In this second article to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the World Health Organization in 1998, World Health Forum briefly reviews the work of the Organization, highlighting some of the wide range of activities carried out or promoted by WHO from 1961 to 1973. This period covers the remaining years of Dr M.G. Candau's tenure as Director-General and the appointment of Dr Halfdan T. Mahler who succeeded him on 21 July 1973.
Through its Division of Intensified Cooperation with Countries and Peoples in Greatest Need, WHO is giving special attention to the relationship between poverty and ill-health. The work of the Division is outlined in the present article.
WHO's health research effort is reviewed through the eyes of an outside supporter. Drawing on his 30 years of experience with particular WHO programmes and the Advisory Committee on Health Research, the author highlights some of the important changes that have occurred, and his own involvement in bringing them about.
In Australia the States, Territories, Federal Government, nongovernmental organizations and the community all contribute to public health development. Efforts are being made to build a partnership between them to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
WHO's work on child mental health began with John Bowlby's classic on the subject, written for WHO in the early 1950s. In the mid-1970s the Division of Mental Health was created, and this led to major advances in establishing a sound epidemiological and scientific basis for child mental health services. Significant contributions were made to the establishment of "biobehavioural" interventions to tackle the major causes of childhood mortality and morbidity throughout the world, and to provide better care for children with mental disorders at primary level.
Blackflies are reappearing in areas of West Africa where they used to be controlled with insecticides because they were vectors of the parasite Onchocerca volvulus. Even though they no longer transmit onchocerciasis in these areas they can hinder optimal land use through their biting behaviour. The authors discuss the problems associated with resuming the use of insecticides to control the blackfly and recommend that ground treatment be restricted to areas where it is likely to be effective on a continuing basis. In communities lacking technical and financial resources the only alternative consists of individual protection through the use of repellents or protective clothing.
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