Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789240603.0000
SM Abeyesinghe
Abstract This book will give an introduction to the use (and perhaps misuse) of behaviour tests applied to animals. Through illustrative examples from a variety of species, the aim is to inspire the animal experimenter to think about what a given behavioural test can be used for and how the results can be interpreted. It is not meant as a dictionary or list of tests from which a researcher can choose, but as an inspiration on what to do (and not to do) when developing and executing tests of animal behaviour. It has 13 chapters divided into three parts: part 1 (setting the scene, chapters 1-3), part 2 (types of test, chapters 4-10), and part 3 (additional aspects, chapters 11-13).
{"title":"Asking animals: an introduction to animal behaviour testing","authors":"SM Abeyesinghe","doi":"10.1079/9781789240603.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789240603.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This book will give an introduction to the use (and perhaps misuse) of behaviour tests applied to animals. Through illustrative examples from a variety of species, the aim is to inspire the animal experimenter to think about what a given behavioural test can be used for and how the results can be interpreted. It is not meant as a dictionary or list of tests from which a researcher can choose, but as an inspiration on what to do (and not to do) when developing and executing tests of animal behaviour. It has 13 chapters divided into three parts: part 1 (setting the scene, chapters 1-3), part 2 (types of test, chapters 4-10), and part 3 (additional aspects, chapters 11-13).","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81364963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.1.012
Anne-Kathrin Burmeister, K. Drasch, M. Rinder, S. Prechs, A. Peschel, R. Korbel, NJ Saam
Empathy and anthropomorphism, well-established components of the human-pet relationship, are considered to be especially related to pet animal welfare. We have developed a systematic and standardised approach to explore the effect of the human-pet relationship on animal welfare, focusing on pet birds. Based on a data set measuring the owner-bird relationship as well as bird welfare, cluster analysis and multivariate regressions were used to identify empirical types of bird owners and analyse their effect on bird welfare. Five empirical types of bird owners were identified based on the multi-dimensional relationship between owner and bird which consisted of: (i) the closeness-appreciating anthropomorphising owner; (ii) the closeness-appreciating socially supported owner; (iii) the anthropomorphising socially supported owner; (iv) the inattentive owner; and (v) the distance-appreciating owner. These differed in terms of the owner's tendency to anthropomorphism, the social support the bird provides to the owner, the empathy, attentiveness and respect of the owner towards the bird, and the bird's relationship with the owner. In particular, the inattentive type, but also both anthropomorphising types, raised serious questions as to the well-being of the pet bird. We found significant correlations to bird behaviour, such as imprinting aspects, aggressiveness towards humans, conspecifics and other pet animals, as well as behavioural disorders, such as locomotor stereotypies, courtship behaviour towards humans and feather-plucking.
{"title":"The owner-bird relationship: Relevance for pet bird welfare","authors":"Anne-Kathrin Burmeister, K. Drasch, M. Rinder, S. Prechs, A. Peschel, R. Korbel, NJ Saam","doi":"10.7120/09627286.31.1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.1.012","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy and anthropomorphism, well-established components of the human-pet relationship, are considered to be especially related to pet animal welfare. We have developed a systematic and standardised approach to explore the effect of the human-pet relationship on animal welfare, focusing\u0000 on pet birds. Based on a data set measuring the owner-bird relationship as well as bird welfare, cluster analysis and multivariate regressions were used to identify empirical types of bird owners and analyse their effect on bird welfare. Five empirical types of bird owners were identified\u0000 based on the multi-dimensional relationship between owner and bird which consisted of: (i) the closeness-appreciating anthropomorphising owner; (ii) the closeness-appreciating socially supported owner; (iii) the anthropomorphising socially supported owner; (iv) the inattentive owner; and (v)\u0000 the distance-appreciating owner. These differed in terms of the owner's tendency to anthropomorphism, the social support the bird provides to the owner, the empathy, attentiveness and respect of the owner towards the bird, and the bird's relationship with the owner. In particular, the inattentive\u0000 type, but also both anthropomorphising types, raised serious questions as to the well-being of the pet bird. We found significant correlations to bird behaviour, such as imprinting aspects, aggressiveness towards humans, conspecifics and other pet animals, as well as behavioural disorders,\u0000 such as locomotor stereotypies, courtship behaviour towards humans and feather-plucking.","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76056539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600009866
S. Wickens
All cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans should be regarded as sentient and protected under UK animal welfare law. This is the headline conclusion of this thoughtful report, that is going to have a profound impact on the way these animals are treated within the UK — and likely inform policy elsewhere. In response, the UK government has indicated that they accept this position and will look to/have extended forthcoming animal welfare legislation to include lobsters, octopus and crabs and all other decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs.
