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Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement最新文献

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Evaluating the affective and cognitive effects of a drug: theoretical and methodological considerations. 评估药物的情感和认知效应:理论和方法上的考虑。
R Jouvent

Current research leads to new drugs with new properties which are clinically screened toward a sum of traditional validation methods and clinical expression of biological models. Two complementary but different theoretical procedures underlie clinical studies. Drugs can be evaluated in "categorial" or "dimensional" perspective. In the first case, their effects are studied on a nosographic entity (for example meeting DSM III criteria for dementia or depression) by global scales whatever clinical heterogeneity or biological specific properties of the drug. In the second case, drugs effects are assessed on a single clinical dimension constituting a continuous parameter from normal to pathological state. Result of these different levels of organisation cannot be compared or correlate. Irrespect of this principle led, in the past, to confusion and lack of interpretable results. A coherent approach may clarify all the process of development of new drugs.

目前的研究导致具有新特性的新药在临床筛选中走向传统验证方法和生物模型临床表达的总和。两种互补但不同的理论程序是临床研究的基础。药物可以从“类别”或“维度”的角度进行评估。在第一种情况下,无论药物的临床异质性或生物学特异性如何,都要在全球范围内研究其在医院实体(例如满足痴呆症或抑郁症的DSM III标准)上的作用。在第二种情况下,药物的作用是在单一的临床维度上进行评估,构成从正常到病理状态的连续参数。这些不同层次组织的结果不能比较或关联。在过去,不尊重这一原则导致了混乱和缺乏可解释的结果。一个连贯的方法可以阐明新药开发的所有过程。
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引用次数: 0
Models of human memory. 人类记忆模型。
Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/c2013-0-11246-9
Guy Tiberghien
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引用次数: 42
Memory training programs as a reference to the clinical evaluation of drugs in memory disorders. 记忆训练方案作为临床评价记忆障碍药物的参考。
L Israël
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引用次数: 0
Comparative study of two types of cholinergic lesion in rats. 两种大鼠胆碱能损伤的比较研究。
W Mayo

The cholinergic systems of the forebrain may be divided in two major sub-units: the septohippocampal system and the innominate-cortical system. This analysis is limited to the behavioral effects of lesions of pathway origins i.e. Medial Septal Area (MSA) and Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM). Working memory is regularly involved by MSA lesion; NBM lesions also seem to affect working memory but is more often the cause of altered reference memory. However, multiple techniques of lesions are used, impairing interpretation of all the results by their bias and discrepancies.

前脑胆碱能系统可分为两个主要的亚单位:中隔海马系统和无名皮质系统。该分析仅限于通路起源病变的行为影响,即内侧间隔区(MSA)和迈纳特基底核(NBM)。工作记忆有规律地受到MSA损伤的影响;NBM损伤似乎也影响工作记忆,但更经常是改变参考记忆的原因。然而,病变的多种技术被使用,损害了所有结果的解释,他们的偏差和差异。
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引用次数: 0
Noradrenergic-cholinergic interaction: its possible role in memory dysfunction associated with senile dementia. 去甲肾上腺素能-胆碱能相互作用:在老年痴呆相关记忆功能障碍中的可能作用。
S J Sara

Over the past 10 years, cholinergic deficits have been strongly correlated with memory dysfunction. On the other hand the lack of efficacy of direct or indirect cholinergic drugs has led to research in other neurotransmitter systems. Several authors have found miscellaneous results in NE and metabolites levels and in monoamine enzyme activities. These discrepancies have lead to discussions about the homogeneity of the disease. Animal lesion studies point out the importance of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway and the interrelations between ACh and NE in the hippocampal formation. The author performed a series of experiments in rats in which hippocampal ACh activity was reduced (fornix section or destruction of cells in the medial septum) and the NE system modified by clonidine or neurotoxic lesions. The hypothesis was that a lesion of the cholinergic pathway leads to an enhancement of NE activity which inhibits spared ACh neurons. The alpha-2 agonist clonidine would interrupt this loop by decreasing of NE release. Results provide arguments for the author's theory.

在过去的10年里,胆碱能缺陷与记忆功能障碍密切相关。另一方面,直接或间接胆碱能药物的疗效不足导致了对其他神经递质系统的研究。几位作者发现了NE和代谢物水平以及单胺酶活性的各种结果。这些差异引起了关于该病同质性的讨论。动物损伤研究指出了间隔-海马胆碱能通路的重要性以及乙酰胆碱和NE在海马形成中的相互关系。作者在大鼠身上进行了一系列实验,在这些实验中,海马乙酰胆碱活性降低(穹窿切片或中隔细胞破坏),NE系统因可乐定或神经毒性病变而改变。假设是胆碱能通路的损伤导致NE活性的增强,从而抑制了ACh神经元。α -2激动剂可乐定会通过减少NE的释放来中断这一循环。结果为作者的理论提供了论据。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical trials in memory disorders: objectives and methodology. 记忆障碍的临床试验:目的和方法。
A Alperovitch
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement
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