Cultural diversity and mental health最新文献_第5页

Getting the message: media images and stereotypes and their effect on Asian Americans. 获取信息:媒体形象和刻板印象及其对亚裔美国人的影响。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.4.3.185

Teresa A. Mok

Mass media sources such as television and movies arguably offer up little in the way of positive Asian/Asian American images or role models. This article contends that the media do not often portray the diversity that is inherent within the Asian American culture and that such a paucity of Asian images may greatly affect perceptions Asian Americans may hold both of their own racial group and of the larger society. This article examines both media images of Asians and Asian Americans and autobiographical information from Asian American literature to illustrate the potentially detrimental effects of being a person of color in a society that emphasizes a monoracial standard of beauty. Information gleaned from first-hand accounts from Asian Americans often points to the media as a potent source of information as to how attractiveness is defined and measured. This article concludes with a discussion of some brief case examples and ethical imperatives for mental health workers in terms of both self-awareness and education as well as considerations for culturally sensitive therapy.

可以说，电视和电影等大众媒体几乎没有提供积极的亚洲/亚裔美国人形象或榜样。这篇文章认为，媒体往往没有描绘出亚裔美国人文化中固有的多样性，而亚洲形象的缺乏可能会极大地影响亚裔美国人对自己种族群体和更大社会的看法。本文考察了亚洲人和亚裔美国人的媒体形象，以及亚裔美国人文学中的自传体信息，以说明在一个强调单一审美标准的社会中，作为一个有色人种的潜在有害影响。从亚裔美国人的第一手资料中收集到的信息往往指向媒体，作为如何定义和衡量吸引力的有力信息来源。本文最后讨论了一些简短的案例和精神卫生工作者在自我意识和教育方面的道德要求，以及对文化敏感治疗的考虑。

引用次数: 114

Masculinity ideology among young African American and European American women and men in different regions of the United States. 美国不同地区非裔美国人和欧裔美国青年男女的男子气概意识形态。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.4.3.227

R. Levant, R. Majors, M. Kelley

This is a report of 2 studies. Study 1, a replication of R.F. Levant and R.G. Majors (1997), examined variations in the endorsement of traditional and nontraditional masculinity ideology, by gender and race, among 270 African American and 226 European American young men and women using the Male Role Norms Inventory (MRNI; Levant & Fischer, in press). Although both gender and race differences in masculinity ideology were significant, gender had a larger effect size. Study 2, focused on the effect of residence in different geographic regions of the country, compared the MRNI scores of the more metropolitan Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic sample of the present study with those of the more rural Southern sample used by Levant and Majors. This study found that the effect of geographic place of residence moderates the effect of race on masculinity ideology, which underscores the importance of subcultural variations (e.g., metropolitan vs. rural) within cultural groups defined by race.

这是一份关于两项研究的报告。研究1复制了R.F. Levant和R.G. Majors(1997)的研究结果，研究了270名非洲裔美国人和226名欧洲裔美国青年男女对传统和非传统男子气概意识形态的认可差异，并根据性别和种族进行了调查。Levant & Fischer，出版中)。虽然男性意识形态的性别和种族差异都很显著，但性别的效应量更大。研究2侧重于居住在该国不同地理区域的影响，将本研究中更大都市的东北部和大西洋中部样本的MRNI分数与黎凡特和梅杰斯使用的更农村的南部样本的MRNI分数进行比较。本研究发现，居住地理位置的影响缓和了种族对男子气概意识形态的影响，这强调了亚文化差异(例如，城市与农村)在种族定义的文化群体中的重要性。

引用次数: 122

Asian Americans and standards of attractiveness: what's in the eye of the beholder? 亚裔美国人与吸引力标准:情人眼里出西施?

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.4.1.1

T. A. Mok

This article attempts to address standards of physical attractiveness in the United States and the effects these standards have on Asian Americans. In the U.S., attractiveness appears to be defined overwhelmingly by White criteria, and people of color are often neglected or overlooked. There appears to be convergence from a number of fields (i.e., ethnic studies, film studies, and literature, in addition to experts in the field of ethnic minority mental health) that White standards of attractiveness exert a deleterious effect on Asian Americans. This article will discuss the limited mental health research that does exist in this area and make suggestions for further research in this field. Discussion will center around acculturation and ethnic identity as possible mediating factors that may influence reactions to standards of attractiveness.

