Mucosal immunity, which many marine organisms carry with them, has become a topic of interest due to the characteristics and immunocompetent diversity of the commensal microbiota in response to immediate contact in their environment, which harbors biological, chemical and physical risks. The objective of this review was to evaluate the composition, mechanisms and importance of the mucosal microbiome in marine organisms and to lay the foundations on sustainable, viable and systematic strategies for immunomodulatory surfaces. The bibliographic search was carried out in google search, obtaining 38 bibliographic references, mainly scientific articles in English and Spanish. The results indicate that this mucus or defense organ in marine organisms harbors antigenic bacterial communities with a range of cells, probiotic, innate protective and adaptive molecules, which give specific and solid responses for disease control. There is a greater microbiota associated with environmental diversity on the external surfaces (gills and skin), while there is a more stable habitat for these specialized communities in the fish intestine. This diversity is highly variable and can depend on the species and geographic location. In conclusion, we found a great diversity of bacteria on mucosal surfaces, and that these could be a reservoir of bacterial diversity, suggesting a coevolution between bacteria - host - ecological parameters. However, the study of natural bacteria doing chemotaxis in the mucosa of some marine organisms would be interesting.
{"title":"COMPOSICIÓN, MECANISMOS E IMPORTANCIA DEL MICROBIOMA MUCOSO EN ORGANISMOS MARINOS","authors":"Arena Vidal-Márquez","doi":"10.24039/RTB20211921023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB20211921023","url":null,"abstract":"Mucosal immunity, which many marine organisms carry with them, has become a topic of interest due to the characteristics and immunocompetent diversity of the commensal microbiota in response to immediate contact in their environment, which harbors biological, chemical and physical risks. The objective of this review was to evaluate the composition, mechanisms and importance of the mucosal microbiome in marine organisms and to lay the foundations on sustainable, viable and systematic strategies for immunomodulatory surfaces. The bibliographic search was carried out in google search, obtaining 38 bibliographic references, mainly scientific articles in English and Spanish. The results indicate that this mucus or defense organ in marine organisms harbors antigenic bacterial communities with a range of cells, probiotic, innate protective and adaptive molecules, which give specific and solid responses for disease control. There is a greater microbiota associated with environmental diversity on the external surfaces (gills and skin), while there is a more stable habitat for these specialized communities in the fish intestine. This diversity is highly variable and can depend on the species and geographic location. In conclusion, we found a great diversity of bacteria on mucosal surfaces, and that these could be a reservoir of bacterial diversity, suggesting a coevolution between bacteria - host - ecological parameters. However, the study of natural bacteria doing chemotaxis in the mucosa of some marine organisms would be interesting.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89784935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the environmental risk (ERA) of alpha-cypermethrin and imidacloprid, individually and as a mixture, was evaluated on Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). The mean lethal concentration (LC50) values for alpha-cypermethrin and imidacloprid individually were 341.1 mg·kg-1 and 2.34 mg·kg-1 at 14 d of exposure, respectively, being the most toxic imidacloprid. A reduction in dry and wet weight was observed in E. fetida, for both pesticides. The mixture did not show a significant dose-response relationship at LC50; However, the values of NOEC (concentration at which no effect is observed) and LOEC (lowest concentration at which effect is observed), corresponding to wet and dry weight, presented a significant relationship. The analysis of toxic units (TU) established an antagonistic behavior of both pesticides. The evasion test showed a relationship with the presence of the toxin in the mixture, however the same did not occur in the individual tests. In general, none of the chemical compounds is considered a highly toxic compound and they do not represent a significant risk at an acute level based on mortality for E. fetida, but sublethal effects could be presented in organisms due to growth impairment.
