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Effects of stand structure and individual competition intensity on plant productivity in typical subtropical forests of China 中国典型亚热带森林林分结构和个体竞争强度对植物生产力的影响
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02742-1
Shujuan Jiang, Xiangwen Deng, Zhihong Huang, Wuping Xie, Wenjing Zhu, Wenhua Xiang, Xiankai Lu

Forest plant productivity, as a key factor affecting plant carbon sequestration, is often used to reflect the tree growth and the magnitude of ecosystem functions, which can be affected by various factors, including individual competition, tree social status and biodiversity. To explore the impact of these factors on plant productivity, we randomly selected six forest types in Hunan province, including Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forest (CPF), C. lanceolata coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (LMF), Pinus massoniana pure forest (MPF), P. massoniana coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (MMF), P. elliottii pure forest (EPF) and P. elliottii coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (EMF), where the pure forests were representative examples of plantations, while the mixed forests exemplified the main forest types of close-to-nature forest management. The results showed (1) there were significant differences in stand structure among different forest types, and the complexity of forest structure in mixed forest was generally higher than that in pure forest. (2) The competition distance varied depending on variations in stand structure. (3) The competition intensity was influenced by the composition of tree species and tree size, with larger trees demonstrating higher competitiveness. (4) The interaction between tree size and competition plays a crucial role in determining forest productivity, with tree size serving as a more powerful explanatory factor. In both mixed and pure forest, dominance and tree height were significant positively correlated with tree growth (p < 0.001). The findings enhance our comprehension of the influence of stand structure and competition on productivity, and has a great significance for improving forest structure to improve forest quality and carbon sequestration capacity.

森林植物生产力是影响植物固碳的关键因子,常被用来反映树木生长和生态系统功能的大小,其受多种因素的影响,包括个体竞争、树木社会地位和生物多样性。为了探讨这些因素对植物生产力的影响,我们在湖南省随机选取了杉木纯林(CPF)、杉木针叶阔叶混交林(LMF)、马尾松纯林(MPF)、马尾松针叶阔叶混交林(MMF)、油松纯林(EPF)和油松针叶阔叶混交林(EMF) 6种森林类型,其中纯林是人工林的代表。而混交林则是接近自然森林管理的主要森林类型。结果表明:(1)不同林型林分结构存在显著差异,混交林林分结构的复杂性普遍高于纯林;(2)竞争距离随林分结构的变化而变化。(3)竞争强度受树种组成和乔木大小的影响,乔木越大竞争力越强。(4)树木大小与竞争之间的相互作用在森林生产力的决定中起着至关重要的作用,其中树木大小是一个更有力的解释因素。在混交林和纯林中,优势度和树高与树木生长呈显著正相关(p < 0.001)。研究结果增强了我们对林分结构和竞争对生产力影响的认识,对改善林分结构以提高森林质量和固碳能力具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Developmental stage dictates the morphogenetic competence of royal poinciana [Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. cotyledons 发育阶段决定了王家蚕(Delonix regia, Bojer ex Hook)的形态发生能力。英国皇家空军。子叶
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-025-02715-w
Andrey de Oliveira Costa, Lázara Aline Simões Silva, Otalício Damásio da Costa Junior, Thamires Fernanda Gomes, Josimar dos Santos Ladeira, Mariana Machado, Leandro Silva de Oliveira, Diego Ismael Rocha

Key message

The developmental stage of cotyledonary explants influences morphogenesis in Delonix regia, with immature and seedling-derived explants being more responsive to in vitro regeneration.

