Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000050
P. Barreiro
{"title":"Unexplained hepatitis in children after lifting COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.","authors":"P. Barreiro","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41955331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs more frequently in patients with HIV infection than in general population. The predictive value of HIV-related factors and traditional cardiovascular factors with PAH is inconsistent across studies. The objective is to determine the roles of HIV-related risk factors and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the development of PAH in adults with HIV. We searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 1, 2000 and February 23, 2021 on risk factors associated with PAH among people living with HIV (PLWH). Ten studies were included for final analysis. PLWH with PAH had higher mean age (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31 ~ 4.24), and lower mean CD4 cell count (WMD = -95.8, 95% CI -153.41 ~ -38.2). Meanwhile, they were more likely to have detectable viral load (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16 ~ 1.60), to accompany arterial hypertension (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.51 ~ 2.71) and less likely to receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 ~ 0.99). Besides, more intravenous drug users were observed in HIV-infected adults with PAH (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.51 ~ 3.33). HIV infection itself and ART impact PAH in two opposite ways. Traditional cardiovascular factors such as arterial hypertension, and older age are also important to the development of PAH. Screening HIV-related factors and traditional cardiovascular factors may help to target and manage patients at risk.
肺动脉高压(PAH)在HIV感染患者中比在普通人群中更常见。hiv相关因素和传统心血管因素对PAH的预测价值在各研究中并不一致。目的是确定HIV相关危险因素和传统心血管危险因素在成人HIV感染者PAH发展中的作用。我们检索了Pubmed/Medline、Embase、Web of Science和Google Scholar,以确定2000年1月1日至2021年2月23日之间发表的有关HIV感染者(PLWH)中PAH相关风险因素的研究。10项研究纳入最终分析。PLWH合并PAH患者平均年龄较高(加权平均差[WMD] = 2.27, 95%可信区间[CI] 0.31 ~ 4.24),平均CD4细胞计数较低(WMD = -95.8, 95% CI -153.41 ~ -38.2)。同时,他们更容易检测到病毒载量(比值比[OR] = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16 ~ 1.60),更容易伴有动脉高血压(OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.51 ~ 2.71),更不容易接受抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART) (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 ~ 0.99)。此外,hiv感染的成人PAH患者静脉吸毒人数较多(OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.51 ~ 3.33)。HIV感染本身和ART以两种相反的方式影响PAH。传统的心血管因素,如动脉高血压和年龄的增长对PAH的发展也很重要。筛查艾滋病毒相关因素和传统心血管因素可能有助于定位和管理高危患者。
{"title":"Risk factors associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension among HIV-infected adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Ying Liu, Junyan Han, Bei Li, Jing Xiao, Leidan Zhang, Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.21000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.21000056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs more frequently in patients with HIV infection than in general population. The predictive value of HIV-related factors and traditional cardiovascular factors with PAH is inconsistent across studies. The objective is to determine the roles of HIV-related risk factors and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the development of PAH in adults with HIV. We searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 1, 2000 and February 23, 2021 on risk factors associated with PAH among people living with HIV (PLWH). Ten studies were included for final analysis. PLWH with PAH had higher mean age (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31 ~ 4.24), and lower mean CD4 cell count (WMD = -95.8, 95% CI -153.41 ~ -38.2). Meanwhile, they were more likely to have detectable viral load (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16 ~ 1.60), to accompany arterial hypertension (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.51 ~ 2.71) and less likely to receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 ~ 0.99). Besides, more intravenous drug users were observed in HIV-infected adults with PAH (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.51 ~ 3.33). HIV infection itself and ART impact PAH in two opposite ways. Traditional cardiovascular factors such as arterial hypertension, and older age are also important to the development of PAH. Screening HIV-related factors and traditional cardiovascular factors may help to target and manage patients at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"24 2","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39694670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.21000048
Ana Moyano, Thumbi Ndung'u, Jaclyn K. Mann
HIV-1 infection usually progresses to AIDS within 10 years in antiretroviral therapy untreated individuals, but there is a group of infected individuals, known as controllers, who maintain low plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and normal CD4+ T-cell counts for many years. Evidence suggests that the mechanisms of viral control in these individuals are heterogeneous. In this review, we highlight the viral and host factors, particularly host immunological and immunogenetic factors that are associated with controller status. Despite the broad heterogeneity within controllers, there is compelling evidence that cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte responses act as the main driver of control in the majority of these individuals, especially in those with protective HLA-I alleles. Further investigation of controllers without protective HLA-I alleles is required as it seems that this subset exhibits more durable control of HIV-1 disease progression. Understanding the immune defense mechanisms in controllers provides hope for harnessing these responses in the general population, either for protective or therapeutic vaccines or to achieve a functional cure in infected individuals.
