Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)最新文献

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Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association Guidelines for Authors 美国医药协会杂志作者指南

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1331/10865800360467141

引用次数: 1

Zada Mary Cooper (1875-1961) 扎达·玛丽·库珀(1875-1961)

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1331/10865800360467196

Dennis B. Worthen PhD (editor)

引用次数: 2

Where is technology taking pharmacy? (Better yet, where is pharmacy taking technology?). 科技将把制药带向何方?(更好的是，制药公司将科技带到哪里去了?)

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Brad Tice

引用次数: 0

State of CAM education in U.S. schools of pharmacy: results of a national survey. 美国药学院CAM教育现状:一项全国性调查的结果。

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Arjun P Dutta, Monika N Daftary, Patricia Ayuk Egba, Hyon Kang

引用次数: 0

New biotechnology approvals for 2002. 2002年新批准的生物技术。

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Peggy Piascik

引用次数: 0

Sesquicentennial Stepping Stone Summits--Summit Two: pharmacy technicians. 五十周年踏脚石峰会——峰会二:药学技术人员。

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01

引用次数: 0

A Proposed Ethical Framework for Prescription Drug Benefit Allocation Policy 处方药福利分配政策的伦理框架建议

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1331/10865800360467079

J. Russell Teagarden MA (vice president), Norman Daniels PhD (professor), James E. Sabin MD (Professor)

Objectives:

To present an ethical framework that could aid prescription drug benefit design and to propose that such a framework could be organized around a benefit allocation hierarchy.

Summary:

Four hierarchical levels of allocation are proposed, as follows: (1) drug categories and subcategories, (2) individual drugs within covered drug categories, (3) specific indications of covered drugs, and (4) special features of drug use, such as quantities covered for specific indications. Rationales for decision making should address the distinct ethical issues apparent at each level.

Conclusion:

Ethical issues associated with designing and managing a pharmacy benefit can be identified by using a hierarchical prescription drug allocation scheme. Articulating these issues is an important first step toward arriving at a fully developed framework that will serve to produce rationales acceptable to typical stakeholders in prescription drug benefits.

目的:提出一个可以帮助处方药福利设计的伦理框架，并提出这样一个框架可以围绕福利分配层次进行组织。摘要:提出了四个层次的分配:(1)药物类别和子类别，(2)涵盖药物类别中的单个药物，(3)涵盖药物的特定适应症，(4)药物使用的特殊特征，如特定适应症所涵盖的数量。决策的基本原理应该处理在每个层次上明显的不同伦理问题。结论:与药房福利设计和管理相关的伦理问题可以通过使用分层处方药分配方案来识别。阐明这些问题是朝着达成一个充分发展的框架迈出的重要的第一步，该框架将有助于为处方药福利的典型利益相关者提供可接受的理由。

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引用次数: 11

New Biotechnology Approvals for 2002 2002年新生物技术批准

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1331/10865800360467169

Peggy Piascik PhD (associate professor)

引用次数: 0

Autopsy: Coaxing Secrets From the Dead 解剖:从死者身上哄出秘密

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1331/10865800360467006

Jeannette Y. Wick RPh, MBA (senior clinical research pharmacist), Guido R. Zanni PhD

The word “autopsy” was derived from the Greek autopsia, meaning “to see with one's eyes.” Throughout most of history, autopsy findings were limited to what could be deduced from the evidence available to the naked eye. Today, x-ray and medical technology augment the pathologist's eyes, allowing more than just visual examination of bodies. Autopsy is the gold standard for ascertaining cause of death in American medicine, serving to confirm pathology, clinical diagnoses, and the appropriateness of pre-death treatments. Autopsy findings wind their way to practicing pharmacists via circuitous routes. Researchers and toxicologists use autopsy findings to monitor how drugs really work over the short and long terms. Regulators and legislators connect autopsy findings with police reports, medication error reports, and case reports to develop new labeling or implement stricter laws. Medical chemists use the same findings to seek new and better drugs. Language: en

引用次数: 3

Pain management content in curricula of U.S. schools of pharmacy. 美国药学院课程中疼痛管理的内容。

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)

Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Rubina M Singh, Susan L Wyant

Objectives: To identify individuals in schools of pharmacy in the United States who are responsible for covering the topic of pain management in courses for doctor of pharmacy students and to describe how and at what depth pain management is covered in pharmacy school curricula.

Design: One-time qualitative assessment.

Setting: Schools of pharmacy in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight faculty members with the rank of professor, associate professor, or assistant professor who had been employed in their current positions for at least 2 years and who were directly involved in preparing and teaching didactic courses that address pain management.

Intervention: In-depth telephone interviews.

Main outcome measures: Qualitative responses to open-ended interview questions.

Results: While pain management was included in the curricula of all 28 schools of pharmacy, it was generally covered in a fragmented way, usually as part of presentations on diseases with pain as a prominent feature (e.g., cancer pain addressed during oncology lectures) or as part of discussions of analgesics. Only two schools offered stand-alone courses in pain management, and both of those courses were electives that were taken by an average of 15 students per year. Three-fourths of respondents believed that pain was being given too little emphasis in their schools' curricula. Palliative care and the use of medications in the treatment of cancer pain was not presented in a standardized manner, and respondents were unsure of how the subject was covered in pharmacy law classes. Instruction about the diagnosis of pain, patient assessment, and physical examination was reported as "minimal" by most respondents. Respondents perceived a need for a single, complete reference and teaching resource that would address the entire spectrum of pain management as it applies to pharmacy.

Conclusion: The topic of pain management is poorly presented and inadequately developed in the curricula of many U.S. schools of pharmacy.

目的:确定美国药学院中负责在药学博士学生课程中涵盖疼痛管理主题的个人，并描述疼痛管理在药学院课程中的覆盖方式和深度。设计:一次性定性评估。背景:美国的药学院。参与者28名教授、副教授或助理教授级别的教职员工，他们在目前的职位上至少工作了2年，并且直接参与了关于疼痛管理的教学课程的准备和教学。干预:深度电话访谈。主要结果测量:对开放式面试问题的定性反应。结果:虽然疼痛管理被纳入所有28所药学院的课程，但它通常以碎片化的方式覆盖，通常作为以疼痛为突出特征的疾病的一部分(例如，肿瘤讲座中讨论的癌症疼痛)或作为镇痛药讨论的一部分。只有两所学校开设了疼痛管理方面的独立课程，而且这两门课程都是选修课程，平均每年有15名学生选修。四分之三的受访者认为，学校课程对疼痛的重视程度过低。姑息治疗和癌症疼痛治疗中药物的使用没有以标准化的方式呈现，受访者不确定如何在药学法课程中涵盖该主题。关于疼痛诊断、患者评估和体格检查的指导被大多数应答者报告为“极少”。受访者认为需要一个单一的，完整的参考和教学资源，将解决整个范围的疼痛管理，因为它适用于药房。结论:疼痛管理的主题是很差的提出和不充分发展在许多美国药房学校的课程。

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引用次数: 0

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