Abstract

The developmental stage of the explants plays a crucial role in the expression of morphogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiological behavior of cotyledonary explants at different developmental stages during somatic embryogenesis induction of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. cotyledons from seedlings (SC), immature (IC), and mature (MC) zygotic embryos were inoculated in MS culture medium with 1.0 mg L− 1 of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.125 mg L− 1 of 6-benzyladenine (BA). The experiment was conducted in a growth room at 25 ± 1 °C, in the dark, for 30 days. The IC and SC presented calluses on their surface and gained fresh mass. These calluses showed cell clusters with meristematic-like cytological features, confirming the morphogenetic potential of the calluses. In contrast, MC did not present morphogenetic response or cytological changes. Unlike the IC and SC storage contents, the MC protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents did not change significantly throughout the in vitro culture. Interestingly, explants that showed morphogenetic responses (IC and SC) had significantly higher indole-3-acetic acid, proline, and putrescine content than MC. The results obtained demonstrate the influence of the development stage of cotyledonary explants for the induction of morphogenetic pathways and contribute to a better understanding of the in vitro behavior of cotyledonary explants for the establishment of regeneration systems of D. regia and other woody species.

子叶外植体的发育阶段影响龙葵的形态发生,未成熟和苗源外植体对离体再生的响应更大。摘要外植体发育阶段对形态发生的表达起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在研究龙葵(Delonix regia, Bojer ex Hook)体胚诱导过程中不同发育阶段子叶外植体的形态生理行为。英国皇家空军。将幼苗(SC)、未成熟(IC)和成熟(MC)合子胚的子叶接种于含有1.0 mg L−1二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d)和0.125 mg L−1 6-苄基腺嘌呤(BA)的MS培养基中。实验在25±1°C的生长室内,在黑暗中进行,持续30天。IC和SC表面出现了老茧,并获得了新鲜的质量。这些愈伤组织显示具有分生组织样细胞学特征的细胞团,证实了愈伤组织的形态发生潜力。相比之下,MC没有出现形态发生反应或细胞学改变。与IC和SC贮藏含量不同,MC的蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物含量在体外培养过程中没有显著变化。有趣的是,表现出形态发生反应的外植体(IC和SC)的吲哚-3-乙酸、脯氨酸和腐胺含量显著高于MC。研究结果表明,子叶外植体发育阶段对诱导形态发生途径的影响,有助于更好地了解子叶外植体的离体行为对建立太子参和其他木本植物再生体系的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Exogenous Azotobacter vinelandii application as a component of integrated plant nutrient management in ‘Hass’ avocado crops 更正:外源固氮菌vinelandii应用作为“Hass”鳄梨作物综合植物营养管理的组成部分
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02733-2
John Alexander Gross-Urrego, Alvaro Daniel Pantoja-Benavides, German Arturo Moreno-Poveda, Augusto Ramírez-Godoy, Cristhian Camilo Chávez-Arias, Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
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引用次数: 0
Differences in stomatal conductance between two mediterranean oaks and their hybrids across a climatic gradient: what do they respond to? 两种地中海橡树及其杂交品种在不同气候梯度下气孔导度的差异:它们对什么有反应?
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02743-0
S. González-Carrera, A. Escudero, I. Martín, C. Talma, M. Martínez-Ortega, S. Mediavilla

Key message

Low-altitude trees allocate a greater proportion of assimilated carbon to growth, whereas treeline trees preferentially allocate carbon to storage to cope with environmental constraints.

Abstract

Stomatal conductance contributes decisively to regulate water and carbon fluxes and constitutes a fundamental mechanism to guarantee water conservation and leaf survival in water-limited environments. There is controversy with respect to the role of stomatal traits in the determination of stomatal conductance values and their variations through time. We analyzed the stomatal traits, leaf phenology, leaf water potentials and the maximum (gmax) and minimum (gmin) stomatal conductance in two Mediterranean Quercus species (Quercus faginea Lam. and Q. pyrenaica Willd.) and their hybrids, as well as their changes across a climatic gradient. Our purpose was to study whether the stomatal traits determine the possible differences in conductance between genetic groups and between sites. Q. faginea exhibited more drought-adapted traits (larger stomatal density, but lower stomatal index and gmax) than Q. pyrenaica. Hybrids possessed intermediate stomatal traits between the two parent species but maintained gmax values similar to those of Q. pyrenaica. Mean leaf longevity was shorter for Q. pyrenaica and the hybrids with respect to Q. faginea, mainly because of delayed leaf emergence. This suggests that the higher gmax of Q. pyrenaica and hybrids may be due to the need to increase CO2 assimilation during the shorter time available to compensate investments in leaf production. Within a single genetic group, there were no changes in stomatal traits across the climatic gradient. However, gmax was significantly larger and gmin lower for all groups at the warmest site, which indicates that operational stomatal conductance would vary independently of stomatal traits.