{"title":"Review of the evidence of sentience in cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans","authors":"S. Wickens","doi":"10.1017/s0962728600009866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600009866","url":null,"abstract":"All cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans should be regarded as sentient and protected under UK animal welfare law. This is the headline conclusion of this thoughtful report, that is going to have a profound impact on the way these animals are treated within the UK — and likely inform policy elsewhere. In response, the UK government has indicated that they accept this position and will look to/have extended forthcoming animal welfare legislation to include lobsters, octopus and crabs and all other decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs.","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80058861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.1.011
Z. Goldsborough, E.H.M. Sterck, F. de Waal, CE Webb
Abnormal behaviour in captive animals is both pervasive and ambiguous. Although individual differences are central to the field of animal welfare, studies on abnormal behaviour predominantly employ quantitative, population-level approaches. For example, whereas previous studies on chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) abnormal behaviour have reported significant variation between groups or individuals in the quantity (eg frequency and duration) of abnormal behaviour, much less is known about qualitative differences. Individual abnormal behavioural repertoires may be highly idiosyncratic, where certain behaviours are over-represented (ie individually specific abnormal behavioural 'signatures'). The present study investigated qualitative individual variation in the abnormal behaviour of chimpanzees (n = 15) housed at Royal Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Substantial variation was found between individuals in the diversity (size and evenness) and overall composition of their abnormal behavioural repertoires. Factors including age, sex, and rank did not significantly account for dissimilarity of individuals' abnormal behavioural repertoires, but kin dyads showed more similar abnormal behaviour than non-kin dyads. Further exploratory analyses examined whether individual variation in one abnormal behaviour (coprophagy) predicted variation in stress-related behaviour (self-scratching). This allowed us to tentatively conclude that there were also individual differences in the link between a given abnormal behaviour and the behavioural expression of stress. Qualitative individual variation in abnormal behaviour provides a novel angle to a literature traditionally focused on quantifying abnormal behaviour at the group- or species-level and may thus represent an important yet previously overlooked source of variation in the extent to which abnormal behaviour reflects the state of individual welfare.
{"title":"Individual variation in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) repertoires of abnormal behaviour","authors":"Z. Goldsborough, E.H.M. Sterck, F. de Waal, CE Webb","doi":"10.7120/09627286.31.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal behaviour in captive animals is both pervasive and ambiguous. Although individual differences are central to the field of animal welfare, studies on abnormal behaviour predominantly employ quantitative, population-level approaches. For example, whereas previous studies on chimpanzee\u0000 (Pan troglodytes) abnormal behaviour have reported significant variation between groups or individuals in the quantity (eg frequency and duration) of abnormal behaviour, much less is known about qualitative differences. Individual abnormal behavioural repertoires may be highly idiosyncratic,\u0000 where certain behaviours are over-represented (ie individually specific abnormal behavioural 'signatures'). The present study investigated qualitative individual variation in the abnormal behaviour of chimpanzees (n = 15) housed at Royal Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Substantial\u0000 variation was found between individuals in the diversity (size and evenness) and overall composition of their abnormal behavioural repertoires. Factors including age, sex, and rank did not significantly account for dissimilarity of individuals' abnormal behavioural repertoires, but kin dyads\u0000 showed more similar abnormal behaviour than non-kin dyads. Further exploratory analyses examined whether individual variation in one abnormal behaviour (coprophagy) predicted variation in stress-related behaviour (self-scratching). This allowed us to tentatively conclude that there were also\u0000 individual differences in the link between a given abnormal behaviour and the behavioural expression of stress. Qualitative individual variation in abnormal behaviour provides a novel angle to a literature traditionally focused on quantifying abnormal behaviour at the group- or species-level\u0000 and may thus represent an important yet previously overlooked source of variation in the extent to which abnormal behaviour reflects the state of individual welfare.","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83413103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.1.009
J. Vaz, A. McElligott, E. Narayan
Animal welfare is important for the humane treatment of animals under our care. Zoos and rescue centres manage various charismatic animals, such as big cats, with limited resources. It is therefore essential for caretakers to understand the needs of an individual big cat to ensure its welfare. However, these needs may differ due to a big cat's personality, which may be identified by its coping style in a stressful situation. In addition, stress is one of the major factors affecting animal welfare. There is limited evidence showing strong associations between personality and stress physiology in big cats. This review focuses on the integration of personality and stress physiology of captive big cats, to highlight possible improvements in their husbandry. Our review identifies key factors that may influence big cat responses to stressors. These influencing factors include: i) social interactions; ii) environment; iii) life history and evolutionary traits; iv) genetics; and v) health. The first two factors are relatively well covered in the literature; however, the final three are potentially very promising avenues for future research to better understand how we can improve big cat welfare.