{"title":"EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO AMBIENTAL DE LA MEZCLA DE ALFA-CIPERMETRINA E IMIDACLOPRID SOBRE LA LOMBRIZ DE TIERRA (EISENIA FETIDA) (SAVIGNY, 1826)","authors":"Elsa María Arrázola-Vásquez, José Iannacone","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191898","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the environmental risk (ERA) of alpha-cypermethrin and imidacloprid, individually and as a mixture, was evaluated on Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). The mean lethal concentration (LC50) values for alpha-cypermethrin and imidacloprid individually were 341.1 mg·kg-1 and 2.34 mg·kg-1 at 14 d of exposure, respectively, being the most toxic imidacloprid. A reduction in dry and wet weight was observed in E. fetida, for both pesticides. The mixture did not show a significant dose-response relationship at LC50; However, the values of NOEC (concentration at which no effect is observed) and LOEC (lowest concentration at which effect is observed), corresponding to wet and dry weight, presented a significant relationship. The analysis of toxic units (TU) established an antagonistic behavior of both pesticides. The evasion test showed a relationship with the presence of the toxin in the mixture, however the same did not occur in the individual tests. In general, none of the chemical compounds is considered a highly toxic compound and they do not represent a significant risk at an acute level based on mortality for E. fetida, but sublethal effects could be presented in organisms due to growth impairment.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"373 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72541122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering other pathogens in febrile syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic is a necessity in primary health care and reverts to greater relevance in the examination of the oral cavity. With the objective of describing a case of a young patient with suspected COVID-19, who is diagnosed with streptococcal gingivostomatitis, this article is carried out. Reference is made to the symptoms and signs shared by both entities and to the reports of research studies that attribute new clinical manifestations in the oral cavity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
{"title":"GINGIVOESTOMATITIS ESTREPTOCÓCICA EN TIEMPO DE COVID-19","authors":"Viviana Yanin Llerena-Noda, B. Toledo-Pimentel, Rigoberto Fimia-Duarte, Yaumara Aguilera-Calzadilla, Milagros Carmona-Escanaverino","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191890","url":null,"abstract":"Considering other pathogens in febrile syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic is a necessity in primary health care and reverts to greater relevance in the examination of the oral cavity. With the objective of describing a case of a young patient with suspected COVID-19, who is diagnosed with streptococcal gingivostomatitis, this article is carried out. Reference is made to the symptoms and signs shared by both entities and to the reports of research studies that attribute new clinical manifestations in the oral cavity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73669144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Godoy-León, Merlin Garí-Llanes, Jorge Hidalgo-Mesa, Rigoberto Fimia-Duarte
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, early atherogenic signs are present from the earliest stages of life and can persist into adulthood if effective measures are not taken. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 212 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age from the province of Villa Clara, Cuba. The personal and family history of atherosclerotic risk was collected, an anthropometric examination (weight, height, body mass index, total cholesterol and triglycerides study were indicated. Nutritional status was evaluated by Cuban BMI tables and the results of CT / TG by national reference values. It was found that the majority of adolescents were male and that almost all of them presented atherogenic signs, hypertension and obesity predominated as personal and family pathological antecedents of atherogenic risk. Almost half of the children studied presented more than three atherogenic signs.
{"title":"SEÑALES ATEROGÉNICAS TEMPRANAS EN EDAD PEDIÁTRICA, VILLA CLARA, CUBA","authors":"Richard Godoy-León, Merlin Garí-Llanes, Jorge Hidalgo-Mesa, Rigoberto Fimia-Duarte","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191888","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, early atherogenic signs are present from the earliest stages of life and can persist into adulthood if effective measures are not taken. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 212 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age from the province of Villa Clara, Cuba. The personal and family history of atherosclerotic risk was collected, an anthropometric examination (weight, height, body mass index, total cholesterol and triglycerides study were indicated. Nutritional status was evaluated by Cuban BMI tables and the results of CT / TG by national reference values. It was found that the majority of adolescents were male and that almost all of them presented atherogenic signs, hypertension and obesity predominated as personal and family pathological antecedents of atherogenic risk. Almost half of the children studied presented more than three atherogenic signs.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76644340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several countries are extremely susceptible to climate change and the El Nino-costero phenomenon affected more than two million people in Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. We aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of stagnant waters in Lambayeque region, Peru during the lockdown caused by El Nino-costero phenomenon. We conducted a cross-sectional study performed in the four Lambayeque’s districts: (Chiclayo’s downtown, Mocupe, San Jose, and Pimentel), Peru. Two simultaneous samples were taken from each evaluation districts and were transported to Laboratory for their entire microbiological analysis. We isolate of human-pathogenic parasite ( Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1771) and Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903) , and bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 and Salmonella typhi (Schroeter, 1886)) that showed patterns of resistance to conventional first-line antimicrobials (penicillin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and chloramphenicol). Likewise, we showed evidence of microorganisms related to the sampling site (district) and with the degree of affectation by the phenomenon. Our result suggests that the stagnant waters of four districts of Lambayeque presented Human-pathogenic parasites and bacteria of high-medical importance by the sudden changes in the climate through El Nino-costero phenomenon.