低海拔树木将更大比例的吸收碳分配给生长,而树线树木优先将碳分配给储存以应对环境限制。摘要气孔导度对水分和碳通量的调节起着决定性的作用,是保证水分保持和叶片在缺水环境下存活的基本机制。关于气孔特征在测定气孔导度值中的作用及其随时间的变化存在争议。对地中海栎(Quercus faginea Lam)两种树种的气孔性状、叶片物候、叶片水势和气孔导度最大值(gmax)和最小值(gmin)进行了分析。以及野生白僵菌(Q. pyrenaica wild .)和它们的杂交品种,以及它们在气候梯度上的变化。我们的目的是研究气孔性状是否决定了遗传群之间和位点之间的导度差异。在干旱适应性状方面,黑毛栎比黄毛栎表现出更大的气孔密度,但气孔指数和gmax较低。杂交种的气孔性状介于两亲本之间,但其gmax值与白栎相近。黄曲霉和杂交种的平均叶片寿命较短,主要原因是叶片出芽延迟。这表明,黄曲杨及其杂交后代较高的gmax可能是由于需要在较短的可用时间内增加CO2同化,以补偿叶片生产的投资。在同一遗传群内,气孔性状在气候梯度上没有变化。但在最暖地点,各类群的gmax显著大于gmin, gmin显著小于gmax,说明运行气孔导度的变化与气孔性状无关。
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引用次数: 0
Drought and masting affect growth allocation along the stem axis in beech, oak, fir and spruce in temperate forests 干旱和干旱影响了温带森林中山毛榉、橡树、冷杉和云杉沿茎轴的生长分配
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02723-4
Mareike Hirsch, Evgenia Greiner-Müller, Simon Boden, Katharina Hillenmeyer, Arno Mattes, Johanna Schuler, Peter Spathelf, Ernst van der Maaten, Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen, Thomas Seifert

In temperate forests, tree growth and vitality are significantly influenced by drought, often reflected by low stem diameter growth. Additionally, masting, the cyclic production of seeds, can also affect growth, particularly through its interactions with environmental factors like drought. Despite extensive research on the individual impacts of drought and masting, their combined effects on growth allocation remain underexplored, especially for a broader variety of species. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating how drought and/or masting influence growth patterns in the coniferous species Abies alba and Picea abies, as well as the deciduous broadleaved species Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea. Utilising tree-ring data collected over several decades, we analysed how basal area increment (BAI) at 1.3 m stem height as well as along the stem axis responds to various scenarios of drought and masting. Our results showed that drought consistently reduced BAI in all species. F. sylvatica and P. abies experienced significantly lower BAI during mast years that coincided with drought, suggesting a potential trade-off between vegetative and reproductive growth under resource limitation. In contrast, Q. petraea exhibited higher BAI during mast years, indicating a distinct carbon allocation strategy. Furthermore, our study revealed that differences in BAI between mast and non-mast years were most prominent in the upper stem in the deciduous species, particularly during drought periods. These findings highlight the complex interactions between environmental stress, stem diameter growth and seed production, emphasising the need for further research into whole-tree carbon allocation processes.

