Pub Date : 1976-04-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07249.x
M E Lickey, G D Block, D J Hudson, J T Smith
Abstract— The sea slug, Aplysia, is a useful model system for research on the neurophysiology of circadian integration. The animal contains several circadian oscillators and several photoreceptors. Each eye contains a circadian oscillator as well as photoreceptors. The ocular oscillators can be entrained by extraocular photoreceptors as well as their own ocular photoreceptors. The abdominal ganglion probably contains another oscillator but it has been much more difficult to manipulate in the laboratory than have the oscillators in the eyes. There is also a circadian rhythm in overt behavioral activity. This rhythm is controlled in part by extraocular oscillators and extraocular photoreceptors and in part by the eyes. In exerting their influence on the behavioral rhythm, the eyes appear to act in the capacity of oscillators and not merely as photoreceptors. Although neurons in the retina have neurosecretory morphology, the entire influence of the eyes on the behavioral rhythm appears to be mediated by nerve signals which travel in the optic nerve. As yet there is no evidence to suggest that any two oscillators in Aplysia are internally coupled. There is also no evidence yet for hormonal coupling between photoreceptors and oscillators or between oscillators and rhythmic outputs.
{"title":"Circadian oscillators and photoreceptors in the gastropod, Aplysia.","authors":"M E Lickey, G D Block, D J Hudson, J T Smith","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07249.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07249.x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— The sea slug, Aplysia, is a useful model system for research on the neurophysiology of circadian integration. The animal contains several circadian oscillators and several photoreceptors. Each eye contains a circadian oscillator as well as photoreceptors. The ocular oscillators can be entrained by extraocular photoreceptors as well as their own ocular photoreceptors. The abdominal ganglion probably contains another oscillator but it has been much more difficult to manipulate in the laboratory than have the oscillators in the eyes. There is also a circadian rhythm in overt behavioral activity. This rhythm is controlled in part by extraocular oscillators and extraocular photoreceptors and in part by the eyes. In exerting their influence on the behavioral rhythm, the eyes appear to act in the capacity of oscillators and not merely as photoreceptors. Although neurons in the retina have neurosecretory morphology, the entire influence of the eyes on the behavioral rhythm appears to be mediated by nerve signals which travel in the optic nerve. As yet there is no evidence to suggest that any two oscillators in Aplysia are internally coupled. There is also no evidence yet for hormonal coupling between photoreceptors and oscillators or between oscillators and rhythmic outputs.","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"23 4","pages":"253-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07249.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12448908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-04-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07251.x
M Menaker, H Underwood
Abstract— It is clearly established that in birds, as in the other lower vertebrates, brain photoreception is a critically important perceptual mode. In this review, the variety of extraretinally‐mediated responses has been described, and the physiological properties and anatomical location of extraretinal photoreceptors have been briefly discussed. In order to deepen our understanding of its place in the sensory armamentarium, several unresolved problems have been pointed out.
{"title":"Extraretinal photoreception in birds.","authors":"M Menaker, H Underwood","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07251.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07251.x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— It is clearly established that in birds, as in the other lower vertebrates, brain photoreception is a critically important perceptual mode. In this review, the variety of extraretinally‐mediated responses has been described, and the physiological properties and anatomical location of extraretinal photoreceptors have been briefly discussed. In order to deepen our understanding of its place in the sensory armamentarium, several unresolved problems have been pointed out.","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"23 4","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07251.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12448909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraretinal photoreception in insects.","authors":"J W Truman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"23 4","pages":"215-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12448906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-04-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07248.x
T L Page, J L Larimer
Abstract— An attempt was made to determine whether entrainment of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and ERG amplitude of the crayfish involved extraretinal photoreception. The results of a variety of experiments involving surgical lesions and localized illumination provided evidence that both rhythms can be entrained via an extraretinal pathway. The data also demonstrate that the caudal photoreceptor is unnecessary for entrainment. Our evidence to date suggests that the extraretinal photoreceptor is located in the supraesophageal ganglion; however, the possibility of photoreceptive input from other regions of the CNS, particularly the optic lobe, has not been eliminated. It is also tentatively concluded that the circadian oscillators for both the locomotor and the ERG amplitude rhythms are located within the supraesophageal ganglion, but more data are needed to confirm this conclusion.
{"title":"Extraretinal photoreception in entrainment of crustacean circadian rhythms.","authors":"T L Page, J L Larimer","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07248.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07248.x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— An attempt was made to determine whether entrainment of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and ERG amplitude of the crayfish involved extraretinal photoreception. The results of a variety of experiments involving surgical lesions and localized illumination provided evidence that both rhythms can be entrained via an extraretinal pathway. The data also demonstrate that the caudal photoreceptor is unnecessary for entrainment. Our evidence to date suggests that the extraretinal photoreceptor is located in the supraesophageal ganglion; however, the possibility of photoreceptive input from other regions of the CNS, particularly the optic lobe, has not been eliminated. It is also tentatively concluded that the circadian oscillators for both the locomotor and the ERG amplitude rhythms are located within the supraesophageal ganglion, but more data are needed to confirm this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"23 4","pages":"245-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb07248.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12448907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50008-4
N I Bishop
{"title":"Analysis of photosynthesis in green algae through mutation studies.","authors":"N I Bishop","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50008-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50008-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"65-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15260818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50009-6
J S Brown
{"title":"Separation of photosynthetic systems I and II.","authors":"J S Brown","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50009-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50009-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15312914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50013-8
B L Epel
{"title":"Inhibition of growth and respiration by visible and near-visible light.","authors":"B L Epel","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50013-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50013-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"0 0","pages":"209-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15468982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50010-2
G Hind, R E McCarty
{"title":"The role of cation fluxes in chloroplast activity.","authors":"G Hind, R E McCarty","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50010-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-282608-5.50010-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76930,"journal":{"name":"Photophysiology","volume":"0 0","pages":"113-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15701570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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