{"title":"OSHA EO standard.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79997,"journal":{"name":"Indicator (Minnesota Mining and Manfuacturing Company)","volume":"1 2","pages":"2p"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21142384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article has briefly discussed the three basic types of sterilization monitoring systems--mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical indicators help tell you that the sterilizer is working. Chemical indicators provide you with immediate information in each "flash" load that the conditions necessary for steam sterilization were present. Biological indicators tell you that microorganisms were killed. For maximum assurance that the conditions necessary for steam sterilization are present and that non-sterile instruments are not inadvertently used, each "flash" sterilizer should be monitored daily with biological indicators and each "flash" load with chemical indicators. This quality control monitoring program should give the O.R. staff confidence that their "flash" sterilization process is working.
{"title":"Quality control in the \"flash\" process.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article has briefly discussed the three basic types of sterilization monitoring systems--mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical indicators help tell you that the sterilizer is working. Chemical indicators provide you with immediate information in each \"flash\" load that the conditions necessary for steam sterilization were present. Biological indicators tell you that microorganisms were killed. For maximum assurance that the conditions necessary for steam sterilization are present and that non-sterile instruments are not inadvertently used, each \"flash\" sterilizer should be monitored daily with biological indicators and each \"flash\" load with chemical indicators. This quality control monitoring program should give the O.R. staff confidence that their \"flash\" sterilization process is working.</p>","PeriodicalId":79997,"journal":{"name":"Indicator (Minnesota Mining and Manfuacturing Company)","volume":"1 1","pages":"2p"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21138606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As defined by the Office of Management and Budget, value analysis (VA) is “an organized effort directed at analyzing the functions of systems, equipment, facilities, services, and supplies for the purpose of achieving essential functions at the lowest life-cycle cost consistent with the required performance, reliability, quality, and safety.” “Value analysis” is the most generalized term associated with the application of value-based processes. Other terms include “value management” and “value engineering.” Historically, value management (VM) has focused on organizational and management processes, while value engineering (VE) has been applied to manufacturing processes and procedures. In the construction industry, the terms have been used interchangeably and often applied to cost reduction efforts that use few, if any, value-based processes. To start afresh, the term “value analysis” is used in this topic. Value analysis concepts have been applied to construction projects in numerous ways for more than 30 years. Despite this history, value analysis has generally been viewed skeptically in the construction industry. To some, value analysis is the answer to every problem project, and to others it is a cost-cutting, quality-reducing exercise that infringes on both the design team and the owner. In fact, value analysis is a process for identifying and solving problems. When properly applied to a suitable problem, it yields excellent results. When applied incorrectly, it can create problems of its own. Application of VA procedures requires patience, concentration, and a certain amount of discipline. Probably the most important premise is that participants should agree on objectives and be willing to work toward common goals. When VA is incorporated into an overall project delivery approach, the design team can find it an extremely useful tool for general problem solving, cost/function optimization, and value enhancement. Value Analysis Michael D. Dell’Isola, PE, CVS
正如管理和预算办公室所定义的那样，价值分析(VA)是“一种有组织的工作，旨在分析系统、设备、设施、服务和供应的功能，目的是以最低的生命周期成本实现基本功能，并符合所需的性能、可靠性、质量和安全性。”“价值分析”是与基于价值的过程的应用相关的最广义的术语。其他术语包括“价值管理”和“价值工程”。历史上，价值管理(VM)侧重于组织和管理过程，而价值工程(VE)已应用于制造过程和程序。在建筑行业，这两个术语可以互换使用，并且通常用于使用很少(如果有的话)基于价值的流程的成本降低工作。为了重新开始，本主题中使用了术语“价值分析”。30多年来，价值分析概念以多种方式应用于建设项目。尽管有这样的历史，价值分析在建筑行业普遍受到怀疑。对一些人来说，价值分析是解决所有问题项目的答案，而对另一些人来说，它是一种削减成本、降低质量的做法，侵犯了设计团队和业主的利益。事实上，价值分析是一个识别和解决问题的过程。当适当地应用于合适的问题时，它会产生极好的结果。如果应用不当，它本身就会产生问题。应用VA程序需要耐心、专注和一定的纪律。也许最重要的前提是参与者应该在目标上达成一致，并愿意朝着共同的目标努力。当VA被整合到整个项目交付方法中时，设计团队会发现它是解决一般问题、成本/功能优化和价值提升的一个非常有用的工具。价值分析Michael D. Dell 'Isola, PE, CVS
{"title":"Value analysis.","authors":"M. Dell'Isola","doi":"10.1049/tpe.1965.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/tpe.1965.0072","url":null,"abstract":"As defined by the Office of Management and Budget, value analysis (VA) is “an organized effort directed at analyzing the functions of systems, equipment, facilities, services, and supplies for the purpose of achieving essential functions at the lowest life-cycle cost consistent with the required performance, reliability, quality, and safety.” “Value analysis” is the most generalized term associated with the application of value-based processes. Other terms include “value management” and “value engineering.” Historically, value management (VM) has focused on organizational and management processes, while value engineering (VE) has been applied to manufacturing processes and procedures. In the construction industry, the terms have been used interchangeably and often applied to cost reduction efforts that use few, if any, value-based processes. To start afresh, the term “value analysis” is used in this topic. Value analysis concepts have been applied to construction projects in numerous ways for more than 30 years. Despite this history, value analysis has generally been viewed skeptically in the construction industry. To some, value analysis is the answer to every problem project, and to others it is a cost-cutting, quality-reducing exercise that infringes on both the design team and the owner. In fact, value analysis is a process for identifying and solving problems. When properly applied to a suitable problem, it yields excellent results. When applied incorrectly, it can create problems of its own. Application of VA procedures requires patience, concentration, and a certain amount of discipline. Probably the most important premise is that participants should agree on objectives and be willing to work toward common goals. When VA is incorporated into an overall project delivery approach, the design team can find it an extremely useful tool for general problem solving, cost/function optimization, and value enhancement. Value Analysis Michael D. Dell’Isola, PE, CVS","PeriodicalId":79997,"journal":{"name":"Indicator (Minnesota Mining and Manfuacturing Company)","volume":"6 1","pages":"2p"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82093474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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