在温带森林中,树木的生长和活力受到干旱的显著影响,通常表现为低茎粗生长。此外,种子的循环生产也会影响生长,特别是通过与干旱等环境因素的相互作用。尽管对干旱和干旱的个别影响进行了广泛的研究,但它们对生长分配的综合影响仍未得到充分探讨,特别是对更广泛种类的物种。本研究旨在通过研究干旱和/或干旱如何影响针叶林物种冷杉(Abies alba)和云杉(Picea Abies)以及落叶阔叶物种Fagus sylvatica和栎(Quercus petaea)的生长模式来弥补这一差距。利用几十年来收集的树木年轮数据,我们分析了1.3 m茎高处以及沿茎轴的基底面积增量(BAI)对不同干旱和干旱情景的响应。我们的研究结果表明,干旱持续降低了所有物种的BAI。森林杉木和冷杉在干旱的丰年经历了显著的低BAI,这表明在资源限制下,植物的营养生长和生殖生长之间存在着潜在的平衡。相比之下,白桫椤在大多数年份表现出较高的BAI,表明其碳分配策略不同。此外,我们的研究还发现,在阔叶树中,阔叶树的上部茎秆在桅杆年与非桅杆年之间的BAI差异最为显著,尤其是在干旱时期。这些发现强调了环境胁迫、茎粗生长和种子生产之间复杂的相互作用,强调了进一步研究全树碳分配过程的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting the possible distribution areas of Picea orientalis under climate change in Türkiye 气候变化下云南云杉可能分布区域的预测
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02738-x
Ugur Canturk

Key message

Ensemble modeling predicts Picea orientalis habitat shifts in Türkiye, with contraction near the Black Sea and inland expansion, highlighting the need for drought-resistant provenances and adaptive forest management strategies.

Abstract

Picea orientalis is an ecologically and economically important tree species (accounting for about 2.3% of the total forest area) and naturally occurs between 550 and 2400 m a.s.l. in Northeastern Anatolia and Caucasus. However, P. orientalis is negatively affected by climate change due to decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, which are the adverse effects of global climate change. In this research, based on 38 spatially refined out of 82 occurrence records of P. orientalis and 23 environmental parameters, the potential distribution areas (PDAs) for P. orientalis under two different climate change scenarios (SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5) were investigated with the help of an ensemble model (EM). According to the findings, the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS) value of EM were 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. P. orientalis PDAs in Türkiye are severely affected by Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) (Bio15), Annual Precipitation (Bio12) and Temperature Seasonality (Bio4). In conclusion, according to the SSP2-4.5 scenario, PDAs of P. orientalis are expected to decrease near the Black Sea coast and to expand inland regions. According to the SSP5-8.5 scenario, an initial decrease in PDAs is projected, followed by a significant expansion until 2100. This study emphasizes prioritizing drought-resistant provenances for afforestation and reforestation, ensuring forest health and functionality, and calls for integrated management strategies addressing key tree species’ physiological and ecological responses to environmental changes.

集成模型预测了东方云杉在土耳其的栖息地变化,黑海附近的收缩和内陆的扩张,强调了对抗旱种源和适应性森林管理策略的需求。摘要东方云杉(picea orientalis)是一种重要的生态和经济树种,约占森林总面积的2.3%,自然生长在安纳托利亚东北部和高加索地区海拔550 ~ 2400 m之间。然而,由于全球气候变化的不利影响,降水减少和气温升高对东方杉的生长具有负面影响。本研究基于82种东方桦发生记录中的38种空间精化资料和23个环境参数,利用集合模型(EM)对不同气候变化情景(SSP5-8.5和SSP2-4.5)下东方桦的潜在分布区进行了研究。结果显示,受试者工作特征曲线下平均面积(AUC)和真技能统计(TSS)值分别为0.99和0.97。东北地区东方桦的PDAs受降水季节(变异系数)(Bio15)、年降水量(Bio12)和温度季节(Bio4)的影响较大。综上所述,在SSP2-4.5情景下,东洋松毛虫的pda在黑海沿岸地区减少,在内陆地区扩大。根据SSP5-8.5情景,预计pda最初会减少,随后会显著增加,直到2100年。本研究强调在造林和再造林中优先考虑抗旱种源,确保森林的健康和功能,并呼吁采取综合管理策略,解决关键树种对环境变化的生理和生态反应。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological and physiological responses of Salix variegata to heat stress, drought stress, and combined heat - drought stress: a sex - specific analysis 杂交柳对热胁迫、干旱胁迫和热旱联合胁迫的形态和生理反应:性别特异性分析
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02730-5
Bei Deng, Yudi Wang, Wenwen Ren, Xiaofeng Wang, Ji Zhang, Jun Liao

