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Health and population; perspectives and issues最新文献

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Principles of steam sterilization. 蒸汽灭菌原理。
Health and population; perspectives and issues
Pub Date : 1978-01-01
A K Nagpal, A K Shriniwas

Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, is by far the most reliable medium, known for the destruction of all forms of microbial life. Steam sterilisation, therefore, is the most economical, effective and widely used method of seeking sterilisation in hospital practice. This article aims at describing the principle mechanism that makes steam an effective destruction of micro-organisms, the equipment that is most commonly used for the purpose and the practical methods of testing for sterility. The application of these principles, it is hoped, will ensure standardisation and quality control of routine sterilisation practice in hospitals thus, contributing towards the reduction in the incidence of hospital acquired infection.

在压力下以饱和蒸汽形式存在的湿热，是迄今为止最可靠的介质，它以毁灭一切形式的微生物生命而闻名。因此，蒸汽灭菌是医院实践中最经济、有效和广泛使用的灭菌方法。本文的目的是描述使蒸汽有效地消灭微生物的原理机制，最常用的设备和无菌检验的实用方法。希望这些原则的应用将确保医院常规消毒实践的标准化和质量控制，从而有助于减少医院获得性感染的发生率。
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引用次数: 0
Organisation of health services in Nigeria. 尼日利亚卫生服务组织。
Health and population; perspectives and issues
Pub Date : 1978-01-01
P C Osuhor

Nigerian indigenous medical practice is much older than the modern health services which were introduced into what is now known as Nigeria about 500 years ago, through the trans Sahara trade routes and later on, by the European traders, explorers, colonial military and civilian administrators and lastly the Missionaries. Only 20 per cent of the population have medical and health facilities in Nigeria. It is, therefore, envisaged to increase this coverage to 40 per cent by 1980 through the Basic Health Services Programme as set out in the Third National Development Plan (1975-1980).

尼日利亚本土的医疗实践比现代医疗服务要古老得多，现代医疗服务是在500年前通过撒哈拉贸易路线引入尼日利亚的，后来又由欧洲商人、探险家、殖民地军事和文职行政人员以及传教士引入。在尼日利亚，只有20%的人口拥有医疗和保健设施。因此，计划到1980年通过第三个国家发展计划(1975-1980年)所规定的基本保健服务方案将这一覆盖率提高到40%。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of leprosy control work with general health services as planned in Maharashtra. 按照马哈拉施特拉邦的计划，将麻风控制工作与一般卫生服务相结合。
Health and population; perspectives and issues
Pub Date : 1978-01-01
P Kapoor, N S Deodhar, M V Yellapurkar

The current literature on integration of Leprosy Control work with General Health Services has been reviewed. In view of the introduction of Multipurpose Workers' Scheme and an experience in a pilot project, the authors feel that the time of integration of leprosy is ripe. The process of involvement of Multipurpose Workers in the Leprosy Control Programme is being introduced in a manner that ensures adequate supervision by the present Leprosy Control staff during the training period and also subsequently for one year so that the transition from unipurpose to integrated service, is a smooth one. After the successful integration of leprosy, the leprosy staff, after adequate training, can be used as Multipurpose Supervisors.

目前文献整合麻风控制工作与一般卫生服务进行了审查。结合“多用途工人计划”的引进和试点经验，笔者认为麻风病整合的时机已经成熟。目前正在推行多用途工作人员参与麻风控制规划的过程，以确保现有麻风控制工作人员在培训期间以及随后一年的充分监督，以便顺利地从单一用途服务过渡到综合服务。麻风病成功整合后，麻风病工作人员经过充分培训后，可作为多功能监督员使用。
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引用次数: 0
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