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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dan Jeon Breathing method and to suggest that the method is an effective nursing intervention to reduce the blood pressure. The Dan Jeon breathing method is composed of thirty-minute program including Dan Jeon Breathing, a kind of abdominal-deep breathing, free gymnastics, mental concentration, physical strength exercise, and suggestion. The Quasi-experimental design was used in this study. In order to evaluate the devised the Dan Jeon breathing method, the non-synchronized research method with non-equivalent control group was employed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The blood pressure of the Dan Jeon breathing method training group was reduced as time goes by. When the training was finished, the systolic blood pressure was lower than the baseline blood pressure by 15.80 mmHg (Y = -1.11X + 147.78, P = .0001, R2 = 0.89), and the diastolic blood pressure was lower than the baseline blood pressure by 10.91 mmHg (Y = -0.85X + 98.9, P = .0001, R2 = 0.96). 2. The score of perceived stress of the Dan Jeon breathing method training group after training was lower than that of other groups (F = 2.51, P = .09). 3. The serum cortisol level of the Dan Jeon breathing method training group was reduced as compared with that of there groups (F = 3.21, P = .05). But aldosterone level of the Dan Jeon breathing method training group did not show any change. The result proved that the Dan Jeon breathing method was an effective behavioral therapy to reduce blood pressure of the client with the essential hypertension from this study. The Dan Jeon breathing method might be an effective nursing intervention device to protect the ego structure of the clients, to promote their well-being and to reconstruct them by setting mind and body at ease. The Dan Jeon breathing method can be used in clinic as well as in community as an independent nursing intervention. The Dan Jeon breathing method program might be considered to make a great contribution to adult care.

This study was done for the purpose of testing effects of programmed jogging as one of the self care activities on glucose and lipid metabolism and cardio-pulmonary function in type II diabetic patients. Research design was a repeated measure as non-equivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. Thirty type II diabetic patients who received follow-up care regularly at the out patient department of internal medicine in two general hospitals which had diabetic clinic were studied. Fourteen were assigned to the experimental group and sixteen to the control group. The experimental group participated in the programmed jogging 3 times per week for 4 weeks and the control group didn't have the programmed jogging. The programmed was developed from a review of the literature done by the researcher. Data were analyzed by X2-test, t-test, paired t-test and MANOVA using SPSS/PC The results are summarized as follows; 1. There were no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group for general characteristics and the pre-test of metabolism and cardiopulmonary function. 2. Hypothesis 1) that type II diabetic patients who participate in the programmed jogging will have a higher level of glucose metabolism than type II diabetic patients who don't do programmed jogging was partly supported(FBS; between groups F = 9.57, p < .05, time within the experimental group F = 24.28, p < .001, .05, HbA1C; between groups t = 1.09, p > .05, time within the experimental group t = 2.32, p < .05). 3. Hypothesis 2) that type II diabetic patients who participate in the programmed jogging will have a higher level of lipid metabolism than type II diabetic patients who don't do programmed jogging was rejected(triglyceride; between groups F = .85, p > .05, time within the experimental group F = 7.87, p < .05, total cholesterol; between groups F = 4.07, p > .05, time within the experimental group F = .02, p > .05, HDL cholesterol; between groups F = 2.72, p. > 05, time within the experimental group F = 9.81, p < .05, body weight; between groups F = 2.72, p > .05, time within the experimental group F = 15.38, p < .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

This comparative survey research was conducted to compare the relationship between health promotion lifestyles, self-esteem, health locus of control and health perception for employed and unemployed women. The sample consisted of 58 employed women and 63 unemployed women residing in Seoul and over 35 years old. The tool used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was revised by the researcher. The tool consisted of 8 items related to demographic characteristics, 47 items on health promotion lifestyle profile, 10 items on self-esteem measurement, 18 items on health locus of control, 21 items on health perception questionnaire. The data collected from the interviews were analyzing using SPSS, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, t-test, x2-test, Pearson's product moment correlation. The result of this study are as follows: 1) The demograpic variables for the two groups were homogenous except for age. 2) No significance differences were found between the two groups on the health promotion lifestyle (t = -.06, p = .954), but there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on 2 subscale (self actualization and nutrition) of the health promotion lifestyle. Comparison of the order of the scores between the two groups for the employed women showed that the highest score was for nutrition, then self actualization, interpersonal support, stress management, health responsibility and exercise in that order. For the unemployed women, the highest score was for nutrition, then interpersonal support, self actualization, stress management, health responsibility and exercise in that order. 