Dioecious plants exhibit significant sexual dimorphism in responses to environmental stressors under global climate change. Heat and drought stress are major factors adversely impacting plant development, particularly in the fluctuating water-level zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGR) where dioecious plants play a crucial role in ecological restoration. We conducted a comparative analysis of female and male Salix variegata plants subjected to drought (DS), heat (HTS), and combined heat-drought stress (HTDS). Both sexes showed significant declines in plant height, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, root non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and leaf relative water content under all stresses, with the most severe inhibition under HTDS. Notably, females exhibited superior adaptability through higher photosynthetic efficiency, enhanced chlorophyll retention, and greater NSC allocation to aboveground organs, which supported sustained growth and water status maintenance under combined stress. Specifically, females had higher plant height, aboveground biomass, chlorophyll levels, malondialdehyde, and leaf NSC than males under HTDS. These findings demonstrate that female S. variegata employs more effective physiological strategies to mitigate stress damage, suggesting their greater resilience in future warming-drying climates. This sexual divergence in adaptation is critical for maintaining population stability and ecosystem function in vulnerable riparian habitats of the TGR.

在全球气候变化条件下,雌雄异株植物对环境胁迫的响应表现出明显的两性二态性。高温和干旱胁迫是影响植物发育的主要因素,特别是在三峡库区波动水位区,雌雄异株植物在生态恢复中起着至关重要的作用。本研究对干旱(DS)、高温(HTS)和热旱复合胁迫(HTDS)下柳(Salix variegata)雌雄植株进行了比较分析。在所有胁迫下,雌雄植株的株高、光合速率、叶绿素含量、根系非结构碳水化合物(NSC)和叶片相对含水量均显著下降,以高温胁迫抑制最为明显。值得注意的是,雌性通过更高的光合效率、更高的叶绿素保留率和更多的NSC分配给地上器官,表现出更强的适应性,从而支持在联合胁迫下的持续生长和水分状态的维持。在HTDS处理下,雌性植株的株高、地上生物量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛和叶片NSC均高于雄性。这些研究结果表明,雌性杂花蒿采用更有效的生理策略来减轻应激损害,表明它们在未来的暖干气候中具有更强的适应能力。这种适应上的性别差异对于维持三峡库区脆弱河岸生境的种群稳定和生态系统功能至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Structural and functional wood anatomical adaptations in the Mangrove genus Avicennia L. and their role in blue carbon storage 红树木属结构和功能解剖适应性及其在蓝碳储存中的作用
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02737-y
Subrata Mondal, Tanmay Santra, Saikat Naskar

Key message

The mangrove genus Avicennia dominates extensive intertidal habitats through specialised wood anatomical adaptations, regulated by a trade-off between conductive efficiency, embolism resistance, and mechanical strength, making it a key contributor to sedimentary blue carbon.

Abstract

Globally, the dominant mangrove genus Avicennia exhibits unique wood anatomical specialisations that ensure its survival across varying salinity levels within and between mangrove habitats. The anomaly in its wood anatomy is attributed to successive cambia, a rare feature in woody plants and not reported in other mangrove trees (except Aegialitis). The activity of successive cambia is patchy in nature, forming a complex three-dimensional network of cambium derivatives across the wood. This activity intensifies under low-salinity conditions during the monsoon and diminishes in the dry season. The vessel diameter in Avicennia exhibits plasticity, adjusting to environmental salinity by narrowing to reduce embolism. Additionally, phloem patches and parenchyma interspersed between rigid vessels and thick-walled fibres provide mechanical flexibility. These living tissues also contribute to embolism resistance. The adaptations of Avicennia can be explained through a trade-off mechanism comprising conductive efficiency, embolism resistance, and mechanical strength—collectively termed the trade-off triangle. As a dominant genus in coastal mangrove habitats, Avicennia has evolved to allocate resources towards enhancing mechanical strength. Consequently, its wood has a high lignin composition, though not always superior to that of all mangrove species. However, the high weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) of its lignin indicate greater recalcitrance compared to other species, making Avicennia a significant contributor to sedimentary blue carbon storage. Thus, species of Avicennia can be recognised as ‘Key Blue Carbon Species’ within the ‘Blue Carbon Ecosystem’.

