Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.218
R C Hubbard
This discussion of chemotherapeutic agents follows a pharmacological outline that is strongly clinically oriented. In this fashion I will best contribute to the health of captive marine mammals. But first I would like to remark on the species of animals under discussion, make a point concerning diagnostics, and briefly point out some of the pharmacodynamic differences that characterize marine mammals.
{"title":"Chemotherapy in captive marine mammals.","authors":"R C Hubbard","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.218","url":null,"abstract":"This discussion of chemotherapeutic agents follows a pharmacological outline that is strongly clinically oriented. In this fashion I will best contribute to the health of captive marine mammals. But first I would like to remark on the species of animals under discussion, make a point concerning diagnostics, and briefly point out some of the pharmacodynamic differences that characterize marine mammals.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"218-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.260
S F Palmer, D O Trainer
A serologic study was conducted to investigate the exposure of captive and free-flying Canada geese (Branta canadensis) to five arboviruses, chlamydiae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Of more than 1200 serums screened in the metabolic-inhibition test (MIT), no serums neutralized eastern encephalitis virus (EEV), less than 1% neutralized western (WEV) or Venezuelan (VEV) encephalitis viruses, 2% neutralized St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and 29% neutralized California encephalitis virus (CEV). Supplementary serologic procedures indicated that a nonspecific inhibitor probably caused inhibition of CEV in the MIT. Fifty-six per cent of 197 serums had hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 1:80 or higher against M. gallisepticum and were considered “positive”. Two hundred and eight serums were negative for complement-fixing antibody against chlamydiae.
{"title":"Serologic study of some infectious diseases of Canada geese.","authors":"S F Palmer, D O Trainer","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.260","url":null,"abstract":"A serologic study was conducted to investigate the exposure of captive and free-flying Canada geese (Branta canadensis) to five arboviruses, chlamydiae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Of more than 1200 serums screened in the metabolic-inhibition test (MIT), no serums neutralized eastern encephalitis virus (EEV), less than 1% neutralized western (WEV) or Venezuelan (VEV) encephalitis viruses, 2% neutralized St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and 29% neutralized California encephalitis virus (CEV). Supplementary serologic procedures indicated that a nonspecific inhibitor probably caused inhibition of CEV in the MIT. Fifty-six per cent of 197 serums had hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 1:80 or higher against M. gallisepticum and were considered “positive”. Two hundred and eight serums were negative for complement-fixing antibody against chlamydiae.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"260-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.322
R V Bulkley
A furunculosis epizootic during May 1968 decimated the yellow bass population in Clear Lake, Iowa. Loss in body weight during the previous year and reduced fecundity suggested that inadequate nutrition resulting from over-population was a causal factor.
{"title":"A furunculosis epizootic in Clear Lake yellow bass.","authors":"R V Bulkley","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.322","url":null,"abstract":"A furunculosis epizootic during May 1968 decimated the yellow bass population in Clear Lake, Iowa. Loss in body weight during the previous year and reduced fecundity suggested that inadequate nutrition resulting from over-population was a causal factor.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"322-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16892024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.157
R P Crawford, J L Braun, W F McCulloch, S L Diesch
Leptospiras isolated from creek water in Iowa at the site of human leptospirosis exposure could not be identified by a reference laboratory but the 31 isolates were placed into 12 serologic groups using serologic cross reactions and agglutinin absorption techniques. Reactions of the isolates to 8-azaguanine and copper sulfate suggest that they belong to the nonpathogenic or saprophytic complex. Cloning procedures failed to detect any leptospires that could be classified as pathogenic or parasitic but did indicate that some isolations from water contained serologically heterogenous populations of leptospires. The possible significance of these results is discussed.
{"title":"Characterization of leptospires isolated from surface waters in Iowa.","authors":"R P Crawford, J L Braun, W F McCulloch, S L Diesch","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.157","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospiras isolated from creek water in Iowa at the site of human leptospirosis exposure could not be identified by a reference laboratory but the 31 isolates were placed into 12 serologic groups using serologic cross reactions and agglutinin absorption techniques. Reactions of the isolates to 8-azaguanine and copper sulfate suggest that they belong to the nonpathogenic or saprophytic complex. Cloning procedures failed to detect any leptospires that could be classified as pathogenic or parasitic but did indicate that some isolations from water contained serologically heterogenous populations of leptospires. The possible significance of these results is discussed.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"157-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16882125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.319
F M Garner
The Registry of Comparative Pathology (RCP) is one of the newer registries of the American Registry of Pathology that are housed in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Washington, D.C. 20305. The RCP was established in I 966 and is jointly operated by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology, Inc. (UAREP). Support for the Registry’s activities is provided through a grant from the Division of Research Facilities and Resources, National Institutes of Health.
{"title":"Activities of the Registry of Comparative Pathology.","authors":"F M Garner","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.319","url":null,"abstract":"The Registry of Comparative Pathology (RCP) is one of the newer registries of the American Registry of Pathology that are housed in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Washington, D.C. 20305. The RCP was established in I 966 and is jointly operated by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology, Inc. (UAREP). Support for the Registry’s activities is provided through a grant from the Division of Research Facilities and Resources, National Institutes of Health.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"319-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16882129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.206
K L Heddleston, J E Gallagher
{"title":"Septicemic pasteurellosis (hemorrhagic septicemia) in the American bison: a serologic survey.","authors":"K L Heddleston, J E Gallagher","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"206-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.254
G L Hoff, T M Yuill, J O Iversen, R P Hanson
The relationship between the California encephalitis (CEV) group of arboviruses and a snowshoe hare population near Rochester (54N, 113W), Alberta has been studied since 1961. The neutralizing antibody prevalence to the CEV group of viruses in adult hares was high, 58% to 95%, during the 6 years of snowshoe hare population decline, when the population dropped from over 600 hares per square mile to 3 hares per square mile. In the 2 years of population recovery thus far observed, the antibody prevalence has been low, 0% to 43%. The prevalence rates in juveniles have been lower than in the adults throughout the study. At least 2 strains of the virus group are present and a total of 7 isolations from Aedes mosquitoes and 1 from a snowshoe hare have been made, representing the northern most known limit of the CEV froup in North America. Experimental viremia studies with the Montana snowshoe hare strain of virus resulted in titers up to 104 mouse LD50 per ml. of whole blood and viremia lasted up to 3 days with an increase in length of viremia with age.
