Metabolic, pediatric, and systemic ophthalmology最新文献

A one year old female infant with mental and motor retardation and bilateral optic atrophy in association with pericentric inversion of chromosome No. 2 is described.

Two young epileptic adults developed cataracts resembling presenile diabetic lens changes, while on prolonged antiepileptic treatment with phenobarbitone and diphenylhydantoin (DPH). A research study on rats supported our view on the cataractogenic action of DPH.

A family affected with pituitary dwarfism transmitted probably as an X-linked recessive or autosomal recessive condition, is described. The propositus had globular-like changes in his cornea, this latter as a sequela of endocrine disturbances, is suggested and discussed.

In a series of patients with advanced cataract and in another one of patients with incipient cataract, aged under 55 years, with no history of trauma or diabetes and a normal fasting blood sugar, the standard glycose tolerance test, as well as the HbA1 determination were performed. About 34% of the patients of the first group and 10% of the second group showed abnormalities of the tests. Asymptomatic diabetes was diagnosed in these patients and it is concluded that glycose intolerance is common in patients with advanced or incipient cataract, under 55 years of age, who show no glycosuria and have a normal fasting blood sugar on routine examination.

This report reviews evidence for influences of prostaglandins (PGs) on intraocular pressure in glaucoma and on the progressive vascular and blood cell dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, of which retinopathy is a manifestation, and includes a brief outline of evidence for roles of PGs in ocular inflammation. Sequences in pathways of biosynthesis and conversion of PGs are summarized, and PG assay methods are evaluated briefly.

An intermediate report, on the effect of 1 mg 5-Fluoro-uracil on prevention of intra-vitreal fibroblast proliferation, strand formation and traction retinal detachment development in rabbits, is presented. The drug, which appeared to be nontoxic to the ocular tissues, prevented significantly the development of vitreous strands and traction retinal detachment in 10 out of 19 eyes (detachment rate, 47.3%), in comparison to 18 (control) eyes, out of 19, that did develop intravitreal strand and traction retinal detachment (94.7%).

Basement membrane deficiency, accompanied by alterations in basal epithelial cells, was shown in a case of posttraumatic recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) by Goldman et al. [1] and in other corneal disorders [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. We have previously [7] described a case of posttraumatic RCE which was treated successfully by surgical procedure. This report presents electron microscopic observations of the excised tissues which indicate significant changes in the corneal stroma as well as in its epithelium and basement membrane.

A case of a 17-year-old male suffering from acute bilateral disseminated subretinal inflammatory lesions, which affected the posterior pole and the retinal periphery as well, is presented. All the laboratory tests were negative except for the Sabin-Feldman dye test which showed a positive rising titer. The clinical course of the disease is described, and the differential diagnosis discussed.

This paper presents the results of an electrophysiologic and histochemical study on the effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate applied perorally as 5% syrup for 20 days on the rabbit retina. It was found with statistical significance that in response to the drug the amplitudes of "a" and "b" waves of the electroretinogram increased considerably and the activation of some dehydrogenases, glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase and lactatedehydrogenase in particular took place; this was most pronounced in the ganglion and in the inner nuclear layers of the retina. The results of the study show that a prolonged peroral application of 5% sodium hydroxybutyrate syrup might be an expeditious way to activate energy processes in the retina.

The clinical picture of diabetes has changed dramatically and continues in a state of rapid flux. The early promise of insulin has remained unfulfilled and its beneficial effects, namely prolonging life, have led to the development of severe complications in a distressingly increasing number of diabetics. The present research thrust is encouraging but obviously requires a determined, aggressive concerted attack so that the understanding of precisely what is the diabetic syndrome, its treatment, cure and prevention, can be accomplished.