红树属Avicennia通过特殊的木材解剖适应性在广泛的潮间带栖息地中占据主导地位,通过导电效率、抗栓性和机械强度之间的权衡来调节,使其成为沉积蓝碳的关键贡献者。摘要在全球范围内,占主导地位的红树属Avicennia表现出独特的木材解剖专门化,以确保其在红树林栖息地内部和之间的不同盐度水平下生存。其木材解剖结构的异常归因于连续形成层,这是木本植物中罕见的特征,在其他红树林中未见报道(除了Aegialitis)。连续形成层的活动在自然界中是斑驳的,在整个树木中形成了一个复杂的三维形成层衍生物网络。这种活动在季风期间的低盐度条件下加剧,在旱季减弱。海绵状血管瘤的血管直径表现出可塑性,通过变窄以减少栓塞来适应环境盐度。此外,韧皮部斑块和薄壁组织之间穿插刚性血管和厚壁纤维提供机械灵活性。这些活组织也有助于抗栓塞。Avicennia的适应性可以通过一种权衡机制来解释,该机制包括导电效率、抗栓塞性和机械强度——统称为权衡三角。作为沿海红树林生境的优势属,海棠已经进化到将资源分配给增强机械强度。因此,它的木材有很高的木质素组成,虽然并不总是优于所有的红树林物种。然而,与其他物种相比,其高质量平均分子量(Mw)和数量平均分子量(Mn)的木质素表现出更强的顽固性,使其成为沉积蓝碳储存的重要贡献者。因此,Avicennia物种可以被认为是“蓝碳生态系统”中的“关键蓝碳物种”。
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引用次数: 0
Population structure and reproductive biology of Magnolia calimaensis an endemic species from the central Chocó region Chocó中部地区特有种白玉兰的种群结构和生殖生物学
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-025-02705-y
Gloria D. González-Zúñiga, Cristian Rodas-Ensuncho, Marino Ramos, Juan Pablo Cuevas-González, Sebastián Quimbayo-Díaz, Fernando Fernández-Méndez, Kelly T. Bocanegra-González

Magnolia calimaensis is an endemic tree from the central Chocó region in Colombia. It is classified as Critically Endangered, with fewer than 100 individuals remaining in an estimated distribution area of less than 50 km². This research aimed to evaluate the population structure and reproductive biology of the species, through the census and the observation of the individuals recorded. Three locations within its proposed distribution range in the departments of Chocó and Valle del Cauca were surveyed, where dasometric variables were measured, and the presence of reproductive structures was recorded to describe the floral opening process and insect-plant interactions. Thirty-eight individuals were localised in a gregarious dispersal pattern in two geographic populations. Their dimensions oscillate between 6 up to 20 m height and 3 up to 50 cm diameter at breast height. The species blooms between November and March in a evening-night model and a protogynous cycle of 2 days, where it is presumed that beetles of the Nitidulidae family carry out the pollination. The distribution range of M. calimaensis exclusively includes the Bajo Calima and Bahía Málaga localities in Valle del Cauca department; in the latter, 23% of the individuals were recorded near Urámba Bahía Málaga National Natural Park and La Sierpe Regional Natural Park. Basic information about the autoecology of M. calimaensis is provided, encouraging the scientific community and competent entities to take measures for the management and conservation of the species.

