Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.13
M. J. Waterway, J. Starr
Phylogenelic reconstruction for Carex and relatives in tribe Cariceae is complicated by species richness and nearly cosmopolitan distribution. In this investigation, our main objective was to estimate evolutionary relationships in tribe Cariceae using DNA sequence data from two spacer regions in nuclear ribosomal genes (ITS and ETS-lf) combined with noncoding chloroplast DNA (trnL intron, tnrL-trnF intergenic spacer, and trnE-trnD intergenic spacers). Parsimony analyses of separate and combined data and Bayesian analysis of the combined data matrix revealed strong support for monophyly of tribe Cariceae and for monophyly of two major lineages, one comprising principally Carex subgen. Carex and Vigneastra, and the other representing subgen. Vignea. A third clade with representatives from Kabresia and Uncinia, along with Cymophyllus fraserianus, Carex curvula, and several unispicate Carex received weak-to-moderate support. A small clade comprising Schoenoxiphium and two unispicate carices was placed as sister to the clades comprising multispicate Carex species in the parsimony analysis, but sister to the clade of Kobresia, Uncinia, and unispicate Carex in the Bayesian analysis. Two large widespread groups within suhgen. Carex, sect. Hymenochlaenae and sect. Physocarpae S.I. ("bladder sedges"), were highly polyphyletic, while ten clades that grouped species from two or more sections were each strongly supported as monophyletic. Within suhgen. Vignea, three sections were strongly supported as monophyletic while sects. Phaestoglochin and Vulpinae were polyphyletic. Adding the variable ETS-1f region improved resolution and bootstrap support values over previous studies, but many of the characters supporting major branches came from the trnL region.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Relationships in Tribe Cariceae (Cyperaceae) Based on Nested Analyses of Four Molecular Data Sets","authors":"M. J. Waterway, J. Starr","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.13","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenelic reconstruction for Carex and relatives in tribe Cariceae is complicated by species richness and nearly cosmopolitan distribution. In this investigation, our main objective was to estimate evolutionary relationships in tribe Cariceae using DNA sequence data from two spacer regions in nuclear ribosomal genes (ITS and ETS-lf) combined with noncoding chloroplast DNA (trnL intron, tnrL-trnF intergenic spacer, and trnE-trnD intergenic spacers). Parsimony analyses of separate and combined data and Bayesian analysis of the combined data matrix revealed strong support for monophyly of tribe Cariceae and for monophyly of two major lineages, one comprising principally Carex subgen. Carex and Vigneastra, and the other representing subgen. Vignea. A third clade with representatives from Kabresia and Uncinia, along with Cymophyllus fraserianus, Carex curvula, and several unispicate Carex received weak-to-moderate support. A small clade comprising Schoenoxiphium and two unispicate carices was placed as sister to the clades comprising multispicate Carex species in the parsimony analysis, but sister to the clade of Kobresia, Uncinia, and unispicate Carex in the Bayesian analysis. Two large widespread groups within suhgen. Carex, sect. Hymenochlaenae and sect. Physocarpae S.I. (\"bladder sedges\"), were highly polyphyletic, while ten clades that grouped species from two or more sections were each strongly supported as monophyletic. Within suhgen. Vignea, three sections were strongly supported as monophyletic while sects. Phaestoglochin and Vulpinae were polyphyletic. Adding the variable ETS-1f region improved resolution and bootstrap support values over previous studies, but many of the characters supporting major branches came from the trnL region.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"165-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70794902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.40
E. Skendzic, J. Columbus, R. Cerros-Tlatilpa
Phylogenetic relationships among 85 species representing 35 genera in the grass tribe Andropogoneae were estimated from maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F DNA sequences. Ten of the 11 subtribes recognized by Clayton and Renvoize (1986) were sampled. Independent analyses of ITS and trnL-F yielded mostly congruent, though not well resolved, topologies. Arundinella is sister to Andropogoneae in the trnL-F phylogeny and is nested within the tribe in the ITS and combined data trees. Tristachya is sister to Andropogoneae + Arundinella in the ITS phylogeny. Four clades are common to the ITS and trnL-F phylogenies and the trees from the combined data set. Clade A consists of Andrapogon, Diectomis, Hyparrhenia, Hyperthelia, and Schizachyrium. Within this clade, Andropogon distachyos, Hyparrhenia, and Hyperthelia form clade C. Clade B consists of Bothriochloa, Capillipedium, and Dichanthium, and clade D includes Chrysopogon and Vetiveria. Analysis of the combined data resulted in an unsupported larger clade comprising clades A and B plus Cymbopogon, and a sister clade of Heteropogon, Iseilema, and Themedu. This larger clade is similar to the core Andropogoneae clade previously reported (Spangler et al. 1999; Mathews et al. 2002). Based on our sample, which represents 41% of the tribe's genera, most of Clayton and Renvoize's (1986) subtribes are not monophyletic.
