrus detection and resulting in shorter CI and DO. Additionally, the PG+G protocol increased the CRFS compared to both the OVS and the control groups.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.3
Mariam abdulhussain kadhem, Falah musa AL-Rekabi
Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary hyperthyroidism lead to osteoporosis. The experiment was conducted to investigate the role of Avena sativa L. (oat) seeds ethanolic extract on osteoporosis in female rabbits treated with methylprednisolone, by studying the BMD, serum Ca and P, Vit. D, PTH, and histopathological alterations of femur bone. Fifty female rabbits were used, weighted 1500- 2000gm and aged 8 month, were divided into five equal groups, each group contains ten adult female rabbits. Control negative group(G-ve ), 2. Control positive group(G+ve) (Meth-Pred) received S/C methylprednisolone of 0.2 mg/kg per day for 30 days then received orally 1ml/kg normal saline per day for two months, 3. Group3 (Meth-Pred+As) received similar dose of Meth-Pred then treated with 600 mg/kg Avena sativa seed extract orally per day for two months, 4.Group4(Meth-Pred+Alend) received similar dose of Meth-Pred then treated by alendronate 3.6 mg/kg BW orally weekly for two months, 5. Group5 (Meth-Pred+ Alend + As) received similar doses of Meth-Pred then treated by Alend then treated with Avena sativa seed extract. This study persisted for three month and till after one week of the medicine’s withdrawal. The results showed that the BMD, serum Ca, phosphorus, Vit. D, a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05), as well as a significantly high ( P≤0.05) in serum PTH of the animals after two month of treatment, and after one week of withdrawal of treatment in control(+ve) and alendronate group compared with control(-ve), but when treated rabbits with Avena sativa ethanolic extract in third group, showed an improvement in the parameters above return to its normal values and produced excellent results. Histopathological alterations of the femoral bone of control (+ve) group including abnormal histological appearance of the bone. Whereas treated with Avena Sativa seeds ethanolic extract in third group were effective in arresting histopathological alterations and normal architecture compared with the control (-ve) group. These finding suggest that the ethanolic extract of Avena Sativa seeds may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of osteoporotic bone loss
{"title":"The Anti-osteoporotic Effect of Avena sativa Seeds Ethanolic Extract on Methylprednisolone -induced Osteoporosis in Female Rabbits (Lepus cuniculus)","authors":"Mariam abdulhussain kadhem, Falah musa AL-Rekabi","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids are one of the causes of secondary hyperthyroidism lead to osteoporosis. The experiment was conducted to investigate the role of Avena sativa L. (oat) seeds ethanolic extract on osteoporosis in female rabbits treated with methylprednisolone, by studying the BMD, serum Ca and P, Vit. D, PTH, and histopathological alterations of femur bone. Fifty female rabbits were used, weighted 1500- 2000gm and aged 8 month, were divided into five equal groups, each group contains ten adult female rabbits. Control negative group(G-ve ), 2. Control positive group(G+ve) (Meth-Pred) received S/C methylprednisolone of 0.2 mg/kg per day for 30 days then received orally 1ml/kg normal saline per day for two months, 3. Group3 (Meth-Pred+As) received similar dose of Meth-Pred then treated with 600 mg/kg Avena sativa seed extract orally per day for two months, 4.Group4(Meth-Pred+Alend) received similar dose of Meth-Pred then treated by alendronate 3.6 mg/kg BW orally weekly for two months, 5. Group5 (Meth-Pred+ Alend + As) received similar doses of Meth-Pred then treated by Alend then treated with Avena sativa seed extract. This study persisted for three month and till after one week of the medicine’s withdrawal. The results showed that the BMD, serum Ca, phosphorus, Vit. D, a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05), as well as a significantly high ( P≤0.05) in serum PTH of the animals after two month of treatment, and after one week of withdrawal of treatment in control(+ve) and alendronate group compared with control(-ve), but when treated rabbits with Avena sativa ethanolic extract in third group, showed an improvement in the parameters above return to its normal values and produced excellent results. Histopathological alterations of the femoral bone of control (+ve) group including abnormal histological appearance of the bone. Whereas treated with Avena Sativa seeds ethanolic extract in third group were effective in arresting histopathological alterations and normal architecture compared with the control (-ve) group. These finding suggest that the ethanolic extract of Avena Sativa seeds may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of osteoporotic bone loss","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.9