3) There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the self-esteem, employed women had lower score on self-esteem than unemployed women (t = -3.37, p = .001). 4) The result of the comparison between the two groups were significantly different for future health status, employed women (mean 3.57) had higher scores than unemployed women (mean 3.25) (t = 2.14, p = .034). 5) Comparison of the order of the scores between the two groups showed that the highest score was for internal health locus of control, but there was a statistically no significant difference. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the external health locus of control (t = -3.90, p = .000).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The purpose of this study is to summarize the trend and status of the nursing research in Korea during the last 30 years. Six hundred seventy three papers published in "The Korea Nurse" and "The Journal of Nurses Academic Society" from 1961 to 1990 were included for retrospective descriptive analysis. The questionnaire developed by Sigma Theta Tau was utilized for data collection. Nursing research in Korea in 1960's can be characterized by simple research methods, lack of team project, and lack of research funding. The nursing concepts used frequently were "person" and "nursing". In 1970's, the research method became more diversified. Also, funding was available from the government (Ministry of Education) and industry. Most often studied nursing concepts in 1970's were "person" and "nursing", but "health" was also important concept. Many papers published in 1980's were utilizing more sophisticated research methods and conceptual frameworks based on nursing theories. Also, the society recognized the importance of nursing research and more fundings were available from non-governmental agencies such as university research centers, industry, universities, and hospitals. These fundings allowed the larger scale nursing research projects which required team research. The important nursing concepts employed in nursing research in 1980's were similar to 1970's. the least investigated concept in last 30 years was "environment". The major improvement in nursing research from 1960's to 1970's is quantitative and from 1970's to 1980's is advancement in research methodology. Also, areas of research interest diversified from clinical practice to nursing education and community health care system. As a result of graduate nursing programs, nursing research in 1980's in Korea showed much improvement in quality and quantity. However, majority of nursing research in 1980's was still carried out by individual master's or doctorate student. Thus, main characteristics of nursing research in Korea during the last 30 years can be summarized as training and education of nurse researchers. Nursing research in 1990's should focus on development and expansion of our own unique knowledge. Included in this paper are strategies and plans for future nursing research.

This study attempted to identify the factors related to health behavior and the degree of health practice among the employee of security investment companies in Pusan. The survey data used in the study were collected from 203 white collar employee in 21 companies. The factors considered in the health behavior and the degree of health practice were selected from Pender's model of health promoting behavior and Backer's model of health preventive behavior model. The major findings of the study could be summarized as followings: 1. The most closely associated factors with health behavior were identified as perceived control of disease (r = .393), importance of health (r = .350), pattern of family health care (r = .302), and options of health promotion (r = .215). 2. The study explored that the most closely related factors to the degree of health care practice were annual physical examination and the control of illegal and habitual drug in order. Other behaviors such as hand washing at each return to home, avoidance of indirect smoking, no exchange of glasses, regular exercise, stop or reduction of drinking and smoking, control of high cholesterol food were identified as less effective in the health promotion. 3. The most important factors associated with the less effective behaviors for health promotion were identified as their laziness in continuous practice and the limited time for their habituation. 4. The most important agent contributing to the knowledge and practice of health was identified as mass media.