{"title":"Linking the roles of personality and stress physiology for managing the welfare of captive big cats","authors":"J. Vaz, A. McElligott, E. Narayan","doi":"10.7120/09627286.31.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"Animal welfare is important for the humane treatment of animals under our care. Zoos and rescue centres manage various charismatic animals, such as big cats, with limited resources. It is therefore essential for caretakers to understand the needs of an individual big cat to ensure its\u0000 welfare. However, these needs may differ due to a big cat's personality, which may be identified by its coping style in a stressful situation. In addition, stress is one of the major factors affecting animal welfare. There is limited evidence showing strong associations between personality\u0000 and stress physiology in big cats. This review focuses on the integration of personality and stress physiology of captive big cats, to highlight possible improvements in their husbandry. Our review identifies key factors that may influence big cat responses to stressors. These influencing\u0000 factors include: i) social interactions; ii) environment; iii) life history and evolutionary traits; iv) genetics; and v) health. The first two factors are relatively well covered in the literature; however, the final three are potentially very promising avenues for future research to better\u0000 understand how we can improve big cat welfare.","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88695148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1017/s096272860000991x
V. Sandilands
{"title":"Broiler Chickens: Welfare in Practice A Butterworth, I de Jong, J Mench, L Berg and M Raj (2021). Published by 5m Publishing, 8 Smithy Wood Drive, Sheffield S35 1QN, UK. 164 pages Paperback (ISBN: 978-1789180152). Price £14.95.","authors":"V. Sandilands","doi":"10.1017/s096272860000991x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s096272860000991x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87127319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.1.007
E. Blaker, T. Ellis
Opercular deformity is a common morphological abnormality of laboratory and other cultured fishes, observed in a wide variety of species but with an unclear aetiology. Following observations of short opercula in stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in our laboratory, we developed a photographic key to score individual fish on a scale of 1 to 5. Inter-rater reliability was assessed as 'almost perfect'. This visual method is quick and simple to use, can be used to score live fish in situ in tanks as well as sampled fish, does not require sophisticated equipment and provides quantitative information to investigate the aetiology of short opercula. Opercular size was scored for a cohort of in-house reared Atlantic salmon, in a time series of random samples of ≥ 30 fish (mean weights ranging from 0.8 to 299 g) over 14 months. Short opercula were first recorded during the parr stage, prevalence and severity increased as the fish grew, and the deformity was asymmetrical, occurring predominantly on the left side. Therefore, among the many potential causal factors, nipping is suggested as the primary cause of short opercula within our culture system, with asymmetry due to the clockwise current. We also present evidence that short opercula are associated with gill damage which supports this deformity being a welfare issue that merits assessment.