利用核ITS和叶绿体trnL-F DNA序列的最大简约性和贝叶斯分析，估计了草族andropogonae 35属85种的系统发育关系。Clayton和Renvoize(1986)确认的11个亚部落中有10个被取样。ITS和trnL-F的独立分析产生了大部分一致的拓扑，尽管没有很好地解决。在trnL-F系统发育中，Arundinella是Andropogoneae的姐妹，并且在ITS和组合数据树中嵌套在部落中。在ITS系统发育中，Tristachya是Andropogoneae + Arundinella的姐妹。ITS和trnL-F系统发育和组合数据集的树共有四个分支。进化支系A由雌雄同体、雌雄同体、雌雄同体、雌雄同体、雌雄同体和雌雄同体组成。在这一支系中，长尾男人猿、长尾猿和长尾猿形成了c支系。B支系包括Bothriochloa、Capillipedium和Dichanthium, D支系包括Chrysopogon和Vetiveria。对综合数据的分析得出了一个不受支持的更大的分支，包括分支A和B加上Cymbopogon，以及Heteropogon, Iseilema和Themedu的姐妹分支。这个较大的分支类似于先前报道的androgoneae核心分支(Spangler et al. 1999;Mathews et al. 2002)。根据我们的样本，这代表了41%的部落属，大多数Clayton和Renvoize(1986)的亚部落不是单系的。
{"title":"PHYLOGENETICS OF ANDROPOGONEAE (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE) BASED ON NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER AND CHLOROPLAST trnL-F SEQUENCES","authors":"E. Skendzic, J. Columbus, R. Cerros-Tlatilpa","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.40","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenetic relationships among 85 species representing 35 genera in the grass tribe Andropogoneae were estimated from maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F DNA sequences. Ten of the 11 subtribes recognized by Clayton and Renvoize (1986) were sampled. Independent analyses of ITS and trnL-F yielded mostly congruent, though not well resolved, topologies. Arundinella is sister to Andropogoneae in the trnL-F phylogeny and is nested within the tribe in the ITS and combined data trees. Tristachya is sister to Andropogoneae + Arundinella in the ITS phylogeny. Four clades are common to the ITS and trnL-F phylogenies and the trees from the combined data set. Clade A consists of Andrapogon, Diectomis, Hyparrhenia, Hyperthelia, and Schizachyrium. Within this clade, Andropogon distachyos, Hyparrhenia, and Hyperthelia form clade C. Clade B consists of Bothriochloa, Capillipedium, and Dichanthium, and clade D includes Chrysopogon and Vetiveria. Analysis of the combined data resulted in an unsupported larger clade comprising clades A and B plus Cymbopogon, and a sister clade of Heteropogon, Iseilema, and Themedu. This larger clade is similar to the core Andropogoneae clade previously reported (Spangler et al. 1999; Mathews et al. 2002). Based on our sample, which represents 41% of the tribe's genera, most of Clayton and Renvoize's (1986) subtribes are not monophyletic.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"530-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.12
K. Ghamkhar, A. Marchant, K. Wilson, J. Bruhl
Within the tribe Abildgaardieae, the relationships between Fimbristylis and its relatives have not been certain, and the limits of Fimbristylis have been unclear, with Bulbostylis and Ahildgaardia variously combined with it and each other. The relationships and limits of tribes Abildgaardieae and Arthrostylideae and their genera were evaluated across 49 representative species using parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of ITS (nuclear ribosomal) and trnL-F (plastid) DNA sequence data separately and combined. The evolutionary reconstructions derived from sequences of cpDNA and nrDNA disagree about the position of tribe Arthrostylideae relative to Abildgaardieae; Arthrostylis and Actinoschoenus are either nested within Abildgaardieae (trnL-F data) or very closely related to this tribe (ITS data). The reconstructions also disagree about the monophyly of genus Ahildgaardia (excluding A. vaginata). Crosslandia and A. vaginata form a clade that is nested within Fimbristylis. Bulhostylis is monophyletic and clearly separated from Fimbristylis. Further sampling of taxa and characters is needed to resolve and/or strengthen support for some of these "deep" and fine-scale relationships.
