Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09820-4
Murat Can Aşkaroğulları, Atabey Kaygun
We prove that the Leibniz PROP is isomorphic as (Bbbk )-linear categories (not as monoidal categories) to the symmetric crossed presimplicial algebra (Bbbk [(Delta ^+)^{op} mathbb {S}]) where (Delta ^+) is the skeletal category of finite well-ordered sets with surjections, but the distributive law between ((Delta ^+)^{op}) and the symmetric groups (mathbb {S} = bigsqcup _{nge 1} S_n) is not the standard one.
{"title":"The Leibniz PROP is a Crossed Presimplicial Algebra","authors":"Murat Can Aşkaroğulları, Atabey Kaygun","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09820-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09820-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We prove that the Leibniz PROP is isomorphic as <span>(Bbbk )</span>-linear categories (not as monoidal categories) to the symmetric crossed presimplicial algebra <span>(Bbbk [(Delta ^+)^{op} mathbb {S}])</span> where <span>(Delta ^+)</span> is the skeletal category of finite well-ordered sets with surjections, but the distributive law between <span>((Delta ^+)^{op})</span> and the symmetric groups <span>(mathbb {S} = bigsqcup _{nge 1} S_n)</span> is not the standard one.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09821-3
Kensuke Arakawa
We provide details of the proof of Lurie’s theorem on operadic Kan extensions. Along the way, we generalize the construction of monoidal envelopes of (infty )-operads to families of (infty )-operads and use it to construct the fiberwise direct sum functor, both of which we characterize by certain universal properties. Aside from their use in elaborating the proof of Lurie’s theorem, these results and constructions have their independent interest.
{"title":"Monoidal Envelopes of Families of (infty )-Operads and (infty )-Operadic Kan Extensions","authors":"Kensuke Arakawa","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09821-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09821-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide details of the proof of Lurie’s theorem on operadic Kan extensions. Along the way, we generalize the construction of monoidal envelopes of <span>(infty )</span>-operads to families of <span>(infty )</span>-operads and use it to construct the fiberwise direct sum functor, both of which we characterize by certain universal properties. Aside from their use in elaborating the proof of Lurie’s theorem, these results and constructions have their independent interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09819-x
Nadja Egner, Marino Gran
We prove that the category 2-(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C})) of internal 2-groupoids is a Birkhoff subcategory of the category (textrm{Grpd}^2(mathscr {C})) of double groupoids in a regular Mal’tsev category (mathscr {C}) with finite colimits, and we provide a simple description of the reflector. In particular, when (mathscr {C}) is a Mal’tsev variety of universal algebras, the category 2-(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C})) is also a Mal’tsev variety, of which we describe the corresponding algebraic theory. When (mathscr {C}) is a naturally Mal’tsev category, the reflector from (textrm{Grpd}^2(mathscr {C})) to 2-(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C})) has an additional property related to the commutator of equivalence relations. We prove that the category 2-(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C})) is semi-abelian when (mathscr {C}) is semi-abelian, and then provide sufficient conditions for 2-(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C})) to be action representable.
{"title":"Double Groupoids and 2-Groupoids in Regular Mal’tsev Categories","authors":"Nadja Egner, Marino Gran","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09819-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09819-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We prove that the category 2-<span>(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C}))</span> of internal 2-groupoids is a Birkhoff subcategory of the category <span>(textrm{Grpd}^2(mathscr {C}))</span> of double groupoids in a regular Mal’tsev category <span>(mathscr {C})</span> with finite colimits, and we provide a simple description of the reflector. In particular, when <span>(mathscr {C})</span> is a Mal’tsev variety of universal algebras, the category 2-<span>(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C}))</span> is also a Mal’tsev variety, of which we describe the corresponding algebraic theory. When <span>(mathscr {C})</span> is a naturally Mal’tsev category, the reflector from <span>(textrm{Grpd}^2(mathscr {C}))</span> to 2-<span>(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C}))</span> has an additional property related to the commutator of equivalence relations. We prove that the category 2-<span>(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C}))</span> is semi-abelian when <span>(mathscr {C})</span> is semi-abelian, and then provide sufficient conditions for 2-<span>(textrm{Grpd}(mathscr {C}))</span> to be action representable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09811-5
Ando Razafindrakoto
It is known that the construction of the frame of ideals from a distributive lattice induces a monad whose algebras are precisely the frames and frame homomorphisms. Using the Fakir construction of an idempotent approximation of a monad, we extend B. Jacobs’ results on lax idempotent monads and show that the sequence of monads and comonads generated by successive iterations of this ideal functor on its algebras and coalgebras do not strictly lead to a new category. We further extend this result and provide a new proof of the equivalence between distributive lattices and coherent frames by showing that when the first inductive step in the Fakir construction is the identity monad, then the ambient category is equivalent to the category of free algebras.
