The past decade has witnessed a growing appreciation of the existence, frequency, and potential lethality of community respiratory virus infections such as RSV in some subsets of immunocompromised adults. The enigmatic "idiopathic pneumonia" and "pneumonia of unknown origin" have become more fathomable. As a result, a simple upper respiratory illness in a high-risk immunocompromised adult is no longer viewed as trivial. The paramount importance of simple hygienic practices has been underscored, and contamination of high-risk immunocompromised patients with respiratory secretions is now discouraged with the same rigor as contamination with urine, feces, or blood. Likewise, the risks and benefits of administering intensive chemotherapy in the setting of a seemingly benign upper respiratory illness are now weighed heavily. The diagnosis is suspected and pursued, and the available therapies are administered promptly. Widespread efforts are now under way to elucidate the pathogenesis of these viral pneumonias and to identify the immunodeficiencies predisposing patients to serious disease. In addition, efforts are being made to develop effective diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic strategies. The growing need for more effective, easier-to-administer, less costly antiviral therapy is apparent.
{"title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised adults.","authors":"E Whimbey, S Ghosh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past decade has witnessed a growing appreciation of the existence, frequency, and potential lethality of community respiratory virus infections such as RSV in some subsets of immunocompromised adults. The enigmatic \"idiopathic pneumonia\" and \"pneumonia of unknown origin\" have become more fathomable. As a result, a simple upper respiratory illness in a high-risk immunocompromised adult is no longer viewed as trivial. The paramount importance of simple hygienic practices has been underscored, and contamination of high-risk immunocompromised patients with respiratory secretions is now discouraged with the same rigor as contamination with urine, feces, or blood. Likewise, the risks and benefits of administering intensive chemotherapy in the setting of a seemingly benign upper respiratory illness are now weighed heavily. The diagnosis is suspected and pursued, and the available therapies are administered promptly. Widespread efforts are now under way to elucidate the pathogenesis of these viral pneumonias and to identify the immunodeficiencies predisposing patients to serious disease. In addition, efforts are being made to develop effective diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic strategies. The growing need for more effective, easier-to-administer, less costly antiviral therapy is apparent.</p>","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"232-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infections of long intravenous lines: new developments and controversies.","authors":"M H Samore, J P Burke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"256-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endophthalmitis.","authors":"M L Durand, J S Heier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"271-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Herpes simplex of the ocular anterior segment.","authors":"D Pavan-Langston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"298-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of systemic fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, has continued to increase during the past few decades. Treatment with conventional amphotericin B has been the standard care for the majority of patients with invasive fungal infections, despite its associated toxicity. Three lipid formulations of amphotericin B have now been approved for use in the United States. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical experience, toxicity, dosing strategies, and cost of these three preparations--amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, and liposomal amphotericin B--were reviewed in detail in this chapter. The clinical data indicate that lipid formulations of amphotericin B represent an important therapeutic modality in the management of invasive fungal infections.
{"title":"Lipid formulations of amphotericin B.","authors":"S P Dix, V T Andriole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of systemic fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, has continued to increase during the past few decades. Treatment with conventional amphotericin B has been the standard care for the majority of patients with invasive fungal infections, despite its associated toxicity. Three lipid formulations of amphotericin B have now been approved for use in the United States. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical experience, toxicity, dosing strategies, and cost of these three preparations--amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, and liposomal amphotericin B--were reviewed in detail in this chapter. The clinical data indicate that lipid formulations of amphotericin B represent an important therapeutic modality in the management of invasive fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trends in treatment of antimicrobial-resistant enterococcal infections.","authors":"L Xia, B E Murray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"92-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute bronchitis in the healthy adult.","authors":"R Gonzales, M A Sande","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"158-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topical antibacterial agents: role in prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections.","authors":"E T Kaye","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"43-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on culture-negative endocarditis.","authors":"L I Kupferwasser, A S Bayer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77088,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical topics in infectious diseases","volume":"20 ","pages":"113-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21781216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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