{"title":"Phylogeny of Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae) inferred from its and trnL-F data","authors":"K. Ghamkhar, A. Marchant, K. Wilson, J. Bruhl","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.12","url":null,"abstract":"Within the tribe Abildgaardieae, the relationships between Fimbristylis and its relatives have not been certain, and the limits of Fimbristylis have been unclear, with Bulbostylis and Ahildgaardia variously combined with it and each other. The relationships and limits of tribes Abildgaardieae and Arthrostylideae and their genera were evaluated across 49 representative species using parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of ITS (nuclear ribosomal) and trnL-F (plastid) DNA sequence data separately and combined. The evolutionary reconstructions derived from sequences of cpDNA and nrDNA disagree about the position of tribe Arthrostylideae relative to Abildgaardieae; Arthrostylis and Actinoschoenus are either nested within Abildgaardieae (trnL-F data) or very closely related to this tribe (ITS data). The reconstructions also disagree about the monophyly of genus Ahildgaardia (excluding A. vaginata). Crosslandia and A. vaginata form a clade that is nested within Fimbristylis. Bulhostylis is monophyletic and clearly separated from Fimbristylis. Further sampling of taxa and characters is needed to resolve and/or strengthen support for some of these \"deep\" and fine-scale relationships.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"149-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70794889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.06
S. Pierce
Foliar trichomes of gray-leaved Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) are highly reflective, suggesting a role in protecting the leaf against direct sunlight in exposed niches. The performance of photosystem II, as denoted by the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic F v /F m , was determined for seven Tilland-sia species and Vriesea barclayana that were exposed to excessive light, with trichomes either present or removed. Additionally, trichome structure and interaction with light was recorded using extended depth-of-field photomicrography, and reflectance quantified using a novel photographic technique. Trichomes of mesomorphic Type IV life forms (T. cryptantha, T. cyanea) and of the intermediate life form V. barclayana conferred reflectance of between 1 and 11%, which did not significantly influence F v /F m when exposed to a high light intensity of 1500 μmol m -2 s -1 (photosynthetically active radiation) for one hour. However, the ornate trichomes of atmospheric species increased the reflectivity of the leaf blade by as much as 18-40%, with a positive correlation apparent between reflectance and photoprotection. Type V Tillandsia andrieuxii, T. caput-medusae, and T. mitlaensis have attenuated trichome wings extending perpendicular to the leaf surface and catching the light (with leaf surfaces appearing gray and fuzzy). This open configuration was observed to facilitate leaf ventilation and the condensation of water vapor on the cooler underlying cuticle, with liquid water subsequently enveloping the trichomes, suggesting a trade-off between water acquisition and light reflectance for air plants from xeric habitats. However, Type IV-V T. albida and T. concolor impound water in leaf bases and the flattened, circular, and overlapping trichome wings did not facilitate dew formation on the cuticle. For these plants with white, smooth leaf surfaces, trichomes are multifaceted and provide more effective photoprotection by scattering light in the manner of cut gemstones.