本文试图阐述美国的外表吸引力标准以及这些标准对亚裔美国人的影响。在美国，外貌的吸引力似乎主要以白人的标准来定义，有色人种经常被忽视或忽视。许多领域(例如，种族研究、电影研究和文学，以及少数民族心理健康领域的专家)似乎都一致认为，白人的吸引力标准对亚裔美国人产生了有害的影响。本文将讨论在这一领域存在的有限的心理健康研究，并对这一领域的进一步研究提出建议。讨论将围绕文化适应和种族认同作为可能影响对吸引力标准反应的中介因素展开。

引用次数: 37

Intimate violence in a southwestern American Indian tribal community. 美国西南部印第安部落社区的亲密暴力。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.4.4.335

R. Robin, B. Chester, J. K. Rasmussen

Much has been written about intimate violence and American Indians, but little empirical data are available. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of intimate violence among 104 members of a Southwestern American Indian tribe. A semistructured psychiatric interview and a measure of intimate violence were administered to 104 tribal community members from an overall study sample of 582. Both men and women reported high rates of lifetime (91%) and recent (31%) intimate violence; much of this behavior was interactive. However, female victims were more likely to require medical attention because of sustained injuries and to have their children involved with the violence than were male victims. For women in this study, forced sex was the only incident significantly associated with lifetime affective disorders and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder. In this Southwestern American Indian community, intimate violence appears to be another variable in an environmental context that includes alcoholism, other psychiatric disorders, and traumatic events.

关于亲密暴力和美洲印第安人的文章很多，但很少有经验数据可用。本研究调查了美国西南部一个印第安部落的104名成员的亲密暴力的流行程度和特征。研究人员对582名部落社区成员中的104人进行了半结构化的精神病学访谈和亲密暴力测量。男性和女性报告终生(91%)和最近(31%)的亲密暴力发生率都很高;这些行为大多是互动的。然而，与男性受害者相比，女性受害者更有可能因持续受伤而需要医疗照顾，并使其子女参与暴力行为。在这项研究中，强迫性行为是唯一与终生情感障碍和终生创伤后应激障碍显著相关的事件。在这个美国西南部的印第安人社区，亲密暴力似乎是环境背景下的另一个变量，包括酗酒、其他精神疾病和创伤性事件。

引用次数: 44

Ethnicity and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. 精神分裂症患者的种族和阴性症状

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01

A M Dassori, A L Miller, D Velligan, D Saldana, P Diamond, R Mahurin

The purpose of this study was to assess ethnic differences in the negative symptom profile of 25 Anglo American and 26 Mexican American subjects with schizophrenia. Subjects were rated at the end of a 1-2-week medication washout period (time 1) and at discharge (time 2) with the Negative Symptoms Assessment (NSA), Brief Psychiatric Research Scale, (BPRS), the [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition)] DSM-IV negative factor score and LAECA acculturation scale. Total NSA scores were significantly higher among Mexican Americans both at time 1 and time 2. Among the five subscales of the NSA, ethnic differences were significant only for the Cognition subscale at time 1. Results indicate no ethnic differences in core negative symptoms (alogia, avolition, flat affect), but do suggest that a cognition-related factor differs between Mexican American and Anglo American schizophrenic patients.

本研究的目的是评估25名盎格鲁裔美国人和26名墨西哥裔美国人精神分裂症患者的阴性症状特征的种族差异。在1-2周的药物洗脱期结束(时间1)和出院(时间2)时，对受试者进行阴性症状评估(NSA)、精神病学简要研究量表(BPRS)、《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第四版)》DSM-IV阴性因素评分和LAECA文化适应量表的评定。在时间1和时间2中，墨西哥裔美国人的总NSA得分明显更高。在NSA的五个分量表中，只有认知分量表在时间1时存在显著的种族差异。结果显示，在核心阴性症状(痛症、逃避、平淡情绪)上，种族间没有差异，但确实提示墨西哥裔美国人和英美裔美国人精神分裂症患者之间存在认知相关因素的差异。

引用次数: 0

Introduction: intimate violence in communities of color. 引言:有色人种社区中的亲密暴力。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.4.4.303

A F Chang

引用次数: 0

Intimate violence in a southwestern American Indian tribal community. 美国西南部印第安部落社区的亲密暴力。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01

R W Robin, B Chester, J K Rasmussen

Much has been written about intimate violence and American Indians, but little empirical data are available. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of intimate violence among 104 members of a Southwestern American Indian tribe. A semistructured psychiatric interview and a measure of intimate violence were administered to 104 tribal community members from an overall study sample of 582. Both men and women reported high rates of lifetime (91%) and recent (31%) intimate violence; much of this behavior was interactive. However, female victims were more likely to require medical attention because of sustained injuries and to have their children involved with the violence than were male victims. For women in this study, forced sex was the only incident significantly associated with lifetime affective disorders and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder. In this Southwestern American Indian community, intimate violence appears to be another variable in an environmental context that includes alcoholism, other psychiatric disorders, and traumatic events.

