{"title":"Development of SIRA process for brackish water demineralization by ion exchange.","authors":"G Boari, L Liberti, R Passino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12397912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Hazards in polymer chemistry.","authors":"J Mikes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12397913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pore flow models are classified and concisely reviewed, and it is shown that despite their apparent differences, they are equivalent. It is proven that the difference between the classic formula of Guerout-Elford-Ferry and the most recent ones developed by Pappenheimer-Ussing and Kedem-Katchalsky, is due to the introduction of a more proper viscosity coefficient for the water inside the membranes in the newer formulae. Fundamental assumptions involved in the models are restated and criteria for their applicability are mentioned. Arguments regarding the fundamental validity of the pore size formulae when applied to tight membranes, where continum hydrodynamics become questionable, are reviewed. Recent theoretical analysis of the situtation by Mikulecky, where he shows the calculated pore size merely reflects the extent of the membrane-water interaction is briefly presented. It is argued that since his analysis neglects the influence of the membrane-water interaction on the viscosity coefficient, his treatment is far from conclusive. In support of this argument, the results of the Kinetic studies of Levitt based on direct simulation through molecular dynamics is presented where water molecules (considered as non-interacting hard spheres of 1A radius) are observed in a rigid cylindrical pores of 3.2A in radius and 11A long. The pore size, calculated following the procedures of pore flow models, is in good agreement with the physical size of the simulated pore. It is then concluded that the fundamental validity of the pore flow models in the case of tight membranes is yet unsettled, theoretically, but empirically its validity seems confirmed in some instances.
{"title":"Pore flow models and their applicability.","authors":"M N Sarbolouki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pore flow models are classified and concisely reviewed, and it is shown that despite their apparent differences, they are equivalent. It is proven that the difference between the classic formula of Guerout-Elford-Ferry and the most recent ones developed by Pappenheimer-Ussing and Kedem-Katchalsky, is due to the introduction of a more proper viscosity coefficient for the water inside the membranes in the newer formulae. Fundamental assumptions involved in the models are restated and criteria for their applicability are mentioned. Arguments regarding the fundamental validity of the pore size formulae when applied to tight membranes, where continum hydrodynamics become questionable, are reviewed. Recent theoretical analysis of the situtation by Mikulecky, where he shows the calculated pore size merely reflects the extent of the membrane-water interaction is briefly presented. It is argued that since his analysis neglects the influence of the membrane-water interaction on the viscosity coefficient, his treatment is far from conclusive. In support of this argument, the results of the Kinetic studies of Levitt based on direct simulation through molecular dynamics is presented where water molecules (considered as non-interacting hard spheres of 1A radius) are observed in a rigid cylindrical pores of 3.2A in radius and 11A long. The pore size, calculated following the procedures of pore flow models, is in good agreement with the physical size of the simulated pore. It is then concluded that the fundamental validity of the pore flow models in the case of tight membranes is yet unsettled, theoretically, but empirically its validity seems confirmed in some instances.</p>","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12397911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study on macroporours IX resins and the pore structure. In addition to ion exchange reactions, macroporous ion exchange resins also show adsorptive properties which are due to the large pores of the resin beads and to the inner surface inside the beads. To measure this surface and the pore radii requires very precise fixation of the condition existing prior to the drying of the water-moist resin beads. Such stabilizing fixation can be achieved by displacing the regain water by isopropyl alcohol and subsequent drying for measuring the pore data.
{"title":"Determination of the inner surface of macroporous ion exchange resins.","authors":"F Martinola, A Meyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Study on macroporours IX resins and the pore structure. In addition to ion exchange reactions, macroporous ion exchange resins also show adsorptive properties which are due to the large pores of the resin beads and to the inner surface inside the beads. To measure this surface and the pore radii requires very precise fixation of the condition existing prior to the drying of the water-moist resin beads. Such stabilizing fixation can be achieved by displacing the regain water by isopropyl alcohol and subsequent drying for measuring the pore data.</p>","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12397910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infrared and NMR measurements on solutions of lithium and cesium dinonylnaphtalene sulfonates (DNNS-salts) in heptane show that the state of water in these systems is in several respects similar to its state in solid ion exchange resins and in some respects also similar to that in ordinary water. The two cations differ in their interaction with the sulfonic acid group at low water contents, the interaction being stronger for Li+. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements on LiDNNS show that the state of lithium both in DNNS and in solid resins is quite different from that of lithium salts in aqueous solutions of the corresponding concentration.
{"title":"On the properties of solid and liquid ion exchangers. II. Infrared and NMR studies of lithium and cesium salts of dinonylnaphtalene sulfonic acid in heptane.","authors":"V Soldatov, L Odberg, E Högfeldt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infrared and NMR measurements on solutions of lithium and cesium dinonylnaphtalene sulfonates (DNNS-salts) in heptane show that the state of water in these systems is in several respects similar to its state in solid ion exchange resins and in some respects also similar to that in ordinary water. The two cations differ in their interaction with the sulfonic acid group at low water contents, the interaction being stronger for Li+. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements on LiDNNS show that the state of lithium both in DNNS and in solid resins is quite different from that of lithium salts in aqueous solutions of the corresponding concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12397915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel technique for the study of dry process membranes during their nascent phases.","authors":"R E Kesting","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15942806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the mechanism of ion exchange in crystalline zirconium phosphates. IX. The effect of crystallinity on Cs+ H+ exchange of alpha-zirconium phosphate.","authors":"A Clearfield, A Oskarsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15944722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chitosan membranes.","authors":"R A Muzzarelli, A Isolati, A Ferrero","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15945389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transport phenomena in ion exchange membranes. Membrane potentials and solvent transference.","authors":"S D'Alessandro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15949589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noise measurements on ion transport across ion exchange membranes.","authors":"M E Green","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77184,"journal":{"name":"Ion exchange and membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15559176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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