灰叶凤梨科的叶毛状体具有高度反射性，表明其在暴露的生态位中具有保护叶片免受阳光直射的作用。以叶绿素荧光特性F v /F m表示的光系统II的性能，测定了暴露在过度光照下的7种Tilland-sia和vriessea barclayana，毛状体存在或去除。此外，使用扩展景深显微摄影记录毛状体结构和与光的相互作用，并使用一种新的摄影技术量化反射率。中形态IV型生物的毛状体(T. cryptantha, T. cyanea)和中间形态barclayana的毛状体在1500 μmol m -2 s -1(光合有效辐射)强光照射1小时后，其反射率在1 ~ 11%之间，对F v /F m的影响不显著。然而，大气物种的华丽毛状体使叶片反射率提高了18-40%，反射率与光防护之间呈显著正相关。V型Tillandsia andrieuxii, T. caput-medusae和T. mitlaensis具有衰减的毛状翅膀，垂直于叶片表面延伸并捕捉光线(叶片表面呈现灰色和模糊)。这种开放的结构被观察到有利于叶片通风和水蒸汽在较冷的下层角质层上的凝结，液态水随后包裹着毛状体，这表明在干燥栖息地的空气植物中，水分获取和光反射之间存在权衡。然而，IV-V型albida和concolor型T.将水分滞留在叶基部，扁平、圆形和重叠的毛状翅不利于角质层上的露水形成。对于这些具有白色光滑叶片表面的植物，毛状体是多方面的，并以切割宝石的方式散射光线，提供更有效的光保护。
{"title":"The Jeweled Armor of Tillandsia—Multifaceted or Elongated Trichomes Provide Photoprotection","authors":"S. Pierce","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.06","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar trichomes of gray-leaved Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) are highly reflective, suggesting a role in protecting the leaf against direct sunlight in exposed niches. The performance of photosystem II, as denoted by the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic F v /F m , was determined for seven Tilland-sia species and Vriesea barclayana that were exposed to excessive light, with trichomes either present or removed. Additionally, trichome structure and interaction with light was recorded using extended depth-of-field photomicrography, and reflectance quantified using a novel photographic technique. Trichomes of mesomorphic Type IV life forms (T. cryptantha, T. cyanea) and of the intermediate life form V. barclayana conferred reflectance of between 1 and 11%, which did not significantly influence F v /F m when exposed to a high light intensity of 1500 μmol m -2 s -1 (photosynthetically active radiation) for one hour. However, the ornate trichomes of atmospheric species increased the reflectivity of the leaf blade by as much as 18-40%, with a positive correlation apparent between reflectance and photoprotection. Type V Tillandsia andrieuxii, T. caput-medusae, and T. mitlaensis have attenuated trichome wings extending perpendicular to the leaf surface and catching the light (with leaf surfaces appearing gray and fuzzy). This open configuration was observed to facilitate leaf ventilation and the condensation of water vapor on the cooler underlying cuticle, with liquid water subsequently enveloping the trichomes, suggesting a trade-off between water acquisition and light reflectance for air plants from xeric habitats. However, Type IV-V T. albida and T. concolor impound water in leaf bases and the flattened, circular, and overlapping trichome wings did not facilitate dew formation on the cuticle. For these plants with white, smooth leaf surfaces, trichomes are multifaceted and provide more effective photoprotection by scattering light in the manner of cut gemstones.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072401.04
R. Riefner, S. Boyd
We report the first known records of Ranunculus arvensis from southern California. This alien species shows a tendency to behave as a facultative wetland plant, and could become a pest in scoured washes and flood plains, ephemeral pools, and on disturbed stream banks in the coastal lowlands.
{"title":"Ranunculus arvensis (Ranunculaceae), an Alien Weed New to Southern California","authors":"R. Riefner, S. Boyd","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072401.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072401.04","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first known records of Ranunculus arvensis from southern California. This alien species shows a tendency to behave as a facultative wetland plant, and could become a pest in scoured washes and flood plains, ephemeral pools, and on disturbed stream banks in the coastal lowlands.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"24 1","pages":"29-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072401.07
L. Lenz
A brief historical account of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia, Agavaceae) is presented. The geographical distribution, morphological and pollinator differences between subsp. brevifolia and subsp. jaegeriana are examined and the latter is raised to specific rank. The fossil Protoyucca and its possible relationship to the Joshua trees are considered together with implications as to the possible origin of the genus.
