Nichidai koku kagaku = Nihon University journal of oral science最新文献

Changes in body temperature and blood circulation wave been monitored to investigate the effect of some vasoconstrictor contained in a local anesthetic on living body. The results obtained are described below. Subjects selected were six healthy male students (23-29 years in age). Drugs used for the experiment were 3% tolycaine for local anesthetic added with 72 micrograms, 108 micrograms or 144 micrograms of epinephrine in epinephrine group; with 90 micrograms, 135 micrograms or 180 micrograms of norepinephrine in norepinephrine group, and with each 36 micrograms, 54 micrograms, 72 micrograms of epinephrine and 36 micrograms, 54 micrograms or 72 micrograms of norepinephrine in epinephrien + norepinephrine group. 1. Change in body temperature 1) Tympanic membrane temperature There was no significant difference between pre- and post injection values in all dose groups. 2) Average skin temperature in big toe The temperature was decreased significantly at 0-25 min. in epinephrine group, in norepinephrine group and in epinephrine + norepinephrine group, compared to that prior to injection. 2. Change in circulatory kinetics 1) Epinephrine group Heart rate and RPP was increased significantly at 0-40 min. (72 micrograms) and at 0-50 min. (108 micrograms and 144 micrograms) in epinephrine group. 2) Norepinephrine group In norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 5-25 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-25 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. In norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 0-25 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-30 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. In norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 0-30 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-20 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. MAP was significantly high level in mean artereial pressure of norepinephrine group at 0-20 min. compared to that prior to injection. Heart rate was increased significantly at 5-30 min. in norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, decreased significantly at 0-30 min. in norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, and decreased significantly at 0-20 min. in norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, compared to those prior to infection. RPP showed a low level at 5-20 min. in norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, at 10-15 min. in norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, and at 10 min. in norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, both being of significance when compared to those prior to injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The changes of the dental arch form after the tooth movement and the sequential changes occurred on the palate during orthodontic treatment were examined in the coordinate system based on the standard point at the palatal vault. The subjects selected for this study were 20 patients of Angle Class II div. 1. Both left and right maxillary premolars were extracted and an edgewise appliance had been treated. The plaster models prepared before and after treatment were used for materials. Only suitable materials were measured as a result of an examination of the reproducibility of the palatal core at the palatal vault. Results obtained were as follows: 1. It was suggested that the dental arch and the palate was mutually effected on each other in the arch length and the arch width. 2. The morphological changes in the dental arch and the palate due to orthodontic treatment was discussed on the basis of the results of Fourier analysis. The dental arch and the area from F division to J division were significantly smaller after orthodontic treatment than before it. The shape became closer to a semicircle. 3. Values representing morphological changes in the dental arch and J division were similar and values representing morphological changes in the other division were getting smaller as the area being close to the palatal vault.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of lidocaine (Lid) and its metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX), was performed in a dog bearing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 0.75 ml/kg ip)-induced acute hepatitis. Following pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg iv) anesthesia, lidocaine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg iv) was given and arterial blood was drawn 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. Lid and its metabolites in plasma were extracted with chloroform-hexane-isopropanol (60 : 30 : 10), and organic layer was dried down at 50 degrees C under N2. The residue was dissolved in 50mM phosphoric acid and subjected to HPLC analysis. 4-compartment model was introduced to analyze pharmacokinetic parameters, and which gave the most reasonable fit with actual results. Control experiment was carried out using identical dog with acute hepatitis. The following results were given: 1) Elimination of Lid was slightly depressed, but T1/2 was not altered. Plasma level of Lid was kept higher. 2) As for MEGX, the formation was depressed, and upto 23 min after Lid administration, MEGX concentration in the dog with acute hepatitis was lower than that of control, but after 23 min it was vice versa. 3) As for GX, the formation was depressed, but the elimination was not affected. In the dog with CCl4-induced hepatitis, metabolism of Lid was suppressed, and which resulted in maintaining a relatively higher levels of Lid and MEGX concentration in plasma. These results suggested that care should be taken to avoid acute poisoning with Lid especially in patients with acute hepatitis.