关于亲密暴力和美洲印第安人的文章很多，但很少有经验数据可用。本研究调查了美国西南部一个印第安部落的104名成员的亲密暴力的流行程度和特征。研究人员对582名部落社区成员中的104人进行了半结构化的精神病学访谈和亲密暴力测量。男性和女性报告终生(91%)和最近(31%)的亲密暴力发生率都很高;这些行为大多是互动的。然而，与男性受害者相比，女性受害者更有可能因持续受伤而需要医疗照顾，并使其子女参与暴力行为。在这项研究中，强迫性行为是唯一与终生情感障碍和终生创伤后应激障碍显著相关的事件。在这个美国西南部的印第安人社区，亲密暴力似乎是环境背景下的另一个变量，包括酗酒、其他精神疾病和创伤性事件。

引用次数: 0

Attitudes toward counseling among Asian Indians in the United States. 美国亚裔印度人对心理咨询的态度。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037//1099-9809.4.1.55

Panganamala Nr, Plummer Dl

Research suggests that Asian Indian immigrants do not consider counseling as an option for problem resolution. This study examined attitudes toward counseling among 101 Asian Indians and predicted that Asian Indian immigrants would espouse negative attitudes toward counseling and thus dismiss counseling as a coping strategy, whereas second-generation immigrants would have more positive opinions. Perceived prestige, pride, and privacy were factors predicted to positively correlate with negative attitudes. Results from an attitude survey created by the authors suggest that Asian Indians reported more neutral or fairly positive attitudes toward counseling than were expected. Individuals who immigrated before 10 years of age responded with more positive attitudes to counseling than did those who immigrated at a later age.

研究表明，亚裔印度移民不认为咨询是解决问题的一种选择。本研究调查了101位亚裔印度人对心理咨询的态度，并预测亚裔印度移民对心理咨询持消极态度，因此不认为心理咨询是一种应对策略，而第二代移民则持积极态度。感知到的声望、骄傲和隐私被预测为与消极态度正相关的因素。作者进行的一项态度调查的结果表明，亚裔印度人对心理咨询的态度比预期的更为中立或相当积极。在10岁之前移民的人对咨询的态度比那些在更晚的年龄移民的人更积极。

引用次数: 21

Cultural intersections and systems levels in counseling. 心理咨询中的文化交集和系统层次。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037//1099-9809.4.2.127

C. Clauss

A clinical case is presented in which a systemic approach to psychotherapy was used. This approach to clinical work is crucial in that the interactive pattern of social and institutional relationships is seen as the context for treatment. Systems theory allows the clinician to move away from a cultural way of thinking about clinical work focused on the individual, and instead views the individual in interaction with multiple systems as the focus for clinical intervention. This case study illustrates the nature of systemic work by demonstrating four levels of systems that have an impact on work with the patient: the individual level, the family systems level, the clinic system level, and the agency level. The case highlights how therapists in training might consider the context of larger systems that influence the environmental and psychological factors in their patients' lives.

一个临床案例是提出了一个系统的方法来心理治疗被使用。这种临床工作方法是至关重要的，因为社会和机构关系的互动模式被视为治疗的背景。系统理论允许临床医生摆脱以个人为中心的临床工作的文化思维方式，而是将与多个系统相互作用的个人视为临床干预的重点。本案例研究通过展示对患者工作有影响的系统的四个层面来说明系统工作的本质:个人层面、家庭系统层面、诊所系统层面和机构层面。这个案例强调了训练中的治疗师如何考虑影响患者生活中的环境和心理因素的更大系统的背景。

引用次数: 2

Coming out in primetime: the mental health impact of Ellen's "debut". 在黄金时段公布:艾伦“首次亮相”对心理健康的影响。

Cultural diversity and mental health

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1037//1099-9809.4.2.135

Caitlin Conor Ryan, Andrew M. Boxer

引用次数: 4