{"title":"Determinants of natural HIV-1 control.","authors":"Ana Moyano, Thumbi Ndung'u, Jaclyn K. Mann","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.21000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.21000048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-1 infection usually progresses to AIDS within 10 years in antiretroviral therapy untreated individuals, but there is a group of infected individuals, known as controllers, who maintain low plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and normal CD4+ T-cell counts for many years. Evidence suggests that the mechanisms of viral control in these individuals are heterogeneous. In this review, we highlight the viral and host factors, particularly host immunological and immunogenetic factors that are associated with controller status. Despite the broad heterogeneity within controllers, there is compelling evidence that cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte responses act as the main driver of control in the majority of these individuals, especially in those with protective HLA-I alleles. Further investigation of controllers without protective HLA-I alleles is required as it seems that this subset exhibits more durable control of HIV-1 disease progression. Understanding the immune defense mechanisms in controllers provides hope for harnessing these responses in the general population, either for protective or therapeutic vaccines or to achieve a functional cure in infected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"24 2","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000051
Vicente Soriano, Octavio Corral
{"title":"International outbreak of monkeypox in men having sex with men.","authors":"Vicente Soriano, Octavio Corral","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000051","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000047
A. Treviño, V. Soriano
{"title":"A greater virulent HIV-1 subtype B variant has circulated in The Netherlands since the 1990's.","authors":"A. Treviño, V. Soriano","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"24 1 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45011303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.21000007
Semiu O Gbadamosi, Mary Jo Trepka, Rahel Dawit, Rime Jebai, Diana M Sheehan
Timely HIV diagnosis is critical to minimizing transmission events. We sought to estimate the meantime from HIV infection to diagnosis and its temporal trend among people with HIV. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar, supplemented by a hand search of bibliographies of articles, was conducted. Study information and outcome measures of time from HIV infection to diagnosis were synthesized. Random-effects metaanalyses were performed. The search identified 12 articles from 4541 unduplicated citations. Studies were conducted in the UK (k = 3), US (k = 3), France (k = 2), Australia (k = 1), Switzerland (k = 1), Netherlands (k = 1), and China (k = 1). The pooled meantime from HIV infection to diagnosis was 3.00 years (95% confidence interval: 2.16-3.84). From 1996 to 2002, meantime reduced from 4.68 to 2.66 years. Subsequently, it increased to 3.20 years in 2003 and remained relatively stable until 2015. In sub-group meta-analyses, men who have sex with men (MSM) had a meantime of 2.62 years (1.91-3.34), while for heterosexuals and people who inject drugs, it was 5.00 (4.15-5.86) and 4.98 (3.97-5.98) years, respectively. In the high- and upper-middle-income countries included in this study, persons live with undiagnosed HIV for about 3 year before being diagnosed. This period is shorter for MSM relative to people with infections attributable to other risk factors.