{"title":"Monadic Aspects of the Ideal Lattice Functor on the Category of Distributive Lattices","authors":"Ando Razafindrakoto","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09811-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09811-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is known that the construction of the frame of ideals from a distributive lattice induces a monad whose algebras are precisely the frames and frame homomorphisms. Using the Fakir construction of an idempotent approximation of a monad, we extend B. Jacobs’ results on lax idempotent monads and show that the sequence of monads and comonads generated by successive iterations of this ideal functor on its algebras and coalgebras do not strictly lead to a new category. We further extend this result and provide a new proof of the equivalence between distributive lattices and coherent frames by showing that when the first inductive step in the Fakir construction is the identity monad, then the ambient category is equivalent to the category of free algebras.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10485-025-09811-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09817-z
Cameron Calk, Philippe Malbos, Damien Pous, Georg Struth
We introduce (omega )-catoids as generalisations of (strict) (omega )-categories and in particular the higher path categories generated by computads or polygraphs in higher-dimensional rewriting. We also introduce (omega )-quantales that generalise the (omega )-Kleene algebras recently proposed for algebraic coherence proofs in higher-dimensional rewriting. We then establish correspondences between (omega )-catoids and convolution (omega )-quantales. These are related to Jónsson-Tarski-style dualisms between relational structures and lattices with operators. We extend these correspondences to ((omega,p))-catoids, catoids with a groupoid structure above some dimension, and convolution ((omega,p))-quantales, using Dedekind quantales above some dimension to capture homotopic constructions and proofs in higher-dimensional rewriting. We also specialise them to finitely decomposable ((omega, p))-catoids, an appropriate setting for defining ((omega, p))-semirings and ((omega, p))-Kleene algebras. These constructions support the systematic development and justification of (omega )-Kleene algebra and (omega )-quantale axioms, improving on the recent approach mentioned, where axioms for (omega )-Kleene algebras have been introduced in an ad hoc fashion.
{"title":"Higher Catoids, Higher Quantales and their Correspondences","authors":"Cameron Calk, Philippe Malbos, Damien Pous, Georg Struth","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09817-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09817-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce <span>(omega )</span>-catoids as generalisations of (strict) <span>(omega )</span>-categories and in particular the higher path categories generated by computads or polygraphs in higher-dimensional rewriting. We also introduce <span>(omega )</span>-quantales that generalise the <span>(omega )</span>-Kleene algebras recently proposed for algebraic coherence proofs in higher-dimensional rewriting. We then establish correspondences between <span>(omega )</span>-catoids and convolution <span>(omega )</span>-quantales. These are related to Jónsson-Tarski-style dualisms between relational structures and lattices with operators. We extend these correspondences to <span>((omega,p))</span>-catoids, catoids with a groupoid structure above some dimension, and convolution <span>((omega,p))</span>-quantales, using Dedekind quantales above some dimension to capture homotopic constructions and proofs in higher-dimensional rewriting. We also specialise them to finitely decomposable <span>((omega, p))</span>-catoids, an appropriate setting for defining <span>((omega, p))</span>-semirings and <span>((omega, p))</span>-Kleene algebras. These constructions support the systematic development and justification of <span>(omega )</span>-Kleene algebra and <span>(omega )</span>-quantale axioms, improving on the recent approach mentioned, where axioms for <span>(omega )</span>-Kleene algebras have been introduced in an ad hoc fashion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10485-025-09817-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09816-0
Sergio Arturo Celani, Luciano Javier González
In [N. Bezhanishvili and W. H. Holliday. Choice-free Stone duality. J. Symb. Log., 85(1):109–148, 2020.], the authors develop a choice-free topological duality for the algebraic category of Boolean algebras. We adapt the techniques and constructions given by Bezhanishvili and Holliday to develop a topological duality for the algebraic category of Tarski algebras without using the Axiom of Choice. Then, we show that the duality presented here for Tarski algebras is in fact a generalization of the duality given by Bezhanishvili and Holliday for Boolean algebras. We also obtain a choice-free topological duality for the algebraic category of generalized Boolean algebra.