In definite diagnosis of this cyst, it is deemed that a comprehensive diagnosis is required including operative findings upon its extraction and the pathohistological findings of the extracted matter in addition to the radiographic and clinical findings, such as one that the region of development is between the maxillary lateral incisor and the cuspid, one that the adjacent teeth are vital ones, etc. Thus, we examined 10 cases that we had defined as the subjects of so-called Globulomaxillary cyst by clinical and pathohistological findings in terms of the developmental region, size, border, etc. As a result, the following things turned out: 1. The median positions of cystic development existed 8 cases in left side and 2 cases in right side out of 10 cases. And this median positions could be divided into those between the central incisor and the lateral incisor (5 cases) and those between the lateral incisor and the cuspid (5 cases). 2. The pathohistological findings led to the following classification; 2 cases with no inflammation, 5 cases with inflammation, and 3 cases with present inflammation in the past. The border line of cyst on radiographic findings tended to be relatively unclear in the cases with inflammation in the past.

Periodontal disease is a chlonic inflammatory disorder, and for which oral microbes are supposed to be responsible. Among oral microbials, gram-negative bacterias have been studied extensively in relation to periodontal disease for their pathogenicity due to their lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exocellular enzymes or bacterial toxin. As for gram-positive bacterials, it has been reported recently that gram-positive bacteria can elicit immunological responses, and this may be responsible for the initiation and/or development of periodontal disease. However, precise mechanisms of bacterial action, especially of gram-positive bacteria, on periodontal disease have not been elucidated yet. In this experiment, therefore, gram-positive bacteria (S. epidermidis), peptidoglycan subunits of S. epidermidis (SEPS) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) were used to investigate for their activities to stimulate spleen mononuclear cells to replicate and produce various kinds of cytokines. Immunological responsibilities of various strains of mice were explored to investigate the difference of defence of mechanisms. Following results were obtained. (1) S. epidermidis itself showed a extremely low cell-mediated activity to stimulate the replication of spleen mononuclear cells in contrast to E. coli. Staphylococcal phage lysate and SEPS stimulated remarkally the replication of spleen mononuclear cells. (2) The stimulation of spleen mononuclear cells was accompanied by the production of interleukin 3 (IL-3) and colony stimulating factor (CSF), but interleukin 2(IL-2) was not produced as in the case of E. coli. (3) Analysis of cell surface antigens revealed the increase of the numbers of Ia+ and Mac-2+ bone marrow cells following stimulation of spleen mononuclear cells with SEPS. However, T or B cells were not increased. (4) Macrophage-depleted and antisera Ia-treated spleen mononuclear cells showed a marked decrease of replicating activity of spleen mononuclear cells. (5) Among the various strains of mice tested C3H/HeN, Balb/c, AKR, DBA/2, C57BL/6, ddY, C3H/HeJ, MRL/lpr and showed a high immunological responses, but Balb/c did not. C3C/HeJ and MRL/lpr also lacked immunological reactivity. These results suggest that proliferative response of lymphocyte with peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacterium is very important for infection and its defensive reaction against gram-positive bacteria.

The orthodontic treatment has become simple since the straight arch wire technique was introduced. From then onwards, various improvements have been made on this new method. One of them was to make a bracket small in size. The result was that the effect of wire become more excellent because of the distance between two brackets being changed longer by this small bracket and the disgraceful feeling of patients with bracket was reduced by this one. We call this one mini-bracket. This author has applied it clinically and has gotten good results. And so, the author summarizes the orthodontic points of two case reports of orthodontic treatment using the straight arch wire technique with mini-bracket.