{"title":"REASSESSMENT OF YUCCA BREVIFOLIA AND RECOGNITION OF Y. JAEGERIANA AS A DISTINCT SPECIES","authors":"L. Lenz","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072401.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072401.07","url":null,"abstract":"A brief historical account of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia, Agavaceae) is presented. The geographical distribution, morphological and pollinator differences between subsp. brevifolia and subsp. jaegeriana are examined and the latter is raised to specific rank. The fossil Protoyucca and its possible relationship to the Joshua trees are considered together with implications as to the possible origin of the genus.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"24 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.33
L. Gillespie, A. Archambault, R. Soreng
Poa, the largest genus of grasses (Poaceae) with over 500 species, occurs throughout temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. A phylogenetic study of Poa based on trnT-trnF chloroplast DNA sequence data is presented focusing on basal relationships, major clades, generic boundaries, and placement of putatively closely related genera. Results support the monophyly of the main lineage of Poa if subgen. Andinae is excluded and Anthochloa, Austrofestuca, Dissanthelium (at least in part), and Eremopoa are included. The main Poa clade and subgen. Andinae resolve within a strongly supported Poinae-Alopecurinae-Miliinae clade (PAM). The subdivision of Poa into five major clades, proposed based on chloroplast restriction site data, is supported by sequence data. The basal-most clade (ArcSyl) comprises Poa subgen. Arctopoa and subgen. Poa sect. Sylvestres, two groups having disparate morphology, but similar cpDNA. The next-diverging clade (BAPO), comprising sects. Bolbophorum, Alpinae, Parodiochloa, and Ochlopoa, is strongly supported and characterized by highly divergent cpDNA. The majority of Poa species and sections form a strongly supported clade comprising major clades SPOSTA. PoM, and HAMBADD. Newly reported in this study is Eremopoa as a distinct lineage positioned between this higher Poa clade and BAPO. A revised infrageneric classification of Poa comprising five subgenera is proposed. Two new subgeneric divisions of Poa are proposed: subgen. Stenopoa for the SPOSTA clade and supersect. Homalopoa for the HAMBADD clade. The monotypic genus Anthochloa is reduced to Poa sect. Anthochloa, and its one species recognized as Poa lepidula.
{"title":"Phylogeny of Poa (Poaceae) Based on trnT–trnF Sequence Data: Major Clades and Basal Relationships","authors":"L. Gillespie, A. Archambault, R. Soreng","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.33","url":null,"abstract":"Poa, the largest genus of grasses (Poaceae) with over 500 species, occurs throughout temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. A phylogenetic study of Poa based on trnT-trnF chloroplast DNA sequence data is presented focusing on basal relationships, major clades, generic boundaries, and placement of putatively closely related genera. Results support the monophyly of the main lineage of Poa if subgen. Andinae is excluded and Anthochloa, Austrofestuca, Dissanthelium (at least in part), and Eremopoa are included. The main Poa clade and subgen. Andinae resolve within a strongly supported Poinae-Alopecurinae-Miliinae clade (PAM). The subdivision of Poa into five major clades, proposed based on chloroplast restriction site data, is supported by sequence data. The basal-most clade (ArcSyl) comprises Poa subgen. Arctopoa and subgen. Poa sect. Sylvestres, two groups having disparate morphology, but similar cpDNA. The next-diverging clade (BAPO), comprising sects. Bolbophorum, Alpinae, Parodiochloa, and Ochlopoa, is strongly supported and characterized by highly divergent cpDNA. The majority of Poa species and sections form a strongly supported clade comprising major clades SPOSTA. PoM, and HAMBADD. Newly reported in this study is Eremopoa as a distinct lineage positioned between this higher Poa clade and BAPO. A revised infrageneric classification of Poa comprising five subgenera is proposed. Two new subgeneric divisions of Poa are proposed: subgen. Stenopoa for the SPOSTA clade and supersect. Homalopoa for the HAMBADD clade. The monotypic genus Anthochloa is reduced to Poa sect. Anthochloa, and its one species recognized as Poa lepidula.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"420-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.42
J. Columbus, R. Cerros-Tlatilpa, M. Kinney, M. E. Siqueiros-Delgado, H. Bell, M. Griffith, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez
The phylogeny of Chloridoideae (Gramineae) was inferred from parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from two genomes-the chloroplast tmL intron, trnL 3' exon, and trnL-F intergenic spacer, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1 + 5.8S + ITS2). Eighty species representing 66 chloridoid genera were sampled, including all but four of the native New World genera. Analyses of the individual and combined data sets were performed. The phylogenies were found to be highly congruent. Of the four tribes and seven subtribes of Chloridoideae sensu Clayton and Renvoize (1986) whose phylogenetic status could be tested with our taxon sample, only Orcuttieae and Uniolinae were monophyletic. The phylogenies suggested significant homoplasy in morphological traits, including inflorescence type, number of florets per spikelet, and number of lemma nerves. We propose a new classification based on the three main clades in the phylogenies¯tribes Cynodonteae, Eragrostideae, and Zoysieae. The Eragrostideae clade is well resolved and supported and is further divided into three subtribes, Cotteinae. Eragrostidinae, and Uniolinae. Cynodonteae include most of the genera in our study, but the clade is poorly resolved. However, a clade formed of Muhlenbergia and nine other genera is present in both phylogenies and is well resolved and supported. A number of interesting, well-supported relationships are evident in the phylogenies, including Pappophorum-Tridens flavus, Tragus-Willkommia, and Gouinia-Tridens muticus-Triplasis-Vaseyochloa Except for Bouteloua, no genus represented by multiple species proved to be monophyletic in the phylogenies.