{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Estimate the Time from HIV Infection to Diagnosis for People with HIV.","authors":"Semiu O Gbadamosi, Mary Jo Trepka, Rahel Dawit, Rime Jebai, Diana M Sheehan","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.21000007","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.21000007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timely HIV diagnosis is critical to minimizing transmission events. We sought to estimate the meantime from HIV infection to diagnosis and its temporal trend among people with HIV. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar, supplemented by a hand search of bibliographies of articles, was conducted. Study information and outcome measures of time from HIV infection to diagnosis were synthesized. Random-effects metaanalyses were performed. The search identified 12 articles from 4541 unduplicated citations. Studies were conducted in the UK (k = 3), US (k = 3), France (k = 2), Australia (k = 1), Switzerland (k = 1), Netherlands (k = 1), and China (k = 1). The pooled meantime from HIV infection to diagnosis was 3.00 years (95% confidence interval: 2.16-3.84). From 1996 to 2002, meantime reduced from 4.68 to 2.66 years. Subsequently, it increased to 3.20 years in 2003 and remained relatively stable until 2015. In sub-group meta-analyses, men who have sex with men (MSM) had a meantime of 2.62 years (1.91-3.34), while for heterosexuals and people who inject drugs, it was 5.00 (4.15-5.86) and 4.98 (3.97-5.98) years, respectively. In the high- and upper-middle-income countries included in this study, persons live with undiagnosed HIV for about 3 year before being diagnosed. This period is shorter for MSM relative to people with infections attributable to other risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636511/pdf/nihms-1733127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9638996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000052
Jordi Navarro
Liver-related diseases are associated with the high levels of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV. Between 13% and 18% of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected patients involves a liver-related damage, this being one of the main causes of death not related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). People living with HIV, even when the disease is under control, are more likely to develop pathologies and complications of a liver-related origin than the general population, both due to common causes such as alcoholism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic viral infections and ageing, in addition to specific HIV-related processes such as antiretroviral treatment toxicity and liver damage inherent to HIV infection. On the other hand, some antiretroviral drugs may have a beneficial effect in reversing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and chronic liver disease. This paper reviews the main risk factors associated with liver disease in people living with HIV and the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this disease.
{"title":"HIV and liver disease.","authors":"Jordi Navarro","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver-related diseases are associated with the high levels of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV. Between 13% and 18% of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected patients involves a liver-related damage, this being one of the main causes of death not related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). People living with HIV, even when the disease is under control, are more likely to develop pathologies and complications of a liver-related origin than the general population, both due to common causes such as alcoholism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic viral infections and ageing, in addition to specific HIV-related processes such as antiretroviral treatment toxicity and liver damage inherent to HIV infection. On the other hand, some antiretroviral drugs may have a beneficial effect in reversing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and chronic liver disease. This paper reviews the main risk factors associated with liver disease in people living with HIV and the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40556125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.19000098
Bach Xuan-Tran, Carl A Latkin, Hai Thanh-Phan, Huong L Thi-Nguyen, Chi Linh-Hoang, Cyrus S H Ho, Roger C M Ho
Tobacco smoking undermines the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and potentially associates with other health problems. This study aimed to analyze the growth and content of research on smoking among PLWHA on Web of Science Database. Co-occurrence analysis and Jaccard's' similarity index calculation were performed to identify and visualize networks of countries collaboration, keywords co-occurrence, and research topics. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the abstracts' contents to uncover research domains and landscapes. The number of publications increased by 14.55% annually in the period of 1991-2017, with 74% of total papers published within 2007-2017. A wide range of topics have been covered, notably co-morbidities, interventions on smoking abstinence and cessation, and the enforcing relationship of smoking cessation with antiretroviral treatment adherence. A shortage of studies on smoking among PLWHA in low- and middle-income countries, limited collaborations between countries outside of close geographical proximity and a lack of discussion on local contexts and psychosocial factors were found. Smoking among PLWHA has been being studied more extensively in recent years, enhancing our knowledge and awareness of the significant and specific effects smoking have on PLWHA, which, in turn, assisting the proposals and implementations of suitable solutions. However, more efforts should be made to examine and understand contextualized aspects, including culture and beliefs specific to each nation or smaller sub-population within a country, especially those currently under-researched, as well as psycho-behavioral factors to implement more effective interventions to reduce smoking among PLWHA.