{"title":"Snowshoe hares and the California encephalitis virus group in Alberta, 1961-1968.","authors":"G L Hoff, T M Yuill, J O Iversen, R P Hanson","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.254","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between the California encephalitis (CEV) group of arboviruses and a snowshoe hare population near Rochester (54N, 113W), Alberta has been studied since 1961. The neutralizing antibody prevalence to the CEV group of viruses in adult hares was high, 58% to 95%, during the 6 years of snowshoe hare population decline, when the population dropped from over 600 hares per square mile to 3 hares per square mile. In the 2 years of population recovery thus far observed, the antibody prevalence has been low, 0% to 43%. The prevalence rates in juveniles have been lower than in the adults throughout the study. At least 2 strains of the virus group are present and a total of 7 isolations from Aedes mosquitoes and 1 from a snowshoe hare have been made, representing the northern most known limit of the CEV froup in North America. Experimental viremia studies with the Montana snowshoe hare strain of virus resulted in titers up to 104 mouse LD50 per ml. of whole blood and viremia lasted up to 3 days with an increase in length of viremia with age.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"254-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.307
C E Short
The use and study of wild and domestic animals frequently involves physical handling and in some instances the performance of surgical or other painful procedures. With few exceptions the needs in domestic animals are basically for relief of pain and relaxation to allow comfort to the patient and convenience to the surgeon. Agents can be selected without much concern for excessive restraint of the animal before medication in most cases. The preparation of the wild animal foi some form of chemical restraint, sedation or anesthesia most often must be made without the benefit of a physical examination to determine the physiological condition or specific needs. In many cases the animal must receive the initial medication via propelled dart or other systems used from a point distant from the animal.
{"title":"Anesthesia, sedation and chemical restraint in wild and domestic animals.","authors":"C E Short","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.307","url":null,"abstract":"The use and study of wild and domestic animals frequently involves physical handling and in some instances the performance of surgical or other painful procedures. With few exceptions the needs in domestic animals are basically for relief of pain and relaxation to allow comfort to the patient and convenience to the surgeon. Agents can be selected without much concern for excessive restraint of the animal before medication in most cases. The preparation of the wild animal foi some form of chemical restraint, sedation or anesthesia most often must be made without the benefit of a physical examination to determine the physiological condition or specific needs. In many cases the animal must receive the initial medication via propelled dart or other systems used from a point distant from the animal.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"307-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16892021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.342
W J Crans
New Jersey bullfrogs, Rana catesheiana, were found to be heavily infested with filarial worms of the genus Foleyella Seurat 1917. A technique was devised to rapidly screen amphibians for the infection. The results of a state-wide survey are presented and a possible life cycle is suggested. Preliminary transmission studies indicated the mosquito, Culex territans, to be a natural vector.
{"title":"Preliminary observations of frog filariasis in New Jersey.","authors":"W J Crans","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.342","url":null,"abstract":"New Jersey bullfrogs, Rana catesheiana, were found to be heavily infested with filarial worms of the genus Foleyella Seurat 1917. A technique was devised to rapidly screen amphibians for the infection. The results of a state-wide survey are presented and a possible life cycle is suggested. Preliminary transmission studies indicated the mosquito, Culex territans, to be a natural vector.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"342-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16892026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.248
T M Yuill, J O Iversen, R P Hanson
Studies of arbovirus infections of snowshoe hares in central Alberta were carried out in 1961 through 1967, in an attempt to determine which arboviruses were importantly associated with the hare population. These studies were carried out during a period of marked decline of the hare population. Neutralizing antibodies to California encephalitis virus and Silverwater virus were present in the population throughout the study with prevalence ranging from 59% to 97% and from 0% to 68%, respectively. Antibody prevalence rates to western equine encephalomyelitis virus were generally low except for two epizootics during the spring and early summers of 1963 and 1965, when rates of over 80% were observed. The significance of these findings is discussed. Data are presented which show a rapid, significant decline in neutralizing antibody prevalence which suggests that hares convalescent from these arbovirus infections experienced higher mortality than did uninfected animals.
{"title":"Evidence for arbovirus infections in a population of snowshoe hares: a possible mortality factor.","authors":"T M Yuill, J O Iversen, R P Hanson","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.248","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of arbovirus infections of snowshoe hares in central Alberta were carried out in 1961 through 1967, in an attempt to determine which arboviruses were importantly associated with the hare population. These studies were carried out during a period of marked decline of the hare population. Neutralizing antibodies to California encephalitis virus and Silverwater virus were present in the population throughout the study with prevalence ranging from 59% to 97% and from 0% to 68%, respectively. Antibody prevalence rates to western equine encephalomyelitis virus were generally low except for two epizootics during the spring and early summers of 1963 and 1965, when rates of over 80% were observed. The significance of these findings is discussed. Data are presented which show a rapid, significant decline in neutralizing antibody prevalence which suggests that hares convalescent from these arbovirus infections experienced higher mortality than did uninfected animals.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"248-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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