From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this widening circle tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.
{"title":"WIDENING circle.","authors":"M. Donahoe","doi":"10.9783/9781512809435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512809435","url":null,"abstract":"From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this widening circle tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"18 2 1","pages":"230-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44959796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Injury of the liver].","authors":"B. P. Ceriani","doi":"10.32388/8gepnp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/8gepnp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"39 1","pages":"504-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46639222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroaki Sunaga, Hiroki Matsui, Saki Anjo, Mas Risky A A Syamsunarno, Norimichi Koitabashi, Tatsuya Iso, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Tomoyuki Yokoyama, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Background: Fatty acids constitute the critical components of cell structure and function, and dysregulation of fatty acid composition may exert diverging vascular effects including proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, direct evidence for this hypothesis has been lacking. We investigated the role of elongation of long-chain fatty acid member 6 (Elovl6), a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, in the regulation of phenotypic switching of VSMC.
Methods and results: Neointima formation following wire injury was markedly inhibited in Elovl6-null (Elovl6-/-) mice, and cultured VSMCs with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Elovl6 was barely responsive to PDGF-BB. Elovl6 inhibition induced cell cycle suppressors p53 and p21 and reduced the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and VSMC marker expression. These changes are ascribed to increased palmitate levels and reduced oleate levels, changes that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resulting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Notably, Elovl6 inhibition robustly induced the pluripotency gene Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in VSMC, and KLF4 knockdown significantly attenuated AMPK-induced phenotypic switching of VSMC, indicating that KLF4 is a bona fide target of AMPK.
Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that dysregulation of Elovl6-driven long-chain fatty acid metabolism induces phenotypic switching of VSMC via ROS production and AMPK/KLF4 signaling that leads to growth arrest and downregulation of VSMC marker expression. The modulation of Elovl6-mediated cellular processes may provide an intriguing approach for tackling atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis.
{"title":"Elongation of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Family Member 6 (Elovl6)-Driven Fatty Acid Metabolism Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (AMPK/KLF4) Signaling.","authors":"Hiroaki Sunaga, Hiroki Matsui, Saki Anjo, Mas Risky A A Syamsunarno, Norimichi Koitabashi, Tatsuya Iso, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Tomoyuki Yokoyama, Masahiko Kurabayashi","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.116.004014","DOIUrl":"10.1161/JAHA.116.004014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatty acids constitute the critical components of cell structure and function, and dysregulation of fatty acid composition may exert diverging vascular effects including proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, direct evidence for this hypothesis has been lacking. We investigated the role of elongation of long-chain fatty acid member 6 (Elovl6), a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, in the regulation of phenotypic switching of VSMC.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Neointima formation following wire injury was markedly inhibited in Elovl6-null (Elovl6<sup>-/-</sup>) mice, and cultured VSMCs with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Elovl6 was barely responsive to PDGF-BB. Elovl6 inhibition induced cell cycle suppressors p53 and p21 and reduced the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and VSMC marker expression. These changes are ascribed to increased palmitate levels and reduced oleate levels, changes that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resulting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Notably, Elovl6 inhibition robustly induced the pluripotency gene Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in VSMC, and KLF4 knockdown significantly attenuated AMPK-induced phenotypic switching of VSMC, indicating that KLF4 is a bona fide target of AMPK.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate for the first time that dysregulation of Elovl6-driven long-chain fatty acid metabolism induces phenotypic switching of VSMC via ROS production and AMPK/KLF4 signaling that leads to growth arrest and downregulation of VSMC marker expression. The modulation of Elovl6-mediated cellular processes may provide an intriguing approach for tackling atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"31 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5210431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83946682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-05-01DOI: 10.1097/00003086-200105000-00002
F. A. Chandler
Fremont A. Chandler (Fig 1) was born in Chicago. After his preliminary education he enrolled in the College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin. After 3 years, he began taking premedical courses. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin in 1916, Chandler attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University where he received his medical degree in 1919. After an internship in Hartford, CT, Chandler spent 1 year at the Grenfell Hospital in St. Andrews, Newfoundland. It was here that he saw numerous patients with tuberculosis of the bone and joints and decided to become an orthopaedic surgeon. After his training at the New York Orthopaedic Dispensary and Hospital, he returned to Chicago to begin his practice in 1924.
Fremont A. Chandler(图1)出生于芝加哥。初等教育结束后，他进入威斯康辛大学农学院学习。三年后，他开始学习医学预科课程。1916年从威斯康辛大学毕业后，钱德勒进入哥伦比亚大学内科和外科医学院学习，并于1919年获得医学学位。在康涅狄格州哈特福德实习后，钱德勒在纽芬兰圣安德鲁斯的格伦费尔医院工作了一年。正是在这里，他看到了许多患有骨和关节结核的病人，并决定成为一名骨科医生。在纽约骨科药房和医院接受培训后，他于1924年回到芝加哥开始他的实践。
{"title":"Coronary disease of the hip.","authors":"F. A. Chandler","doi":"10.1097/00003086-200105000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200105000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"Fremont A. Chandler (Fig 1) was born in Chicago. After his preliminary education he enrolled in the College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin. After 3 years, he began taking premedical courses. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin in 1916, Chandler attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University where he received his medical degree in 1919. After an internship in Hartford, CT, Chandler spent 1 year at the Grenfell Hospital in St. Andrews, Newfoundland. It was here that he saw numerous patients with tuberculosis of the bone and joints and decided to become an orthopaedic surgeon. After his training at the New York Orthopaedic Dispensary and Hospital, he returned to Chicago to begin his practice in 1924.","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"34-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00003086-200105000-00002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61424175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68066-3_22
K. Schrott
{"title":"Surgical Treatment of Varicocele","authors":"K. Schrott","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68066-3_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68066-3_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"11 4","pages":"120-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51022523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Matsumoto, C O Burdick, C A Heisterkamp, T J O'Connell
{"title":"Enterogenous cyst of the rectum in an adult. Report of a case.","authors":"T Matsumoto, C O Burdick, C A Heisterkamp, T J O'Connell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"44 6","pages":"693-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15389612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgery for chronic otitis media.","authors":"T Palva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"44 6","pages":"595-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16404977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatment of traumatized extremities with special consideration of the vascular problem.","authors":"E V Koskinen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"44 6","pages":"599-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16920313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Results of surgical treatment of stenosis of the sphincter of oddi.","authors":"V Autio, T Parvinen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"44 6","pages":"656-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16920319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstructive surgery of obstructing lesions in the supra-aortic branches.","authors":"P Tala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78764,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the International College of Surgeons","volume":"44 6","pages":"660-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16920320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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