{"title":"BACTERIAS Y PARÁSITOS PATÓGENOS HUMANOS AISLADOS DE AGUAS ESTANCADAS DURANTE EL FENÓMENO EL NIÑO-COSTERO EN PERÚ","authors":"J. Moya-Salazar, Sandra C. Díaz","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191886","url":null,"abstract":"Several countries are extremely susceptible to climate change and the El Nino-costero phenomenon affected more than two million people in Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. We aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of stagnant waters in Lambayeque region, Peru during the lockdown caused by El Nino-costero phenomenon. We conducted a cross-sectional study performed in the four Lambayeque’s districts: (Chiclayo’s downtown, Mocupe, San Jose, and Pimentel), Peru. Two simultaneous samples were taken from each evaluation districts and were transported to Laboratory for their entire microbiological analysis. We isolate of human-pathogenic parasite ( Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1771) and Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903) , and bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 and Salmonella typhi (Schroeter, 1886)) that showed patterns of resistance to conventional first-line antimicrobials (penicillin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and chloramphenicol). Likewise, we showed evidence of microorganisms related to the sampling site (district) and with the degree of affectation by the phenomenon. Our result suggests that the stagnant waters of four districts of Lambayeque presented Human-pathogenic parasites and bacteria of high-medical importance by the sudden changes in the climate through El Nino-costero phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87865112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. C. Ch, J. Sotelo, Benjamin Barriga Gamarra, Julio Guevara Guevara, John Lozano Jauregui, Juan Lengua Arteaga, Gonzalo Solano
Esta investigacion explica las aplicaciones de reconstruccion tridimensional (3D) para las imagenes de las familias COVID-19, segun la busqueda de la correlacion entre el modelo matematico "evento por evento" con efecto antiviral sobre el virus, ademas, el modelo matematico obtenido de la reconstruccion 3D esta correlacionado con "Un modelado matematico general para las respuestas inmunitarias". Por lo tanto, el algoritmo disenado, proporciona apoyo a los medicos a traves de un analisis grafico y predicciones con respecto a "?Que sucede con el virus antes de aplicar una accion como los medicamentos contra la malaria?". Muchos paises estan tratando de encontrar la vacuna contra COVID 19; sin embargo, muchos paises solo tienen estrategias estadisticas dadas por las restricciones de desplazamiento de la poblacion, lo cual no es suficiente para evitar la rapida transmision del virus. Por lo tanto, en esta investigacion se propone un analisis matematico para tratar el virus mediante un modelo predictivo basado en la reconstruccion de imagenes 3D del COVID 19, correlacionada con aplicaciones de analisis antiviral. Como consecuencia del modelo disenado, el medico puede predecir las respuestas de las celulas danadas por el virus despues de aplicar antivirales o plasma sobre ellas. El algoritmo proporcionado se elabora para ser un soporte para el tratamiento del COVID 19.
{"title":"ALGORITMO DE RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE EVENTOS PARA LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN 3D DE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19), SEGÚN EL ESTUDIO DE SU REACCIÓN A TRAVÉS DEL TRATAMIENTO DE ANÁLISIS ANTIVIRAL","authors":"J. A. C. Ch, J. Sotelo, Benjamin Barriga Gamarra, Julio Guevara Guevara, John Lozano Jauregui, Juan Lengua Arteaga, Gonzalo Solano","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191884","url":null,"abstract":"Esta investigacion explica las aplicaciones de reconstruccion tridimensional (3D) para las imagenes de las familias COVID-19, segun la busqueda de la correlacion entre el modelo matematico \"evento por evento\" con efecto antiviral sobre el virus, ademas, el modelo matematico obtenido de la reconstruccion 3D esta correlacionado con \"Un modelado matematico general para las respuestas inmunitarias\". Por lo tanto, el algoritmo disenado, proporciona apoyo a los medicos a traves de un analisis grafico y predicciones con respecto a \"?Que sucede con el virus antes de aplicar una accion como los medicamentos contra la malaria?\". Muchos paises estan tratando de encontrar la vacuna contra COVID 19; sin embargo, muchos paises solo tienen estrategias estadisticas dadas por las restricciones de desplazamiento de la poblacion, lo cual no es suficiente para evitar la rapida transmision del virus. Por lo tanto, en esta investigacion se propone un analisis matematico para tratar el virus mediante un modelo predictivo basado en la reconstruccion de imagenes 3D del COVID 19, correlacionada con aplicaciones de analisis antiviral. Como consecuencia del modelo disenado, el medico puede predecir las respuestas de las celulas danadas por el virus despues de aplicar antivirales o plasma sobre ellas. El algoritmo proporcionado se elabora para ser un soporte para el tratamiento del COVID 19.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81578010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of citrus by-products was evaluated through the fermentation of the orange peel by means of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem strain, 1867, which was obtained by inoculation in a petri dish, at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 4,3. The crushed orange peel was used as a substrate, partially dehydrated, spread on trays, dried in cardboard trays and without heat pretreatment, adding only components and mineral nutrients, and A. niger was cultivated at different fermentation temperatures between 8°C and 40 °C. Upon completion of the fermentation process of the pretreated orange peel, maximum percentages of transformation of mineral nitrogen to organic nitrogen of 34.5% were obtained, for a value of the thermal integral between 0°C and 320°C per day, obtaining for a kg of dry matter, 6.6% protein for 600 g of product (feed) with 18% protein. Finally, the variation of the pH of the substrate was correlated as a function of the thermal integral of the crop; the performance of the transformation of mineral to organic nitrogen as a function of the thermal integral of the crop and the evolution of the organic nitrogen content of the orange substrate fermented by A. niger compared to the thermal integral. The results show high correlation coefficients. It is concluded that it is possible to take advantage of citrus by-products by fermentation of the orange peel by A. niger .