There was necessary to study that the magnetic application is effective to menstrual pain based on rogers theory about energy exchange. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of magnetic application in primary dysmenorrhea and so this study provide the basic information about nursing intervention of pain relief. The data was gathered from 23 student nurses at S University during the period of June 1. 1992 to October 5. 1992. This study was designed with control group pretest-posttest design to examine the effectiveness of magnetic application in primary dysmenorrhea. The subjects were experiencing self-reported dysmenorrhea above 5 scores measured by GRS during menstruation. The subjects were assigned randomly to one of two groups: 1) an experimental group (n = 11) that applied magnet (800-1299 gauss) or 2) a control group (n = 12) that applied nonmagnet. Both groups' pain level was assessed using the GRS (Graphic Rating Scale) which was developed by Scott and Huskisson (1976), and the ALPRSR (Adjective Labor Pain Rating Scale Rank) and ALPRSS (Adjective Labor Pain Rating Scale Score) which was developed by Park and Hur (1984). The pain level of experimental group was measured first 9 a.m. after beginning of dysmenorrhea, Md (3 hours after applied magnet) and 3 p.m. (3 hours after detached magnet). The pain level of control group was measured first 9 a.m. after beginning of dysmenorrhea, MD (3 hours after applied nonmagnet) and 3 p.m. (3 hours after detached nonmagnet). The both group applied magnet or nonmagnet on the suprapubic area, the bilateral lumbar 3 and above 4FB of the medial malleolus of tibial bilaterally. The research data was analyzed by SPSS/PC+. The results of this study were as follows: 1) 3 hours after applying magnet or nonmagnet (MD), The GRS mean rank was significant difference statistically (p = 0.0001). 2) 3 hours after applying magnet or nonmagnet (MD), the ALPRSR mean rank was significant difference statistically (p = 0.0106). 3) 3 hours after applying magnet or nonmagnet (MD), The ALPRSS mean rank was significant difference statistically (p = 0.0086). 4) 3 hours after detached magnet or nonmagnet (3 p.m.), the GRS mean rank was significant difference statistically (p = 0.0070). 5) 3 hours after detached magnet or nonmagnet (3 p.m.), the ALPRSR mean rank was significant difference statistically (p = 0.0317). 6) 3 hours after detached magnet or nonmagnet (3 p.m.), The ALPRSS mean rank was significant difference statistically (p = 0.0374).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The hospital mortality rate for stroke patients is now approximately 20%. Those who survive stroke are discharged to home disabled and the responsibility for providing adequate care to the patient has fallen primarily on family members. Maintaining the patients in the community may be ideal but it is not without cost. Although it is known that the role of family is critical to stroke rehabilitation, relatively few studies have examined caregiving within context of stroke, and nursing care is still limited to the patients ignoring family caregivers. Therefore, this study using grounded theory method was carried out to explore and explain the experiences of family caregivers from the time of the incidence throughout the course of stroke. The informants of the study were 24 family caregivers caring for the patients with stroke at hospitals or their homes. The study was conducted from March through August, 1992. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, telephone interviews and participant observation. Data collection and analysis were conducted concurrently allowing theoretical sampling and facilitating hypotheses to evolve. According to the results, caregiving has been associated with a range of negative experiences including emotional crisis, physical discomfort, guilty feeling, anxiety, feeling of social isolation, depression, hopelessness, and financial difficulties. Caregiving activities, commitment, recovery pattern accounted for the experiences of family caregivers, and the experiences varied according to the phases of the patient's recovery. The experiences of family caregivers are; emotional crisis upon a sudden occurrence of stroke; physical discomforts during hospitalization and the period the patients need an assistance with bathroom; feeling of social isolation beginning after discharge; and depression, hopelessness thereafter. Anxiety regarding the recurrence of stroke and the patient's prognosis was intensified with the patient's discharge to home. Guilty feeling was related to the caregiver's perceived role inadequacy. The type of relationship between caregiver and patient, sex of caregiver, and caregiver's financial status correlated to the experiences of family caregivers. Considering all the factors being related to such experiences as mentioned above, the following hypothesis were evolved. (1) The family caregivers who perceive that the patient's recovery has not reached their expectation feel higher level of anxiety. (2) Daughters-in-law feel the caregiving experiences more negative than spouses or adult-children. (3) Unmarried adult-children and daughters-in-law feel more of social isolation, depression, and hopelessness when the period of caregiving lasts longer. (4) Family caregivers who are male and self-supportive receive higher family support and feel the caregiving experiences less negatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)