Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0415-1
Tessa Gordon
Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their lost axons but functional recovery in humans is frequently disappointing. This is so particularly when injuries require regeneration over long distances and/or over long time periods. Fat replacement of chronically denervated muscles, a commonly accepted explanation, does not account for poor functional recovery. Rather, the basis for the poor nerve regeneration is the transient expression of growth-associated genes that accounts for declining regenerative capacity of neurons and the regenerative support of Schwann cells over time. Brief low-frequency electrical stimulation accelerates motor and sensory axon outgrowth across injury sites that, even after delayed surgical repair of injured nerves in animal models and patients, enhances nerve regeneration and target reinnervation. The stimulation elevates neuronal cyclic adenosine monophosphate and, in turn, the expression of neurotrophic factors and other growth-associated genes, including cytoskeletal proteins. Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles immediately after nerve transection and surgical repair also accelerates muscle reinnervation but, at this time, how the daily requirement of long-duration electrical pulses can be delivered to muscles remains a practical issue prior to translation to patients. Finally, the technique of inserting autologous nerve grafts that bridge between a donor nerve and an adjacent recipient denervated nerve stump significantly improves nerve regeneration after delayed nerve repair, the donor nerves sustaining the capacity of the denervated Schwann cells to support nerve regeneration. These reviewed methods to promote nerve regeneration and, in turn, to enhance functional recovery after nerve injury and surgical repair are sufficiently promising for early translation to the clinic.
{"title":"Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Animal Models and Humans.","authors":"Tessa Gordon","doi":"10.1007/s13311-015-0415-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13311-015-0415-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their lost axons but functional recovery in humans is frequently disappointing. This is so particularly when injuries require regeneration over long distances and/or over long time periods. Fat replacement of chronically denervated muscles, a commonly accepted explanation, does not account for poor functional recovery. Rather, the basis for the poor nerve regeneration is the transient expression of growth-associated genes that accounts for declining regenerative capacity of neurons and the regenerative support of Schwann cells over time. Brief low-frequency electrical stimulation accelerates motor and sensory axon outgrowth across injury sites that, even after delayed surgical repair of injured nerves in animal models and patients, enhances nerve regeneration and target reinnervation. The stimulation elevates neuronal cyclic adenosine monophosphate and, in turn, the expression of neurotrophic factors and other growth-associated genes, including cytoskeletal proteins. Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles immediately after nerve transection and surgical repair also accelerates muscle reinnervation but, at this time, how the daily requirement of long-duration electrical pulses can be delivered to muscles remains a practical issue prior to translation to patients. Finally, the technique of inserting autologous nerve grafts that bridge between a donor nerve and an adjacent recipient denervated nerve stump significantly improves nerve regeneration after delayed nerve repair, the donor nerves sustaining the capacity of the denervated Schwann cells to support nerve regeneration. These reviewed methods to promote nerve regeneration and, in turn, to enhance functional recovery after nerve injury and surgical repair are sufficiently promising for early translation to the clinic. </p>","PeriodicalId":80081,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal news","volume":"8 1","pages":"295-310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85307778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-10-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00609.x
G. Annas, M. Kapp, D. Provost
{"title":"Book Reviews: The Politics of Regulation, The Great Billion Dollar Medical Swindle, American Law of Medical Malpractice, Hidden Victims: The Sexual Abuse of Children","authors":"G. Annas, M. Kapp, D. Provost","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00609.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00609.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80081,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal news","volume":"8 1","pages":"22 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00609.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63267993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-08-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.1980.tb00592.x
G. Annas, W. Wilbanks, A. E. Doudera
The primary reason most professionals get involved in the health law field is because the subject matter is intrinsically fascinating. The general practice of law or medicine can easily become routinized and boring; but health law issues are in a constant state of flux, and the controversies involve issues that are vital both to the individuals involved, and to society as a whole. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that in an era that is witnessing the breakdown of the barrier between fiction and non-fiction, more and more novels use health law issues for their major themes. The two works under review both fall into this category.