{"title":"Phylogenetics of Chloridoideae (Gramineae): a Preliminary Study Based on Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast trnL–F Sequences","authors":"J. Columbus, R. Cerros-Tlatilpa, M. Kinney, M. E. Siqueiros-Delgado, H. Bell, M. Griffith, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.42","url":null,"abstract":"The phylogeny of Chloridoideae (Gramineae) was inferred from parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from two genomes-the chloroplast tmL intron, trnL 3' exon, and trnL-F intergenic spacer, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1 + 5.8S + ITS2). Eighty species representing 66 chloridoid genera were sampled, including all but four of the native New World genera. Analyses of the individual and combined data sets were performed. The phylogenies were found to be highly congruent. Of the four tribes and seven subtribes of Chloridoideae sensu Clayton and Renvoize (1986) whose phylogenetic status could be tested with our taxon sample, only Orcuttieae and Uniolinae were monophyletic. The phylogenies suggested significant homoplasy in morphological traits, including inflorescence type, number of florets per spikelet, and number of lemma nerves. We propose a new classification based on the three main clades in the phylogenies¯tribes Cynodonteae, Eragrostideae, and Zoysieae. The Eragrostideae clade is well resolved and supported and is further divided into three subtribes, Cotteinae. Eragrostidinae, and Uniolinae. Cynodonteae include most of the genera in our study, but the clade is poorly resolved. However, a clade formed of Muhlenbergia and nine other genera is present in both phylogenies and is well resolved and supported. A number of interesting, well-supported relationships are evident in the phylogenies, including Pappophorum-Tridens flavus, Tragus-Willkommia, and Gouinia-Tridens muticus-Triplasis-Vaseyochloa Except for Bouteloua, no genus represented by multiple species proved to be monophyletic in the phylogenies.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"565-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/ALISO.20072301.05
R. Horres, K. Schulte, K. Weising, G. Zizka
A reconstruction of the phylogeny of Bromeliaceae based on sequence data from three noncoding chloroplast DNA markers (trnL intron, trnT-trnL, and trnT-trnF intergenic spacer [IGS]) is presented, including 26 genera and 33 species. Relationships of Bromelioideae and phylogeny within this subfamily were analyzed in more detail on the basis of two of these markers (trnL intron and trnL-trnF IGS) using a set of 37 genera/74 species of Bromeliaceae, including 28 genera/60 species of Bromelioideae. Sister group relationships of Bromelioideae were not resolved with sufficient reliability, but the most likely candidates are the genera Fosterella and Puya. The basal phylogeny of Bromelioideae also was not resolved. Greigia, Ochagavia/Fascicularia/Fernseea, Deinacanthon, Bromelia, and a "core group" of the remaining Bromelioideae formed a basal polytomy. Within Bromelioideae, the AFLP technique was applied to assess relationships among selected groups of genera. In the Ochagavia/Fascicularia group (5 species and subspecies/16 accessions), AFLP data fully confirmed the systematic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characters. Investigation of 30 Aechmea species (33 accessions), including all subgenera and one species each from the related genera Ursulaea, Portea, Chevaliera, and Streptocalyx produced no resolution for several of the species. Clades that received good bootstrap support generally did not correspond with the delimitation of subgenera of Aechmea. Additionally, leaf blade anatomy of these species was investigated. The results corresponded partly with those of the AFLP analysis. Generic rank for Ursulaea and Portea was not supported.