利用1867年黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger van Tieghem)菌株在培养皿中接种获得，温度为35℃，pH为4,3，通过发酵柑橘皮来评估柑橘副产物的利用。以碾碎的橘子皮为底物，部分脱水，铺在托盘上，在纸板托盘中干燥，不进行热处理预处理，只添加组分和矿质营养物质，在8℃~ 40℃的不同发酵温度下培养黑曲霉。在完成预处理橘皮的发酵过程后，矿物氮转化为有机氮的最大百分比为34.5%，热积分值在每天0°C至320°C之间，对于每公斤干物质，600克产品(饲料)，蛋白质含量为18%，获得6.6%的蛋白质。最后，基质pH值的变化与作物的热积分相关;矿物向有机氮转化的表现与作物热积分的关系，以及黑曲霉发酵的橙底物有机氮含量与热积分的关系。结果显示出较高的相关系数。结果表明，利用黑曲霉发酵柑橘果皮是可行的。
{"title":"APROVECHAMIENTO DE SUBPRODUCTOS CÍTRICOS: FERMENTACIÓN DE LA CORTEZA DE NARANJA POR ASPERGILLUS NIGER VAN TIEGHEM, 1867","authors":"Olegario Marín-Machuca, José Iannacone, Raúl Ernesto Porras-Lavalle, Fredy Aníbal Alvarado-Zambrano, Ahuber Omar Vásquez-Aranda, Ricardo Arnaldo Alvarado-Zambrano","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191882","url":null,"abstract":"The use of citrus by-products was evaluated through the fermentation of the orange peel by means of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem strain, 1867, which was obtained by inoculation in a petri dish, at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 4,3. The crushed orange peel was used as a substrate, partially dehydrated, spread on trays, dried in cardboard trays and without heat pretreatment, adding only components and mineral nutrients, and A. niger was cultivated at different fermentation temperatures between 8°C and 40 °C. Upon completion of the fermentation process of the pretreated orange peel, maximum percentages of transformation of mineral nitrogen to organic nitrogen of 34.5% were obtained, for a value of the thermal integral between 0°C and 320°C per day, obtaining for a kg of dry matter, 6.6% protein for 600 g of product (feed) with 18% protein. Finally, the variation of the pH of the substrate was correlated as a function of the thermal integral of the crop; the performance of the transformation of mineral to organic nitrogen as a function of the thermal integral of the crop and the evolution of the organic nitrogen content of the orange substrate fermented by A. niger compared to the thermal integral. The results show high correlation coefficients. It is concluded that it is possible to take advantage of citrus by-products by fermentation of the orange peel by A. niger .","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77369845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denisse Tejeda-Arenas, Alejandra Medina-Jasso, M. Nieves-Soto, Mayra I. Grano-Maldonado
The objective of this study was to determine the presence of metazoan parasites and epibionts in the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein) inhabiting two coastal and fishing localities in the Mexican Pacific state of Sinaloa. 30 oysters were collected in the fishing cooperative of Playa Norte in the bay of Mazatlan, Sinaloa and a comparison made with the presence of parasites in oysters in the "Ceuta"coastal lagoon. Inspection of oysters in the coastal lagoon revealed the presence of 36 encapsulated metacercariae of the Acanthocolpidae family in the gonad of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis . Six metacercariae were found in the Mazatlan bay Playa Norte area: three of sp. 1 (Family Hemiuridae) in the mantle, a specimen of sp. 2 (Family Fellodistomidae) in the digestive gland and a metacercaria sp3. unidentified in the mantle and a metacercaria (Family Zoogonidae) in the digestive gland; two free-living nematodes of the genus Theristus sp. As epibiont organisms, seven specimens of polychaetes of the Nereididae family were found in the shell of oysters. This work reports for the first time the invasion of the digenean Stephanostomum sp Looss, 1899 of the family Acanthocolpidae, a parasite of the gonad of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis in the Mexican Pacific, as well as the presence of digeneans belonging to the Fellodistomidae, Hemiuridae and Zoogoniade families. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge on the biology, biodiversity and host preference of these parasites, with possible implications in the health risks posed by human consumption of the pleasure oyster, with great regionalization in the consumption of shellfish raw foods that have a broad gastronomic social identity in these coastal areas in the Mexican Pacific.
