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Journal of bioethics最新文献

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Information constraints in medical encounters. 医疗接触中的信息约束。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01104001
R D Hollander

This article describes three kinds of information constraints in medical encounters that have not been discussed at length in the medical ethics literature: constraints from the concept of a disease, from the diffusion of medical innovation, and from withholding information. It describes how these limit the reliance rational people can justifiably put in their doctors, and even the reliance doctors can have on their own advice. It notes the implications of these constraints for the value of informed consent, identifies several procedural steps that could increase the value of the latter and improve diffusion of innovation, and argues that recognition of these constraints should lead us to devise protections which intrude on but can improve these encounters.

本文描述了医学伦理文献中尚未详细讨论的医学接触中的三种信息约束:来自疾病概念的约束，来自医学创新传播的约束，以及来自隐瞒信息的约束。它描述了这些因素如何限制了理性的人们对医生的信任，甚至限制了医生对他们自己的建议的信任。它指出了这些约束对知情同意价值的影响，确定了几个程序步骤，可以增加后者的价值并改善创新的传播，并认为认识到这些约束应该引导我们设计出侵犯但可以改善这些遭遇的保护措施。
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引用次数: 2
A structured approach to teaching decision-making skills in biomedical ethics. 一种结构化的方法来教授生物医学伦理学中的决策技能。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01104003
R T Francoeur

The prevailing case study approach to teaching biomedical ethics is compared with a new methodology using short written exercises designed to develop decision making skills. Course content of this new approach and its adaptability to computer assisted instruction with student-faculty interactive software are outlined.

在生物医学伦理学教学中流行的案例研究方法与一种使用旨在培养决策技能的简短书面练习的新方法进行了比较。概述了这种新方法的课程内容及其在师生互动软件计算机辅助教学中的适应性。
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引用次数: 2
Moral contracts and the patient-physician relationship. 道德契约与医患关系。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01103647
D Rothbard
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引用次数: 0
A commentary on Dr. Kennedy's perception of the impact of institutional review boards on cancer research. 评论肯尼迪博士对机构审查委员会对癌症研究影响的看法。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01103645
H S Wigodsky

The Institutional Review Board is a committee of the institution responsible for carrying out the institution's responsibilities for the protection of human research subjects. Since it is a local committee, most of the complaints about the IRB can be resolved locally provided it is borne in mind that the IRB is the champion not only of the human research subject but also of the investigator. National or regional cooperative research protocols present problems that are not insurmountable.

机构审查委员会是机构的一个委员会，负责履行机构保护人类研究受试者的职责。由于伦理委员会是一个地方委员会，大多数关于伦理委员会的投诉都可以在当地解决，但要记住，伦理委员会不仅是人类研究课题的捍卫者，也是研究者的捍卫者。国家或区域合作研究规程提出了并非不可克服的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The context as a moral rule in medical ethics. 语境作为医学伦理学的道德规范。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01103648
D C Thomasma

A purely deductive medical ethics cannot properly account for the varieties of circumstances which arise in medical practice. By contrast, a purely inductive medical ethics lacks sufficient guidance from ethical principles. In resolving ethical dilemmas in medicine, most often an appeal is made to middle-level axioms and methodological rules to mediate between theory and practice. I argue that this appeal must be augmented by considerations of context, such considerations, in effect, constituting a moral rule based on the social structure of medical practice. A contextual grid is proposed which assists the process of weighing values in resolving cases.

纯粹的演绎医学伦理不能恰当地解释医疗实践中出现的各种情况。相比之下，纯粹的归纳医学伦理学缺乏伦理原则的充分指导。在解决医学中的伦理困境时，最常见的是诉诸中级公理和方法规则来调解理论和实践。我认为，这一呼吁必须通过对背景的考虑加以加强，这种考虑实际上构成了一种基于医疗实践的社会结构的道德规则。提出了一个上下文网格，它有助于在解决案例中权衡值的过程。
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引用次数: 10
Impact of institutional review boards on cancer research. 机构审查委员会对癌症研究的影响。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01103644
B J Kennedy

The concepts of informed consent and surveillance of human research designed to protect human subjects is commendable. The regulations of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) are having a major impact on clinical cancer research. There is greater administrative time needed of the investigator, the mechanisms of patient care have become cumbersome and some patients reject optional medical management that could be life saving. IRB regulations must be flexible to meet the needs of human subjects as well as those of the clinical investigator.

为保护人类受试者而设计的知情同意和对人类研究进行监督的概念值得赞扬。机构审查委员会(IRB)的规定对临床癌症研究产生了重大影响。研究者需要更多的管理时间，患者护理机制变得繁琐，一些患者拒绝可能挽救生命的可选医疗管理。IRB规定必须灵活，以满足人类受试者以及临床研究者的需求。
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引用次数: 2
Morals and money. 道德和金钱。
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01103646
A G Burstein, W A Miller, R Warren

The authors review the implication of the term "professional," especially those dealing with the need for an ethic of trustworthiness and those dealing with the expectation of being paid for services. The erosive potential generated by these foci is explored, and circumstances which magnify or might ameliorate the potential described. The article concludes with a consideration of the relationship between professional ethics and world-view.

作者回顾了“专业”一词的含义，特别是那些涉及诚信伦理的需要和那些涉及服务付费的期望的含义。探讨了这些焦点产生的侵蚀潜力，并描述了放大或可能改善这种潜力的情况。文章最后对职业道德与世界观的关系进行了思考。
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引用次数: 3
Patents for life forms: An inappropriate response to biotechnological advancement 生命形式专利:对生物技术进步的不恰当回应
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01104000
J. Densberger
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引用次数: 3
Recommendations of the task force on privacy, human sexuality, and sex education for developmentally disabled persons 关于隐私、人类性行为和发育障碍者性教育的特别工作组的建议
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/bf01103643
Robin Bohn
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引用次数: 0
Selected books 选择的书
Journal of bioethics
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF01104004
Jeanne L. Lischer, A. M. Decoster
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引用次数: 0
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