{"title":"Assessment, causes and consequences of short opercula in laboratoryreared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"E. Blaker, T. Ellis","doi":"10.7120/09627286.31.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"Opercular deformity is a common morphological abnormality of laboratory and other cultured fishes, observed in a wide variety of species but with an unclear aetiology. Following observations of short opercula in stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in our laboratory,\u0000 we developed a photographic key to score individual fish on a scale of 1 to 5. Inter-rater reliability was assessed as 'almost perfect'. This visual method is quick and simple to use, can be used to score live fish in situ in tanks as well as sampled fish, does not require sophisticated\u0000 equipment and provides quantitative information to investigate the aetiology of short opercula. Opercular size was scored for a cohort of in-house reared Atlantic salmon, in a time series of random samples of ≥ 30 fish (mean weights ranging from 0.8 to 299 g) over 14 months. Short opercula\u0000 were first recorded during the parr stage, prevalence and severity increased as the fish grew, and the deformity was asymmetrical, occurring predominantly on the left side. Therefore, among the many potential causal factors, nipping is suggested as the primary cause of short opercula within\u0000 our culture system, with asymmetry due to the clockwise current. We also present evidence that short opercula are associated with gill damage which supports this deformity being a welfare issue that merits assessment.","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75607268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.1.002
J. Brereton, P. Rose
Evidence-based approaches are key to advancing all areas of zoo and aquarium practice. Output from empirical study must be disseminated to those within the industry so that results can support changes to husbandry and management for individual species. Information on enrichment techniques is published in a range of sources, including papers in the peer-reviewed and 'grey literature' (ie professional but non-reviewed publications). To investigate how evidence is implemented into enrichment practices, we sampled all enrichment studies identified in one online repository of peer-reviewed papers and two grey literature publications across an elevenyear period. We recorded whether the enrichment was supported with biological evidence (whether it was developed using published enrichment-focused research for that species and/or with the species' ecology and behaviour information) alongside analysis of the type of enrichment used and the chosen study species. Enrichment articles were more likely to be supported by biological evidence in peer-reviewed than grey literature. Taxonomic differences in the use of evidence were noted; for example, enrichment provided to carnivores and parrots was more likely to be supported with biological evidence compared to that used for penguins. Of the five enrichment types, nutritional enrichment was most often based on biological evidence. Multi-category and physical enrichment types were more common across all literature sources whereas social enrichment was less common, suggesting barriers to implementation of all enrichment types in zoological facilities. Our research suggests that zoo and aquarium professionals are considering species-specific welfare needs by ensuring that enrichment protocols are supported by biological evidence. However, opportunities to diversify the enrichment types being offered and species being researched are identified.
{"title":"An evaluation of the role of 'biological evidence' in zoo and aquarium enrichment practices","authors":"J. Brereton, P. Rose","doi":"10.7120/09627286.31.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence-based approaches are key to advancing all areas of zoo and aquarium practice. Output from empirical study must be disseminated to those within the industry so that results can support changes to husbandry and management for individual species. Information on enrichment techniques\u0000 is published in a range of sources, including papers in the peer-reviewed and 'grey literature' (ie professional but non-reviewed publications). To investigate how evidence is implemented into enrichment practices, we sampled all enrichment studies identified in one online repository of peer-reviewed\u0000 papers and two grey literature publications across an elevenyear period. We recorded whether the enrichment was supported with biological evidence (whether it was developed using published enrichment-focused research for that species and/or with the species' ecology and behaviour information)\u0000 alongside analysis of the type of enrichment used and the chosen study species. Enrichment articles were more likely to be supported by biological evidence in peer-reviewed than grey literature. Taxonomic differences in the use of evidence were noted; for example, enrichment provided to carnivores\u0000 and parrots was more likely to be supported with biological evidence compared to that used for penguins. Of the five enrichment types, nutritional enrichment was most often based on biological evidence. Multi-category and physical enrichment types were more common across all literature sources\u0000 whereas social enrichment was less common, suggesting barriers to implementation of all enrichment types in zoological facilities. Our research suggests that zoo and aquarium professionals are considering species-specific welfare needs by ensuring that enrichment protocols are supported by\u0000 biological evidence. However, opportunities to diversify the enrichment types being offered and species being researched are identified.","PeriodicalId":7894,"journal":{"name":"Animal Welfare","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78476677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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