在[N。Bezhanishvili和W. H. Holliday。无选择石的二元性。j . Symb。日志。中国生物医学工程学报,28(1):389 - 398,2020。],作者为布尔代数的代数范畴开发了一个无选择拓扑对偶。我们采用Bezhanishvili和Holliday给出的技术和构造,在不使用选择公理的情况下,发展了Tarski代数范畴的拓扑对偶性。然后,我们证明了这里给出的Tarski代数的对偶性实际上是Bezhanishvili和Holliday给出的布尔代数对偶性的推广。对于广义布尔代数的代数范畴,我们也得到了一个无选择拓扑对偶。
{"title":"Choice-Free Duality for Tarski Algebras","authors":"Sergio Arturo Celani, Luciano Javier González","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09816-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09816-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In [N. Bezhanishvili and W. H. Holliday. Choice-free Stone duality. J. Symb. Log., 85(1):109–148, 2020.], the authors develop a choice-free topological duality for the algebraic category of Boolean algebras. We adapt the techniques and constructions given by Bezhanishvili and Holliday to develop a topological duality for the algebraic category of Tarski algebras without using the Axiom of Choice. Then, we show that the duality presented here for Tarski algebras is in fact a generalization of the duality given by Bezhanishvili and Holliday for Boolean algebras. We also obtain a choice-free topological duality for the algebraic category of generalized Boolean algebra.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09810-6
Adrian Miranda
A pseudomonad on a 2-category whose underlying endomorphism is a 2-functor can be seen as a diagram (textbf{Psmnd} rightarrow textbf{Gray}) for which weighted limits and colimits can be considered. The 2-category of pseudoalgebras, pseudomorphisms and 2-cells is such a Gray-enriched weighted limit [21], however neither the Kleisli bicategory nor the 2-category of free pseudoalgebras are the analogous weighted colimit [13]. In this paper we describe the actual weighted colimit via a presentation, and show that the comparison 2-functor induced by any other pseudoadjunction splitting the original pseudomonad is bi-fully faithful. As a consequence, we see that biessential surjectivity on objects characterises left pseudoadjoints whose codomains have an ‘up to biequivalence’ version of the universal property for Kleisli objects. This motivates a homotopical study of Kleisli objects for pseudomonads, and to this end we show that the weight for Kleisli objects is cofibrant in the projective model structure on the enriched functor category ([textbf{Psmnd}^text {op} , textbf{Gray}]).
{"title":"Enriched Kleisli Objects for Pseudomonads","authors":"Adrian Miranda","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09810-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09810-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A pseudomonad on a 2-category whose underlying endomorphism is a 2-functor can be seen as a diagram <span>(textbf{Psmnd} rightarrow textbf{Gray})</span> for which weighted limits and colimits can be considered. The 2-category of pseudoalgebras, pseudomorphisms and 2-cells is such a Gray-enriched weighted limit [21], however neither the Kleisli bicategory nor the 2-category of free pseudoalgebras are the analogous weighted colimit [13]. In this paper we describe the actual weighted colimit via a presentation, and show that the comparison 2-functor induced by any other pseudoadjunction splitting the original pseudomonad is bi-fully faithful. As a consequence, we see that biessential surjectivity on objects characterises left pseudoadjoints whose codomains have an ‘up to biequivalence’ version of the universal property for Kleisli objects. This motivates a homotopical study of Kleisli objects for pseudomonads, and to this end we show that the weight for Kleisli objects is cofibrant in the projective model structure on the enriched functor category <span>([textbf{Psmnd}^text {op} , textbf{Gray}])</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10485-025-09810-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09812-4
Arne Mertens
We follow the work of Aguiar (Internal categories and quantum groups. PhD Thesis, Cornell University, 1997) on internal categories and introduce simplicial objects internal to a monoidal category as certain colax monoidal functors. Then we compare three approaches to equipping them with a discrete set of vertices. We introduce based colax monoidal functors and show that under suitable conditions they are equivalent to the templicial objects defined by Lowen and Mertens (Algebr Geom Topol, 2024). We also compare templicial objects to the enriched Segal precategories appearing in Lurie ((Infinity,2)-categories and the Goodwillie calculus I. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.0462v2), Simpson (Homotopy theory of higher categories. New mathematical monographs, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, vol 19, p 634, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511978111) and Bacard (Theory Appl Categ 35:1227–1267, 2020), and show that they are equivalent for cartesian monoidal categories, but not in general.