{"title":"PARÁSITOS METAZOARIOS Y OTROS EPIBIONTES EN EL OSTIÓN DEL PLACER CRASSOSTREA CORTEZIENSIS (HERTLEIN, 1951) EN DOS ZONAS COSTERAS DEL PACÍFICO MEXICANO","authors":"Denisse Tejeda-Arenas, Alejandra Medina-Jasso, M. Nieves-Soto, Mayra I. Grano-Maldonado","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191883","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the presence of metazoan parasites and epibionts in the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein) inhabiting two coastal and fishing localities in the Mexican Pacific state of Sinaloa. 30 oysters were collected in the fishing cooperative of Playa Norte in the bay of Mazatlan, Sinaloa and a comparison made with the presence of parasites in oysters in the \"Ceuta\"coastal lagoon. Inspection of oysters in the coastal lagoon revealed the presence of 36 encapsulated metacercariae of the Acanthocolpidae family in the gonad of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis . Six metacercariae were found in the Mazatlan bay Playa Norte area: three of sp. 1 (Family Hemiuridae) in the mantle, a specimen of sp. 2 (Family Fellodistomidae) in the digestive gland and a metacercaria sp3. unidentified in the mantle and a metacercaria (Family Zoogonidae) in the digestive gland; two free-living nematodes of the genus Theristus sp. As epibiont organisms, seven specimens of polychaetes of the Nereididae family were found in the shell of oysters. This work reports for the first time the invasion of the digenean Stephanostomum sp Looss, 1899 of the family Acanthocolpidae, a parasite of the gonad of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis in the Mexican Pacific, as well as the presence of digeneans belonging to the Fellodistomidae, Hemiuridae and Zoogoniade families. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge on the biology, biodiversity and host preference of these parasites, with possible implications in the health risks posed by human consumption of the pleasure oyster, with great regionalization in the consumption of shellfish raw foods that have a broad gastronomic social identity in these coastal areas in the Mexican Pacific.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86023929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The behavioral variation of diversity in different altitudinal scales is one of the variables that have been least studied in aquatic insects, therefore, the objective of this research was to establish how the composition varies of the Trichoptera order present in the Palmar river, Cundinamarca, Colombia with regarding the altitudinal gradient, determining the particular physicochemical conditions that are distributed from its source to its mouth, during the months of September 2018 to February 2019, the capture of individuals was carried out using a Surber network and a type D network, the physicochemical parameters were measured in situ. 3,838 specimens belonging to 10 families and 18 genera were collected, of which the first report of the Anchitrichia (Flint, 1970), Cerasmatrichia (Flint et al ., 1994) and Neotrichia (Morton, 1905) genera of the Hydroptilidae family for Cundinamarca is made. The tricopterofauna in the evaluated areas showed a variation at a spatial level, exhibiting the highest richness and abundance in the Ubaque area. The genera Atopsyche (Banks, 1905), Helicopsyche (Siebold, 1856) and Smicridea (McLachlan, 1871) presented the highest distribution ranges as they were present in all areas. The canonical correspondence analysis carried out showed that pH and temperature are the variables that have the greatest weight in the distribution of larvae.
