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New revolution in immunology : PDAC model 免疫学新革命:PDAC模型
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.35841/immunology.1.1.3-4
Rituparna De
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disorder and one of the most common cancer subtypes today, especially in the developed world. It is an aggressive solid malignancy characterized by painless expansion, rapid progression through metastasis and absence of distinct symptoms. These clinical features lead to delayed diagnosis, mostly, at a late metastatic stage. Only 20% of patients with PDAC can be treated [1]. The existing treatment regime includes surgical removal (resection) of the tumor along with chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy is a major problem seen. This arises due to the complex tumour microenvironment (TME) which is characterized by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), desmoplasia of the stroma and evasion of tumour surveillance leading to a multistage interaction between the neoplastic and stromal cells [1-3]. Pancreatic stellate cells are the major orchestrators of desmoplasia in PDAC. The contribution of PSCs to the development of the tumor microenvironment is manifold. The PSCs differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which produce desmoplastic stroma and two sub-populations of CAFs exist. One sub-population expresses elevated levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α SMA) while the other one distantly situated from neoplastic cells express low levels of α SMA and produce IL-6 which promotes cancer progression and immune suppression. Activated PSCs express cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules that regulate T-cell migration that are involved in immune-surveillance. CXCL12 secreted by activated PSCs serve as a chemoattractant for CD8+ T cells which show pronounced chemotaxis towards the activated PSCs [4]. Biomarkers and signaling pathways useful in PDAC for immunoprofiling.
胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)是一种致死性疾病，也是当今最常见的癌症亚型之一，特别是在发达国家。它是一种侵袭性的实体恶性肿瘤，其特点是无痛扩张，通过转移迅速进展，无明显症状。这些临床特征导致延迟诊断，主要是在晚期转移阶段。只有20%的PDAC患者可以接受bbb治疗。现有的治疗方案包括手术切除(切除)肿瘤和化疗。对化疗和放疗的耐药性是一个主要问题。这是由于复杂的肿瘤微环境(TME)导致肿瘤细胞和基质细胞之间的多阶段相互作用[1-3]，其特征是上皮细胞到间质细胞的转化(EMT)、基质的结缔组织形成和肿瘤监测的逃避。胰腺星状细胞是PDAC中结缔组织形成的主要策划者。PSCs对肿瘤微环境发展的贡献是多方面的。PSCs分化为癌症相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)，其产生间质间质，存在两个cas亚群。一个亚群α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α SMA)表达水平升高，而另一个远离肿瘤细胞的亚群α- SMA表达水平低，并产生促进肿瘤进展和免疫抑制的IL-6。活化的PSCs表达调节t细胞迁移的细胞因子、趋化因子和粘附分子，参与免疫监视。活化的PSCs分泌的CXCL12作为CD8+ T细胞的趋化剂，对活化的PSCs[4]表现出明显的趋化性。PDAC免疫分析中有用的生物标志物和信号通路。
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引用次数: 0
Joint Congress of the British Society for Immunology and the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 3-6 December 2002, Harrogate, United Kingdom. Abstracts. 英国免疫学学会和英国过敏与临床免疫学学会联合大会，2002年12月3日至6日，英国哈罗盖特。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 2002-12-01
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引用次数: 0
Joint Congress of the British Society for Immunology and the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Harrogate, United Kingdom, 30 November -3 December 1999. Abstracts. 英国免疫学学会和英国过敏和临床免疫学学会的联合大会。1999年11月30日至12月3日，英国哈罗盖特。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1999-12-01
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引用次数: 0
6th Annual Congress of the British Society for Immunology. Harrogate, United Kingdom, 1-4 December 1998. Abstracts. 第六届英国免疫学会年会。1998年12月1日至4日，英国哈罗盖特。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1998-12-01
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引用次数: 0
5th Annual Congress of the British Society for Immunology. Brighton, United Kingdom, 2-5 December, 1997. Abstracts. 第五届英国免疫学会年会。1997年12月2日至5日，英国布莱顿。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1997-12-01
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引用次数: 0
Joint Congress of the British Society for Immunology and the Biochemical Society. Harrogate, United Kingdom, 10-13 December 1996. Abstracts. 英国免疫学学会和生化学会联合大会。联合王国哈罗盖特，1996年12月10日至13日。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1996-11-01
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引用次数: 0
Joint Congress of the British and Netherlands Societies for Immunology. Brighton, United Kingdom, 6-8 December 1995. Abstracts. 英国和荷兰免疫学学会联合大会。1995年12月6日至8日，联合王国布莱顿。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1995-01-01
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引用次数: 0
2nd Annual Congress of the British Society for Immunology, Harrogate, United Kingdom, 5-7 December 1994. Abstracts. 英国免疫学学会第二届年会，哈罗盖特，英国，1994年12月5日至7日。摘要。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1994-01-01
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引用次数: 0
Vaccine for control of fertility. 控制生育的疫苗。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-51479-1_108
G. P. Talwar, O. Singh, R. Jayashankar, C. Shaha, A. Suri, L. Rao, A. Gaur, A. Alam, S. Upadhyay, R. Pal
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引用次数: 8
The MHC trans-species hypothesis: in the discussion period. MHC跨物种假说:在讨论阶段。
Immunology. Supplement
Pub Date : 1989-01-01
J Klein

Rather than attempting to summarize what I might have said in my presentation at the symposium honoring Professor Avrion Mitchison and thus merely expounding on data that have in the meantime been published elsewhere, here I will answer some of the criticisms that have been meted out at the trans-species hypothesis in the discussion period. I fancy that Av will savour this spiced-up birthday present more than he would its conventional version.

与其试图总结我在纪念Avrion Mitchison教授的研讨会上的演讲中可能说过的话，也不因此仅仅阐述与此同时在其他地方发表的数据，我将在这里回答讨论期间对跨物种假说提出的一些批评。我想阿夫会比传统的生日礼物更喜欢这个加了香料的生日礼物。
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引用次数: 0
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