Monthly vital statistics report最新文献

Objectives: This report presents 1996 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant health characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown including teenage birth rates and total fertility rates, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.9 million births that occurred in 1996 are presented.

Results: Birth and fertility rates declined very slightly in 1996. Birth rates for teenagers fell 3 to 8 percent. Rates for women in their twenties increased slightly in 1996, the first increase since 1990, while rates for women in their thirties rose 2 to 3 percent. The number and percent of births to unmarried women increased slightly in 1996 while the birth rate for unmarried women declined modestly. Smoking by pregnant women overall dropped again in 1996, but increased among teenagers. Improvements in prenatal care utilization continued. The cesarean delivery rate declined. The proportion of multiple births continued to rise; higher order multiple births (e.g., triplets, quadruplets) rose by 19 percent. Key measures of birth outcome--the percents of low birthweight and preterm births--increased slightly, in large part the result of increases in multiple births.

Objectives: This report provides State-specific birth rates for teenagers for 1991 and 1996 and the percent change, 1991-96.

Methods: Tabular and graphical description of trends in teenage birth rates by age group for each State.

Results: Birth rates for teenagers 15-19 years declined significantly in all but three States between 1991 and 1996. Declines by State ranged from 6 to 29 percent.

Objectives: This report presents infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set (linked file)-1995 period data by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. Trends in birthweight-specific infant mortality rates from 1985-95 are also discussed.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of data from the linked file are presented. The data include infant deaths in 1995, which are linked to their corresponding birth certificates, whether the birth occurred in 1995 or 1994. The denominator used to compute infant mortality rates is the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) natality file, which includes all births in 1995. Data are weighted to compensate for the 2.5 percent of infant death records that could not be linked to their corresponding birth certificates.

Results: In general, mortality rates were lowest for infants born to Asian and Pacific Islander mothers, followed by white, American Indian, and black mothers. Rates for infants of Hispanic origin mothers were slightly lower than or comparable to those for infants of white mothers, except for infants of Puerto Rican mothers who had higher infant mortality rates. Infant mortality rates were higher for those infants whose mothers began prenatal care after the first trimester of pregnancy, were teenagers or 40 years of age or older, did not complete high school, were unmarried, or smoked during pregnancy. Infant mortality was also higher for male infants, multiple births, and infants born preterm or at low birthweight. In 1995, 63 percent of all infant deaths occurred to the 7.3 percent of infants born at low birthweight. From 1985-95, birthweight-specific infant mortality rates declined most rapidly for infants weighing 750-1,499 grams at birth. The leading causes of infant death varied considerably by race and Hispanic origin. For infants of black mothers, Disorders related to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight was the leading cause of infant death, with an infant mortality rate 4.5 times higher than that for infants of white mothers. For infants of American Indian mothers, rates for Sudden infant death syndrome were 2.9 times and for Accidents and adverse effects 3.6 times higher than those for infants of white mothers. For infants of Hispanic mothers, mortality rates from Sudden infant death syndrome were one-third lower than those for infants of white mothers.

Objectives: This report presents trend data on births in the United States to women of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin, from 1989 to 1995, for a wide variety of characteristics. Hispanic women data are presented where possible separately for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other Hispanic women while for non-Hispanic women data are shown for white and black women. Maternal demographic characteristics include age, marital status, live-birth order, educational attainment, and mother's place of birth. Health care utilization items include timing of prenatal care, cesarean delivery rate, place of birth and midwife attendance. Infant health characteristics include percents born preterm, low birthweight, very low birthweight, and percent born in multiple births. Trend data for the number of births by State are also presented.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of births of Hispanic origin of the mother for births that occurred from 1989 through 1995 are presented.

Results: The number of births born to Hispanic women has risen every year from 1989 to 1995. In addition in 1989 Hispanic women had 14 percent of births in the United States and in 1995 they represented 18 percent. While Hispanic women as a group continue to have higher fertility rates than non-Hispanics, Mexican women in particular have dramatically higher rates. While increases in early prenatal care were observed for all women in the United States, increases were particularly substantial for Hispanic women. The cesarean section rate has been dropping in the United States; yet while rates for Cuban women have also been dropping, the rates are nearly 50 percent higher than those for any other population subgroup.