{"title":"Discrete Vertices in Simplicial Objects Internal to a Monoidal Category","authors":"Arne Mertens","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09812-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09812-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We follow the work of Aguiar (Internal categories and quantum groups. PhD Thesis, Cornell University, 1997) on internal categories and introduce simplicial objects internal to a monoidal category as certain colax monoidal functors. Then we compare three approaches to equipping them with a discrete set of vertices. We introduce based colax monoidal functors and show that under suitable conditions they are equivalent to the templicial objects defined by Lowen and Mertens (Algebr Geom Topol, 2024). We also compare templicial objects to the enriched Segal precategories appearing in Lurie ((Infinity,2)-categories and the Goodwillie calculus I. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.0462v2), Simpson (Homotopy theory of higher categories. New mathematical monographs, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, vol 19, p 634, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511978111) and Bacard (Theory Appl Categ 35:1227–1267, 2020), and show that they are equivalent for cartesian monoidal categories, but not in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09815-1
Danny Stevenson
We prove that for any bisimplicial set X, the natural comparison map between the diagonal dX and the total simplicial set TX is a categorical equivalence in the sense of Joyal and Lurie.
{"title":"A remark on the total simplicial set functor","authors":"Danny Stevenson","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09815-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09815-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We prove that for any bisimplicial set <i>X</i>, the natural comparison map between the diagonal <i>dX</i> and the total simplicial set <i>TX</i> is a categorical equivalence in the sense of Joyal and Lurie.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10485-025-09815-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s10485-025-09813-3
Jinming Fang
In this paper, a notion of 0-ideals on a set is proposed and further it is shown that 0-ideals give rise to a power-enriched monad (mathbb {Z})=(({textbf{Z}},m,e)) on the category of sets, namely a 0-ideal monad. As a first application, a new characterization of approach spaces is given by verifying that the category ({mathbb {Z}})-Mon of ({mathbb {Z}})-monoids is isomorphic to the category App of approach spaces. The second application consists of two components: (i) Based on 0-ideals, a concept of approach 0-convergence spaces is introduced. (ii) By using the Kleisli extension of ({textbf{Z}}), the existence of an isomorphism between the category AConv of approach 0-convergence spaces and the category ({(mathbb {Z},2)})-Cat of relational ({mathbb {Z}})-algebras is verified. Then from the fact that ({mathbb {Z}})-Mon and ({(mathbb {Z},2)})-Cat are isomorphic, another new description of approach spaces is obtained by an isomorphism between AConv and App.
{"title":"0-Ideal Monad and Its Applications to Approach Spaces","authors":"Jinming Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10485-025-09813-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10485-025-09813-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a notion of 0-ideals on a set is proposed and further it is shown that 0-ideals give rise to a power-enriched monad <span>(mathbb {Z})</span>=<span>(({textbf{Z}},m,e))</span> on the category of sets, namely <i>a 0-ideal monad</i>. As a first application, a new characterization of approach spaces is given by verifying that the category <span>({mathbb {Z}})</span>-<b>Mon</b> of <span>({mathbb {Z}})</span>-monoids is isomorphic to the category <b>App</b> of approach spaces. The second application consists of two components: (i) Based on 0-ideals, a concept of approach 0-convergence spaces is introduced. (ii) By using the Kleisli extension of <span>({textbf{Z}})</span>, the existence of an isomorphism between the category <b>AConv</b> of approach 0-convergence spaces and the category <span>({(mathbb {Z},2)})</span>-<b>Cat</b> of relational <span>({mathbb {Z}})</span>-algebras is verified. Then from the fact that <span>({mathbb {Z}})</span>-<b>Mon</b> and <span>({(mathbb {Z},2)})</span>-<b>Cat</b> are isomorphic, another new description of approach spaces is obtained by an isomorphism between <b>AConv</b> and <b>App</b>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7952,"journal":{"name":"Applied Categorical Structures","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}