水生昆虫在不同高度尺度上的多样性行为变化是研究最少的变量之一，因此，本研究的目的是确定哥伦比亚Cundinamarca Palmar河中存在的毛翅目的组成变化与海拔梯度的关系，确定从源头到河口分布的特定物理化学条件。在2018年9月至2019年2月期间，使用Surber网络和D型网络进行了个体捕获，并在现场测量了物理化学参数。共采集标本3838份，分属10科18属，其中首次报道了Cundinamarca Hydroptilidae的Anchitrichia (Flint, 1970)、Cerasmatrichia (Flint et al .， 1994)和Neotrichia (Morton, 1905)属。三翼动物群在空间水平上存在差异，尤巴克地区的丰富度和丰度最高。Atopsyche属(Banks, 1905年)、helicopter属(Siebold, 1856年)和Smicridea属(McLachlan, 1871年)在所有地区均有分布，分布范围最高。典型对应分析表明，pH和温度是幼虫分布中权重最大的变量。
{"title":"TRICOPTEROFAUNA DEL RÍO PALMAR, CUNDINAMARCA, COLOMBIA","authors":"Geraldine González-Vargas, A. García-García","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191881","url":null,"abstract":"The behavioral variation of diversity in different altitudinal scales is one of the variables that have been least studied in aquatic insects, therefore, the objective of this research was to establish how the composition varies of the Trichoptera order present in the Palmar river, Cundinamarca, Colombia with regarding the altitudinal gradient, determining the particular physicochemical conditions that are distributed from its source to its mouth, during the months of September 2018 to February 2019, the capture of individuals was carried out using a Surber network and a type D network, the physicochemical parameters were measured in situ. 3,838 specimens belonging to 10 families and 18 genera were collected, of which the first report of the Anchitrichia (Flint, 1970), Cerasmatrichia (Flint et al ., 1994) and Neotrichia (Morton, 1905) genera of the Hydroptilidae family for Cundinamarca is made. The tricopterofauna in the evaluated areas showed a variation at a spatial level, exhibiting the highest richness and abundance in the Ubaque area. The genera Atopsyche (Banks, 1905), Helicopsyche (Siebold, 1856) and Smicridea (McLachlan, 1871) presented the highest distribution ranges as they were present in all areas. The canonical correspondence analysis carried out showed that pH and temperature are the variables that have the greatest weight in the distribution of larvae.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77025993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metals in male and female specimens of the bivalve Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819) were evaluated. The organisms were collected from Guayacan, Sucre State, Venezuela. The concentrations Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn were determined in the tissues: gonad (G), muscle (M), hepatopancreas (H) and rest (R) by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) coupled to a Perkin Elmer brand equipment. The gonadosomatic index (IGS) showed significant differences (Kw= 31.68; P < 0.01), showing its highest value in February (19.67 ± 0.43) and the lowest in June (13.26 ± 0.43). Metal concentrations showed significant differences between the analyzed tissues; showing in general a greater accumulation of metals in the H and R. Significant monthly variations of metals were shown in the tissues with the highest concentrations of Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn between April and May. The PCA analysis determines that IGS is associated with the incorporation of metals. These monthly variations in the metals analyzed can be explained by the bioavailability of these elements partly determined by the high levels of chlorophyll a, which is characteristic of the outcrop in the northeastern area of the country and by the variation in the reproductive cycle of the species studied.
{"title":"METALES PESADOS EN EL BIVALVO ATRINA SEMINUDA (LAMARCK, 1819) (PTERIOIDA) EN DIFERENTES ESTADIOS DE MADURACIÓN GONADAL PROVENIENTES DE GUAYACÁN, VENEZUELA","authors":"M. Lemus, Aurelina Cortecía","doi":"10.24039/RTB2021191876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24039/RTB2021191876","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals in male and female specimens of the bivalve Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819) were evaluated. The organisms were collected from Guayacan, Sucre State, Venezuela. The concentrations Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn were determined in the tissues: gonad (G), muscle (M), hepatopancreas (H) and rest (R) by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) coupled to a Perkin Elmer brand equipment. The gonadosomatic index (IGS) showed significant differences (Kw= 31.68; P < 0.01), showing its highest value in February (19.67 ± 0.43) and the lowest in June (13.26 ± 0.43). Metal concentrations showed significant differences between the analyzed tissues; showing in general a greater accumulation of metals in the H and R. Significant monthly variations of metals were shown in the tissues with the highest concentrations of Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn between April and May. The PCA analysis determines that IGS is associated with the incorporation of metals. These monthly variations in the metals analyzed can be explained by the bioavailability of these elements partly determined by the high levels of chlorophyll a, which is characteristic of the outcrop in the northeastern area of the country and by the variation in the reproductive cycle of the species studied.","PeriodicalId":77433,"journal":{"name":"The New biologist","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81902567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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