Zhilan H Yaba, N. R. Abdulrahman, S. Hassan
This research's goal was to examine the molecular analysis and pathological lesions linked to IBV infection in flocks of naturally infected broiler chickens from non-vaccinated and vaccinated (H120, MA5+IB 4-91) flocks. One hundred sixteen birds were collected in Sulaimani provinces between November 2021 and July 2022 from various broiler chicken flocks of vaccinated (H120, MA5+IB 4-91) and non-vaccinated birds who suffered from respiratory illness. Viral isolation and PCR were used to confirm the infection. The majority of the necropsied birds showed congested trachea and the presence of mucus with caseated debris at the bifurcation. There was a white precipitate in the ureters, also the kidneys were enlarged and congested. Sequencing of the S1 glycoprotein gene revealed that four isolates found and after phylogenetic analysis of the strains' deduced amino acid sequences indicated that they had a close relationship with the Iranian strains MG013972 and MG013973 as well as the Iraqi strain MH747093. The non-vaccinated chickens' histopathological evaluation of all organs was more severe than that of the vaccinated chicks, with catarrhal exudate obstructing the tracheal lumen and tracheal epithelium undergoing hyperplasia to squamous metaplasia. In lung sections, catarrhal exudate partially to completely blocked the parabronchial lumen and the intrabronchial septa thickened due to alveolar capillary congestion, and an inflammatory reaction. Mild to severe glomerulonephritis with considerable collecting epithelial cell degeneration was seen in the kidney segment. Finally, it can be said that the infectious bronchitis virus is a significant contributor to the respiratory and/or renal issues affecting the flocks of broiler chickens in Sulaimani Province.
{"title":"Molecular and Pathological Investigation of Infectious Bronchitis in Broiler Flocks in Sulaimani Province, Iraq","authors":"Zhilan H Yaba, N. R. Abdulrahman, S. Hassan","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This research's goal was to examine the molecular analysis and pathological lesions linked to IBV infection in flocks of naturally infected broiler chickens from non-vaccinated and vaccinated (H120, MA5+IB 4-91) flocks. One hundred sixteen birds were collected in Sulaimani provinces between November 2021 and July 2022 from various broiler chicken flocks of vaccinated (H120, MA5+IB 4-91) and non-vaccinated birds who suffered from respiratory illness. Viral isolation and PCR were used to confirm the infection. The majority of the necropsied birds showed congested trachea and the presence of mucus with caseated debris at the bifurcation. There was a white precipitate in the ureters, also the kidneys were enlarged and congested. Sequencing of the S1 glycoprotein gene revealed that four isolates found and after phylogenetic analysis of the strains' deduced amino acid sequences indicated that they had a close relationship with the Iranian strains MG013972 and MG013973 as well as the Iraqi strain MH747093. The non-vaccinated chickens' histopathological evaluation of all organs was more severe than that of the vaccinated chicks, with catarrhal exudate obstructing the tracheal lumen and tracheal epithelium undergoing hyperplasia to squamous metaplasia. In lung sections, catarrhal exudate partially to completely blocked the parabronchial lumen and the intrabronchial septa thickened due to alveolar capillary congestion, and an inflammatory reaction. Mild to severe glomerulonephritis with considerable collecting epithelial cell degeneration was seen in the kidney segment. Finally, it can be said that the infectious bronchitis virus is a significant contributor to the respiratory and/or renal issues affecting the flocks of broiler chickens in Sulaimani Province.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.8
S. Kasim, Fouad Ziedan Hamzah
To evaluate the probable protective effect of vitex agnus castus extract on sperm characteristics in hypothyroid male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats (200–250 g) were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. Negative control (First Group) got normal saline every day. After hypothyroidism, groups 2–4 received vitex agnus castus extract and/or levothyroxine (L-T4). (Second Group) received normal saline as a positive control, (Third Group) received vitex agnus castus extract (300 mg/kg body weight), and (Fourth Group) received L-T4 (0.1 mg/kg/day). HYPO (positive) increased TSH but decreased T3 and T4, while HYPO+ THYROXIN and HYPO+V.A.C decreased TSH and increased T3 and T4 compared to the HYPO (positive). THYROXIN and V.A.C decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA), but HYPO (positive) increased it. Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the HYPO (positive) group compared to the control treatment and increased in THYROXIN and V.A.C treatments compared to HYPO (positive) group. Indicators of sperm characteristics showed that the HYPO (positive) treatment caused a significant decrease in (sperm count, general motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology) compared to the control, while both treatments of HYPO, whether with THYROXIN or V.A.C, increased all five indicators significantly despite the lack of difference between them and control in terms of impact. Vitex agnus castus' antioxidant characteristics make it a potential preventative measure against hypothyroidism's deleterious impact on sperm quality and antioxidant testicular levels
{"title":"Sperm Characteristics in Hypothyroid Male Albino Rats Treated With Vitex Agnus Castus Extract","authors":"S. Kasim, Fouad Ziedan Hamzah","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the probable protective effect of vitex agnus castus extract on sperm characteristics in hypothyroid male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats (200–250 g) were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. Negative control (First Group) got normal saline every day. After hypothyroidism, groups 2–4 received vitex agnus castus extract and/or levothyroxine (L-T4). (Second Group) received normal saline as a positive control, (Third Group) received vitex agnus castus extract (300 mg/kg body weight), and (Fourth Group) received L-T4 (0.1 mg/kg/day). HYPO (positive) increased TSH but decreased T3 and T4, while HYPO+ THYROXIN and HYPO+V.A.C decreased TSH and increased T3 and T4 compared to the HYPO (positive). THYROXIN and V.A.C decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA), but HYPO (positive) increased it. Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the HYPO (positive) group compared to the control treatment and increased in THYROXIN and V.A.C treatments compared to HYPO (positive) group. Indicators of sperm characteristics showed that the HYPO (positive) treatment caused a significant decrease in (sperm count, general motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology) compared to the control, while both treatments of HYPO, whether with THYROXIN or V.A.C, increased all five indicators significantly despite the lack of difference between them and control in terms of impact. Vitex agnus castus' antioxidant characteristics make it a potential preventative measure against hypothyroidism's deleterious impact on sperm quality and antioxidant testicular levels","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.2
Rabab Samir Karkar, S. A. al-khazraji
Surgeries are strenuous for the animal patient regardless of the procedure type. This study aimed to compare the surgical time that required to perform a traditional ovariectomy vs a laparoscopic ovariectomy. To achieve this; ten adult Jennies were divided equally into two groups, group A underwent ovarian lift by traditional surgery, while group B got an ovarian lift by laparoscopy. Surgical time evaluated from the scalpel incision till the last suture stitch. The finding showed a significant differences at the level of (P≤0.01) between the two groups, traditional ovariectomy group took from 50 to 70 minutes, while the laparoscopic group took from 120 to 158 minutes. In conclusion the duration of Jenny's laparoscopic ovariectomy operation is greater than that of the traditional ovariectomy surgery, and it gets shorter as additional surgeries are performed.
{"title":"Surgical Time Evaluation of Traditional and Laparoscopic Unilateral Ovariectomy in Jennies","authors":"Rabab Samir Karkar, S. A. al-khazraji","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Surgeries are strenuous for the animal patient regardless of the procedure type. This study aimed to compare the surgical time that required to perform a traditional ovariectomy vs a laparoscopic ovariectomy. To achieve this; ten adult Jennies were divided equally into two groups, group A underwent ovarian lift by traditional surgery, while group B got an ovarian lift by laparoscopy. Surgical time evaluated from the scalpel incision till the last suture stitch. The finding showed a significant differences at the level of (P≤0.01) between the two groups, traditional ovariectomy group took from 50 to 70 minutes, while the laparoscopic group took from 120 to 158 minutes. In conclusion the duration of Jenny's laparoscopic ovariectomy operation is greater than that of the traditional ovariectomy surgery, and it gets shorter as additional surgeries are performed.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"51 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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