Zeitschrift fur Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane最新文献

In a multicentric trial 350 persons (19-24 years) were immunized with influenza vaccines containing the following virus antigens: A/Singapore/6/86, (H1N1); A/Mississippi/1/85, (H3N2); B/Ann Arbor/1/86. 174 received an i.m. injection of 0.5 ml "Influmun" vaccine from SSW Dresden/GDR. 176 persons were immunized twice within 60 days with enteric-wated capsules each containing approximately 60 micrograms hemagglutinin of all three virus strains. The volunteers were clinically observed in an interval of 6 months. The majority of orally immunized persons with low pre-immunization titers responded with fourfold or higher IgA antibody titer rises in nasal secretions, but no significant IgG antibody titer increase in sera could be observed. Secretory antibody titers remained elevated for 2 to 4 months. Parenterally immunized persons showed antibody titer rises in sera but not in nasal secretions. In both groups the highest antibody titer increases were observed after application of the A/Singapore/6/86 virus antigen. Volunteers with high pre-immunization titer did not show an antibody increase neither after parenteral nor oral immunization.

The main reason for an insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood during acute lung injury should be an increased shunt fraction. The aim of this study was to check if in this connection the magnitude of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is reduced--a fact, which could be causal involved in the arising of increased shunt fraction. 21 male rats were anaesthetized (pentobarbitone) and ventilated artificially (F1O2 = 0.6). In 10-minute-intervals hypoxia (F1O2 = 0.06) was applied. After the first hypoxic exposure the animals were divided into 4 groups according to the application of 3 U xanthine oxidase (XO) or 0.5 ml physiological saline (NaCl) intratracheally (i.t.) or intravascularly (i.v.)--group A: XO i.t.; group B: XO i.v.; group C.: NaCl i.t.; group D: NaCl i.v. At the end of each hypoxic or hyperoxic period (steady state) mean blood pressure in the right ventricle (Prv) and in the A. carotis communis (Psa) were measured. Then blood samples (100 microliters each) were drawn from the artery and the right ventricle and pH, PO2, PCO2, SO2 and hemoglobin concentration were determined. During hyperoxic conditions from the latter values we calculated the shunt fraction. Additional the lung-thorax compliance before and after the application was measured body plethysmographically. As an indirect measure of the reagibility of the pulmonary vasculature the increase of Prv during hypoxic exposure was considered. In the groups B, C and D no significant changes between the measured parameters before and after the application procedure could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Starting from the polyvalent sense of a limitation of the maximum available respiratory flow there is to be pointed to the necessity of the decentralized measurement of resistance. The instrument IfM E1 permits the use of the simple forced oscillation technique for estimations of ROS and the derived values delta ROS and STAV all over the country. The advanced forced oscillation method, based on the fixed frequency technique, contained the option for estimation of the residual volume and especially the phase-angle. The knowledge of psi, Re and phi can make the oscillatory testing of airways resistance more surely. Taking into consideration the dependence of the phase signal on lung volume can state noninvasive different facts about the compliance of the lung-thoracic-diaphragm system.

The study of changes of ultrastructure of air-blood-barrier components in comparison with indices of surfactant surface activity was carried out on fragments of lung tissue, cut from 36 patients with bronchiectasis, chronic abscess and fibrosis of post-pneumonic nature. Our data indicate, that in patients with chronic non-specific lung diseases the areas, more distant from the focus of affection, have changes, involving all the components of air-blood-barrier. Dystrophic and destructive processes, taking place in some pneumocytes of the 2nd type, result in suppression of the surface active characteristics of surfactant. On the other hand, processes of compensatory nature, directed to making up a deficiency of surfactant, take place.

A suppressive effect of the sarcoidosis serum on the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes could be confirmed statistically (p less than 1%). But there remained a lot of deviating results in distinct individual cases which could not be explained by subdividing the material in regard to different clinical points of view. The practical utility of the LTT as a diagnostic tool in sarcoidosis is therefore very limited. The partly missing suppression or even a stimulation compared to the culture with pooled AB-sera can be interpreted by the interesting phenomenon of a concentration dependent counter-current action of the sarcoidosis serum: On suboptimal PHA-dosage undiluted serum caused a significant reduction of the transformation rate of donor lymphocytes, 1:10 diluted serum was inefficient and in a 1:100 concentration it induced a stimulation (p less than 5%).

From 1975 to 1989 37 patients with Lupus erythematodes exposed to quartz dust over many years were observed. Thirty of them suffered from silicosis. The coincidence of silicosis and Lupus erythematodes can be an expression of a common pathogenesis.

The purpose of this review is to provide recommendations for measurement and interpretation of ergooxymetry relevant to performance in out-patient departments. Ergooxymetry is the most suitable method for assessment of physical work capacity. The examination demands a distinct indication and knowledge of contraindications. On the basis of a standardized 3-step loading (VO2 = 1,050 ml/min, VO2 = 1,350 ml/min, VO2 = 1,650 ml/min; incremental loading without breaks; 6 min for each loading step) criteria for interpretation are given for PaO2, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and FEV1 respectively ROS.

Reported are 48 cases of aspergilloma underwent surgical treatment. Cardinal symptom was hemoptysis in 26 patients. Because of massive bleeding one patient had to treat by thoracotomy without delay. Specific metabolic properties of the fungus, the situation of the wall and the content of the cavum as well as the genesis of the development of the cavum are discussed in connection with the tendency to hemoptysis.

From 1987 to 1989 22 men and one woman with morphologically certified tumors of the lungs were symptomatically treated with cryocoagulation. The cryoequipment KNF 4/5 with 30 W freezing capacity was used. After treatment in 20 out of 22 patients an objective improvement could be observed. A significant increase of spirographically measured vital capacity was found. Control observations of the results after treatment using a densitographic investigation of the regional distribution of the ventilation included the advantage that valuable informations concerning the effect of the treatment were received without further burden for the patient.