白玉兰(Magnolia calimaensis)是哥伦比亚中部Chocó地区的特有树种。它被列为极度濒危物种,在不到50平方公里的估计分布区域内,只剩下不到100只。本研究旨在通过对记录个体的普查和观察,对该物种的种群结构和生殖生物学进行评价。研究人员在Chocó省和考卡山谷省的3个地点对其分布范围进行了调查,测量了测量变量,并记录了生殖结构的存在,以描述花的开放过程和昆虫与植物的相互作用。38个个体在两个地理种群中以群居分散模式分布。它们的尺寸在6到20米的高度和3到50厘米的胸围之间波动。该物种在11月至3月之间开花,以晚上和2天的原生生殖周期为模式,据推测,在此期间,Nitidulidae家族的甲虫进行授粉。M. calimaensis的分布范围仅包括Bajo Calima和Valle del Cauca省Bahía Málaga地区;在后者,23%的个体记录在Urámba Bahía Málaga国家自然公园和La Sierpe区域自然公园附近。提供了卡里马属植物自身生态学的基本信息,鼓励科学界和有关部门采取措施对该物种进行管理和保护。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological and metabolic responses of the Amazonian Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea) to elevated CO2 亚马逊Açaí棕榈(Euterpe oleracea)对CO2升高的生理和代谢反应
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-026-02732-3
Fernanda Mendes de Rezende, Adriana Grandis, Leila Cristina Mortari, Bruna Cersózimo Arenque, Marcos Silveira Buckeridge

Key Message

Elevated CO₂ boosts the growth of açaí plants mainly through increased carbon assimilation and starch accumulation, however, there are signs of acclimation by sugar sensing mechanisms.

Abstract

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) is an important sustainable crop in the Amazon region, used as a food supplement and widely consumed locally and exported globally. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and metabolic responses of açaí to elevated atmospheric CO2, focusing on non-structural carbohydrate dynamics. Juvenile plants grew in open-top chambers under ambient (~ 380 ppm) and elevated (~ 760 ppm) CO2 levels for 90 days, carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, growth, dry mass, and non-structural carbohydrate content (starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, and myo-inositol) were measured. Elevated CO2 significantly increased carbon assimilation, particularly in the second leaf, while reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration. Starch accumulation in leaves increased by 180%, and overall dry mass was higher, although the area of the first leaf decreased. Non-structural carbohydrate levels varied among organs, with roots showing the lowest levels. These findings suggest that elevated CO2 can promote growth in juvenile açaí plant due to high carbohydrate (starch) accumulation. However, signs of acclimation were observed over development, with declines in photosynthesis and relative growth rate. The pattern of carbohydrate metabolism, especially starch accumulation and slight raffinose transient decay, indicates that acclimation may involve sugar-sensing mechanisms.

升高的CO₂主要通过增加碳吸收和淀粉积累来促进açaí植物的生长,但也有通过糖感应机制适应的迹象。AbstractAçaí (Euterpe oleracea)是亚马逊地区重要的可持续作物,被用作食品补充剂,在当地广泛消费并出口到全球。本研究旨在研究açaí对大气CO2升高的生理和代谢反应,重点研究非结构性碳水化合物动力学。幼苗在环境(~ 380 ppm)和升高(~ 760 ppm) CO2水平下在开顶箱中生长90天,测量碳同化、气孔导度、蒸腾、生长、干质量和非结构碳水化合物含量(淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、棉子糖和肌醇)。升高的CO2显著增加了碳同化,特别是在第二叶,同时降低了气孔导度和蒸腾。叶片中淀粉积累量增加了180%,虽然第一片叶的面积减少了,但总干质量增加了。非结构性碳水化合物水平在各器官之间存在差异,根的水平最低。这些结果表明,升高的CO2可以促进açaí植株幼苗的生长,这是由于碳水化合物(淀粉)的高积累。然而,随着光合作用和相对生长速率的下降,在发育过程中观察到驯化的迹象。碳水化合物代谢的模式,特别是淀粉积累和轻微的棉子糖短暂衰变,表明驯化可能涉及糖感机制。
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引用次数: 0
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Trees
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