Hospice is an option for patients with terminal illness of all types. The advent of the Medicare hospice benefit has led to a rise in numbers of hospice programs as well as hospice expenditure. Terminal care provided through hospice has a demonstrable cost advantage over conventional terminal care. This difference may dissipate as Medicare hospice expenditure continues to rise. An individual hospice program can define its mission within broad guidelines. A program electing to serve all terminally ill patients regardless of diagnosis can occasionally expect to be cast in the role of long term care-provider when six-month survival is exceeded. Precision in prediction of six-month survival would benefit patients and remove one major obstacle to participation by many primary care physicians. Prognostic techniques are being developed that, thus far, have proven no better than physician judgement in assigning risk or predicting survival. Hospice may provide a setting for clinical research of prognostication. The interdisciplinary team can facilitate hospice care and provide support to individual team members. Care of terminally ill non-cancer patients may require added human resources and alteration of team structure to cope with increased service needs and lengths of stay which may be likely to exceed those of cancer patients.
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