{"title":"SYSTEMATICS OF BROMELIOIDEAE (BROMELIACEAE)¯EVIDENCE FROM MOLECULAR AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES","authors":"R. Horres, K. Schulte, K. Weising, G. Zizka","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20072301.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20072301.05","url":null,"abstract":"A reconstruction of the phylogeny of Bromeliaceae based on sequence data from three noncoding chloroplast DNA markers (trnL intron, trnT-trnL, and trnT-trnF intergenic spacer [IGS]) is presented, including 26 genera and 33 species. Relationships of Bromelioideae and phylogeny within this subfamily were analyzed in more detail on the basis of two of these markers (trnL intron and trnL-trnF IGS) using a set of 37 genera/74 species of Bromeliaceae, including 28 genera/60 species of Bromelioideae. Sister group relationships of Bromelioideae were not resolved with sufficient reliability, but the most likely candidates are the genera Fosterella and Puya. The basal phylogeny of Bromelioideae also was not resolved. Greigia, Ochagavia/Fascicularia/Fernseea, Deinacanthon, Bromelia, and a \"core group\" of the remaining Bromelioideae formed a basal polytomy. Within Bromelioideae, the AFLP technique was applied to assess relationships among selected groups of genera. In the Ochagavia/Fascicularia group (5 species and subspecies/16 accessions), AFLP data fully confirmed the systematic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characters. Investigation of 30 Aechmea species (33 accessions), including all subgenera and one species each from the related genera Ursulaea, Portea, Chevaliera, and Streptocalyx produced no resolution for several of the species. Clades that received good bootstrap support generally did not correspond with the delimitation of subgenera of Aechmea. Additionally, leaf blade anatomy of these species was investigated. The results corresponded partly with those of the AFLP analysis. Generic rank for Ursulaea and Portea was not supported.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"27-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.5642/aliso.20072301.22
E. M. Obee, J. A. Quinn
Genetic differentiation in reproduction in the wide-ranging Schizachyrium scoparium (Poaceae) has been demonstrated in uniform gardens. However, the fine-tuning of flowering phenology and biomass allocation in relation to spatial and temporal fluctuations in the local environment is best accomplished by plastic responses to local variability. An earlier central New Jersey study suggested that S. scoparium populations in old fields of 2 to 40 years differed in plasticity. To test this apparent effect of ecological history on the development of different levels of plasticity, genotypes were collected from high- and low-fertility sites in New Jersey (forest biome) and in Oklahoma (grassland biome). Three greenhouse experiments manipulating light and nutrients were used to partition variation into genetic and environmental components. High light or high nutrients resulted in plasticity for increased biomass, greater reproductive allocation, and more tillers. Earlier flowering was induced by high light, but nutrient treatments had no effect. Populations were more likely to differ in plasticity across regions than within regions, and Oklahoma populations were consistently more plastic than New Jersey populations. In response to nutrients, populations from high-nutrient sites were often more plastic than those from low-nutrient sites. There were fewer differences in plasticity in response to light between high- and low-nutrient populations. The greater plasticity in Oklahoma populations is suggested to be the result of historically greater environmental unpredictability and K-selection factors such as density-dependent selection and greater competition for resources. A native grass population is more than just a Latin binomial. Evolutionary forces create an ecological unit unique and irreplaceable at the local level.
{"title":"Phenotypic Plasticity of Reproduction in Schizachyrium scoparium (Poaceae) Populations in Relation to Ecological History","authors":"E. M. Obee, J. A. Quinn","doi":"10.5642/aliso.20072301.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20072301.22","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic differentiation in reproduction in the wide-ranging Schizachyrium scoparium (Poaceae) has been demonstrated in uniform gardens. However, the fine-tuning of flowering phenology and biomass allocation in relation to spatial and temporal fluctuations in the local environment is best accomplished by plastic responses to local variability. An earlier central New Jersey study suggested that S. scoparium populations in old fields of 2 to 40 years differed in plasticity. To test this apparent effect of ecological history on the development of different levels of plasticity, genotypes were collected from high- and low-fertility sites in New Jersey (forest biome) and in Oklahoma (grassland biome). Three greenhouse experiments manipulating light and nutrients were used to partition variation into genetic and environmental components. High light or high nutrients resulted in plasticity for increased biomass, greater reproductive allocation, and more tillers. Earlier flowering was induced by high light, but nutrient treatments had no effect. Populations were more likely to differ in plasticity across regions than within regions, and Oklahoma populations were consistently more plastic than New Jersey populations. In response to nutrients, populations from high-nutrient sites were often more plastic than those from low-nutrient sites. There were fewer differences in plasticity in response to light between high- and low-nutrient populations. The greater plasticity in Oklahoma populations is suggested to be the result of historically greater environmental unpredictability and K-selection factors such as density-dependent selection and greater competition for resources. A native grass population is more than just a Latin binomial. Evolutionary forces create an ecological unit unique and irreplaceable at the local level.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"23 1","pages":"273-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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