吸烟破坏了艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者抗逆转录病毒治疗的有效性,并可能与其他健康问题有关。本研究旨在分析Web of Science数据库中艾滋病感染者吸烟研究的增长和内容。通过共现分析和Jaccard的相似指数计算来识别和可视化国家合作、关键词共现和研究主题的网络。对摘要内容进行探索性因子分析,揭示研究领域和研究景观。1991-2017年期间,论文发表数量以每年14.55%的速度增长,其中2007-2017年期间发表的论文占总数的74%。涵盖了广泛的主题,特别是合并症,戒烟和戒烟的干预措施,以及戒烟与抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性的强制关系。研究发现,在低收入和中等收入国家中,缺乏关于艾滋病毒感染者吸烟的研究,地理位置接近之外的国家之间的合作有限,缺乏对当地情况和社会心理因素的讨论。近年来,人们对艾滋病感染者的吸烟情况进行了更广泛的研究,提高了我们对吸烟对艾滋病患者的重大和具体影响的认识和认识,这反过来又有助于提出和实施适当的解决方案。然而,应作出更多努力,审查和了解背景方面,包括每个国家或一个国家内较小亚人群的具体文化和信仰,特别是目前研究不足的文化和信仰,以及心理行为因素,以实施更有效的干预措施,减少艾滋病毒携带者的吸烟。
{"title":"Smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS: a bibliometric analysis (GAP<sub>RESEARCH</sub>).","authors":"Bach Xuan-Tran, Carl A Latkin, Hai Thanh-Phan, Huong L Thi-Nguyen, Chi Linh-Hoang, Cyrus S H Ho, Roger C M Ho","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.19000098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.19000098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco smoking undermines the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and potentially associates with other health problems. This study aimed to analyze the growth and content of research on smoking among PLWHA on Web of Science Database. Co-occurrence analysis and Jaccard's' similarity index calculation were performed to identify and visualize networks of countries collaboration, keywords co-occurrence, and research topics. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the abstracts' contents to uncover research domains and landscapes. The number of publications increased by 14.55% annually in the period of 1991-2017, with 74% of total papers published within 2007-2017. A wide range of topics have been covered, notably co-morbidities, interventions on smoking abstinence and cessation, and the enforcing relationship of smoking cessation with antiretroviral treatment adherence. A shortage of studies on smoking among PLWHA in low- and middle-income countries, limited collaborations between countries outside of close geographical proximity and a lack of discussion on local contexts and psychosocial factors were found. Smoking among PLWHA has been being studied more extensively in recent years, enhancing our knowledge and awareness of the significant and specific effects smoking have on PLWHA, which, in turn, assisting the proposals and implementations of suitable solutions. However, more efforts should be made to examine and understand contextualized aspects, including culture and beliefs specific to each nation or smaller sub-population within a country, especially those currently under-researched, as well as psycho-behavioral factors to implement more effective interventions to reduce smoking among PLWHA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"105-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.21000092
Emilie Dupont, Jean Cyr-Yombi
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent decades worldwide. An increase in the prevalence of obesity has also been observed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high and low incomes countries. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), by controlling the viral load (VL) and restoring cellular immunity, has improved the health status and life expectancy in PLHIV. However, the risk of developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remains higher than the general population. Therefore, specific attention is given to managing risk factors associated with NAEs during the follow-up of PLHIV, including obesity. Factors related to weight gain in PLHIV include demographic factors, HIV disease-related factors, and ART-associated factors. In naive PLHIV, weight gain after the initiation of ART is expected. The weight gains observed are generally not severe even if there appear to be risk factors such as the advanced stage of disease (low CD4 cells count and high VL), female sex, black race, and taking integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) associated or not with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF). The role of each antiretroviral drug per-se remains to clarify. As INSTI ± TAF has been associated with significant weight gain, further research is needed to identify the individual-level factors predictive of weight gain, the mechanisms of ART-associated weight gain and the clinical relevance of this weight gain. As PLHIV survive longer on effective ART, the prevention and management of NAEs will remain a challenge for healthcare providers.
{"title":"Antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in naive HIV-1 infected patient: a narrative review.","authors":"Emilie Dupont, Jean Cyr-Yombi","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.21000092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.21000092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent decades worldwide. An increase in the prevalence of obesity has also been observed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high and low incomes countries. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), by controlling the viral load (VL) and restoring cellular immunity, has improved the health status and life expectancy in PLHIV. However, the risk of developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remains higher than the general population. Therefore, specific attention is given to managing risk factors associated with NAEs during the follow-up of PLHIV, including obesity. Factors related to weight gain in PLHIV include demographic factors, HIV disease-related factors, and ART-associated factors. In naive PLHIV, weight gain after the initiation of ART is expected. The weight gains observed are generally not severe even if there appear to be risk factors such as the advanced stage of disease (low CD4 cells count and high VL), female sex, black race, and taking integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) associated or not with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF). The role of each antiretroviral drug per-se remains to clarify. As INSTI ± TAF has been associated with significant weight gain, further research is needed to identify the individual-level factors predictive of weight gain, the mechanisms of ART-associated weight gain and the clinical relevance of this weight gain. As PLHIV survive longer on effective ART, the prevention and management of NAEs will remain a challenge for healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40472441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000054
Vicente Soriano
{"title":"Alert for polio outbreaks in developed countries.","authors":"Vicente Soriano","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40472442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}