{"title":"Book Reviews: The Cradle Will Fall, The Verdict, Cases and Materials on Pharmacy Law, The Lunar Effect: Biological Tides and Human Emotions, Child Psychiatry and the Law, Patients: The Experience of Illness","authors":"G. Annas, W. Wilbanks, A. E. Doudera","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-720X.1980.tb00592.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.1980.tb00592.x","url":null,"abstract":"The primary reason most professionals get involved in the health law field is because the subject matter is intrinsically fascinating. The general practice of law or medicine can easily become routinized and boring; but health law issues are in a constant state of flux, and the controversies involve issues that are vital both to the individuals involved, and to society as a whole. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that in an era that is witnessing the breakdown of the barrier between fiction and non-fiction, more and more novels use health law issues for their major themes. The two works under review both fall into this category.","PeriodicalId":80081,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal news","volume":"8 1","pages":"16 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1748-720X.1980.tb00592.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63267677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-06-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00574.x
G. Annas, Jonathan Brant
There is a new literary genre: the survivor describing the last years of the life of a desperately ill spouse and his or her interactions with the medical care system. Previous members of this genre reviewed here includeJean’s Way andA Private Battle. Both of those books dealt with death by cancer; this one, like the movieAl1 That Jazz, takes us into the realm of heart disease. The story is gripping and exceptionally told by a loving wife who is a professional journalist. It is her story and that of her husband, Dr. Harold Lear. Lear suffers a heart attack
{"title":"Book Reviews: Heartsounds, before the Best Interests of the Child, Physicians' Licensure and Discipline, Rounds","authors":"G. Annas, Jonathan Brant","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00574.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00574.x","url":null,"abstract":"There is a new literary genre: the survivor describing the last years of the life of a desperately ill spouse and his or her interactions with the medical care system. Previous members of this genre reviewed here includeJean’s Way andA Private Battle. Both of those books dealt with death by cancer; this one, like the movieAl1 That Jazz, takes us into the realm of heart disease. The story is gripping and exceptionally told by a loving wife who is a professional journalist. It is her story and that of her husband, Dr. Harold Lear. Lear suffers a heart attack","PeriodicalId":80081,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal news","volume":"8 1","pages":"14 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1980.tb00574.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63267706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-04-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.1980.tb00561.x
G. Annas, K. Scharf, W. Wilbanks
ABOF~TINC AMERICA. By Bernard N. Nathanson, M.D., with Richard N. Ostling. (Doubleday and Company, Garden City, N.Y.) (1979) 303 pp., $10.00. Prochoice activists were outraged in 1974 when New York obstetrician Bernard Nathanson published an article in the NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE substantially recanting the prochoice stance which led him to be a founder of the National Association for Repeal of Abortion Laws in 1969, and director of a large New York abortion clinic in 1971 and 1972. Now Nathanson has written a b w k which leads off with more autobiographical material than we want and follows with an account of the early years of the New York prochoice movement which is an arrogant and self-indulgent exercise in gratuitous hostility, ultimately raising more questions about Nathanson’s own psyche than about the moral and historical meaning of the movement he describes. After an embarrassingly narcissistic account of his grandparents, his education, and the illegal abortion of his college lover, Nathanson writes a n m tive familiar to students of the prochoice Literature from Margaret Sanger on: the rime of the ancient medical student, medical resident, or nurse struggling heroically against the hypocrisy and septicemia of the pre-Roe v. Wade era. Nathanson began his practice in a time when wealthy women bought the collusion of physicians and hospital abortion committees and poor women sought illegal abortionists or self-aborted, sometimes with serious or fatal effects. He became disgusted with the system at a time when a group of New York liberals led by Lawrence Lader needed a respectable obstetrician to grace their rolls. From this point on Nathanson’s story becomes a curious psychological document. His descriptions of his allies are couched in terms of such distaste it is difficult to remember that Nathanson was a willing participant, travelling, speaking and writing energetically. Nathanson seems to have two problems with his political bedfellows: he is mortally offended by feminists of any stripe, and he doesn’t like anybody very much. His reaction to the lobbying style of his (ultimately crucial) feminist political allies in Albany in 1970 is characteristic: There were knots of wild-eyed, straggly-haired women chasing panicked legislators through the Capitol halls. One breathless solon dove into a broom closet just behind me, and just ahead of a hunting
廷克ABOF ~说美国。伯纳德·n·内特森，医学博士，理查德·n·奥斯特林。(Doubleday and Company, Garden City, N.Y.)(1979) 303页，10美元。1974年，纽约产科医生Bernard Nathanson在《新英格兰医学杂志》上发表了一篇文章，彻底推翻了支持堕胎的立场。正是这一立场使他成为1969年全国废除堕胎法协会的创始人之一，并在1971年和1972年担任纽约一家大型堕胎诊所的主任。现在，内特森写了一本自传，开篇有很多我们不需要的自传材料，接着是对纽约支持堕胎运动早期的描述，这是一种傲慢和自我放纵的无来由的敌意，最终提出了更多关于内特森自己心理的问题，而不是关于他所描述的运动的道德和历史意义。在对他的祖父母、他的教育和他大学恋人的非法堕胎进行了令人尴尬的自恋描述之后，内特森写了一部玛格丽特·桑格(Margaret Sanger)的赞成堕胎文学(prochoice Literature)的学生所熟悉的小说:古代医科学生、住院医生或护士的时代，他们英勇地与罗伊诉韦德案之前的虚伪和败血症作斗争。内桑森开始行医的时候，富裕的妇女买通了医生和医院堕胎委员会，而贫穷的妇女则寻求非法堕胎者或自行流产，有时会造成严重或致命的后果。当劳伦斯·莱德(Lawrence Lader)领导的一群纽约自由主义者需要一位可敬的产科医生为他们增色时，他开始对这个制度感到厌恶。从这一点开始，内特森的故事就成了一份奇特的心理学文献。他对盟友的描述是如此厌恶，以至于很难记住内特森是一个自愿参与的人，他精力充沛地旅行、演讲和写作。内特森和他的政治同床共枕似乎有两个问题:他对任何类型的女权主义者都非常反感，而且他不太喜欢任何人。1970年，他对自己在奥尔巴尼(Albany)的女权主义政治盟友的游说风格(最终至关重要)的反应很有特色:一群眼神狂野、头发蓬乱的女人在国会大厅里追逐惊慌失措的议员。一个气喘吁吁的梭伦跳到我身后的一个扫帚间里，就在打猎之前
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Pub Date : 1980-04-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1748-720X.1980.TB00564.X
G. Annas
{"title":"Doctors and the Death Penalty","authors":"G. Annas","doi":"10.1111/J.1748-720X.1980.TB00564.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1748-720X.1980.TB00564.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80081,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal news","volume":"8 1","pages":"17 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1748-720X.1980.TB00564.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63267531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forensic medicine: the medicolegal history.","authors":"E L Sagall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80081,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal news","volume":"8 2","pages":"10-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21115659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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