In case of occlusion, the mandible is elevated by the muscles of mastication with T. M. J. as the fulcrum point, and at this time, the masticatory force concentrated mainly on the dental arch is absorbed into the jaw bone through the periodontal tissues. Therefore, it is of great significance for the study of prosthodontics to assess what distribution of mechanical strain the maxillar and mandibular bones exhibit to occlusal force at mastication. Very many studies have been made to clarify this point, but many of them were analyses of stress pattern when a tooth (a point) is under force on models prepared on the assumption that a tooth is planted on the jaw bone, but there are only very few studies which made analysis of stress pattern when the mandible is under force by elevating it mainly along the direction of the M. masseter upon positioning the bone similarly as in vivo mechanism. With the purpose of assessing the distribution of mechanical strain received when the mandible is elevated by the muscle of mastication, the author has assessed the change in the stress distribution under 2 conditions of light and hard tensile forces by setting the M. masseter form the center of the inferior border of the zygomatic bone and center of the zygomatic arch to the mandibular angles on the assumption that self memory alloy takes the places of the M. masseter (the masseter) and M. temporalis (the temporalis) on the experimental model. As a result, the following conclusions have been reached: 1. When the origin of the masseter is at the center of the inferior border of the zygomatic bone, the maximum exhibited tensile strain at all the measuring points both under light and hard tensile forces. Under light tensile force, the minimum strain showed compressive strain in the region from the lower canine to the lower first under hard tensile force, the minimum strain exhibited tensile strain at all measuring points. The amount of strain under hard tensile force exceeded the amount under light tensile force. 2. When the origin of the masseter is at the center of the zygomatic arch, the maximum strain showed tensile strain at all the measuring points both under light and hard tensile foece. The minimum strain exhibited compressive strain at all the measuring points both under light and hard tensile foece. The amount of strain under hard tensile force always exceeded the amount under light tensile force.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Composite resin materials are now widely used for dental therapy. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of composite resins on gingiva and pulp in case of application of them for temporally splint in periodontal treatment. 60 teeth in 6 female dogs ranging between 1 and 2 years of age with healty teeth and gingiva were divieded to 4 groups; (1) 12 teeth, controls; (2) 12 teeth, self-cured composite resin (Clearfil F II, CF II); (3) 18 teeth, light-cured resin (Belfel LX, BLX), curing time 20 sec. and (4) 18 teeth, BLX, 40 sec., and then 48 class V composite resins were restored supragingivally. The experimental procedure were carried out for 5 days and 30 days. Histopathological observations of 60 teeth inclusive of controls were made by applying to specimens with Hematoxylin eosin staining. For the materials and time periods in this study it was found that; 1. Light-cured composite resin was superior to self-cured composite resin on handlings. 2. There were no significant differences in periodontium between the experimentals (BLX, CF II) and controls in 5 days. At the 30 days the histologic score showed more gingivitis for the experimental teeth than for the controls (BLX-40 greater than BLX-20 greater than CF II greater than Cont.). 3. At 5 days hyperemia occurred in some cases of experimentals (both BLX and CF II). The appearance of predentin and changes of odontblastic layer were observed slightly in 30 days. But there were no significant differences between BLX and CF II. 4. The result suggested that applying to composite resin materials for temporally splint, both gingiva and pulp have to be protected.

Lower incisors of 6 rabbits (about 3.5 kg, Japanese white, male) were observed by the electron microscopy. The life cycle of rabbit incisor odontoblast is classified into 4 stages by the dentine structure; 1st is outer, 2nd is middle, 3rd is inner and the 4th layer, that is the secondary dentine filling in the center of pulp. Fibrous intranuclear rodlets were observed in the odontoblast of late 2nd and 3rd stages, which forms thick inner half dentine. The odontoblasts of 2nd stage were tall and matrix formation cells, containing well developed golgi apparatus, many RER and secretory granules. The 3rd stage odontoblasts were short and formed the vaso-dentine in the lingual side. Intranuclear rodlets, about 5 nm thick, consisted of 5-20 fibrous or tubular structures. The arrangement of rodlets had no relation to the cell axis. These intranuclear rodlets might be observed only in the last stage odontoblast in the rat incisor. The morphological observations show 1) the term of life cycle of rabbit odontoblast may be more longer than the rat, 2) the intranuclear rodlets may be caused by the stress on the odontoblastic function such as the heat-shock treated fibroblasts.

Seventy two cases of selection error of upper anterior artificial teeth due to the esthetic factors were investigated out of the 1,507 cases of removable dentures, which were made at the Prosthodontics department of Nihon University school of dentistry at Matsudo for 17 years from November, 1971 to November, 1988. The following were the results of the investigation. 1. Frequency of the selection errors amounted to 4.8% of the total selected cases as broken down in 1.6% by Shade and 4.0% by Mould, the rate of selection errors of the Mould being significantly high. 2. By Mould, selection errors in Ovoid type occupied a significantly high rate. 3. Regarding frequency of Mould after re-selection ST and TO occupied a high rate of 45.9%. 4. Mould of re-selection were almost uniformly small, showing a trend of intumescence becoming emphatically.