Patricio A. Gallardo, Roberto Puddu, K. Harrington, Bradford Benson, J. Carlstrom, S. Dicker, Nick Emerson, Jon E. Gudmundsson, M. Limon, Jeff McMahon, J. Nagy, T. Natoli, M. Niemack, Stephen Padin, John Ruhl, Sara M. Simon, the CMB-S4 Collaboration
CMB-S4, the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) observatory, will provide detailed maps of the CMB at millimeter wavelengths to dramatically advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. CMB-S4 will deploy large- and small-aperture telescopes with hundreds of thousands of detectors to observe the CMB at arcminute and degree resolutions at millimeter wavelengths. Inflationary science benefits from a deep delensing survey at arcminute resolutions capable of observing a large field of view at millimeter wavelengths. This kind of survey acts as a complement to a degree angular resolution survey. The delensing survey requires a nearly uniform distribution of cameras per frequency band across the focal plane. We present a large-throughput (9.4° field of view), large-aperture (5-m diameter) freeform three-mirror anastigmatic telescope and an array of 85 cameras for CMB observations at arcminute resolutions, which meets the needs of the delensing survey of CMB-S4. A detailed prescription of this three-mirror telescope and cameras is provided, with a series of numerical calculations that indicates expected optical performance and mechanical tolerance.
{"title":"Freeform three-mirror anastigmatic large-aperture telescope and\u0000 receiver optics for CMB-S4","authors":"Patricio A. Gallardo, Roberto Puddu, K. Harrington, Bradford Benson, J. Carlstrom, S. Dicker, Nick Emerson, Jon E. Gudmundsson, M. Limon, Jeff McMahon, J. Nagy, T. Natoli, M. Niemack, Stephen Padin, John Ruhl, Sara M. Simon, the CMB-S4 Collaboration","doi":"10.1364/ao.501744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.501744","url":null,"abstract":"CMB-S4, the next-generation\u0000 ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) observatory, will\u0000 provide detailed maps of the CMB at millimeter wavelengths to\u0000 dramatically advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of\u0000 the universe. CMB-S4 will deploy large- and small-aperture telescopes\u0000 with hundreds of thousands of detectors to observe the CMB at\u0000 arcminute and degree resolutions at millimeter wavelengths.\u0000 Inflationary science benefits from a deep delensing survey at\u0000 arcminute resolutions capable of observing a large field of view at\u0000 millimeter wavelengths. This kind of survey acts as a complement to a\u0000 degree angular resolution survey. The delensing survey requires a\u0000 nearly uniform distribution of cameras per frequency band across the\u0000 focal plane. We present a large-throughput (9.4° field of view),\u0000 large-aperture (5-m diameter) freeform three-mirror anastigmatic\u0000 telescope and an array of 85 cameras for CMB observations at arcminute\u0000 resolutions, which meets the needs of the delensing survey of CMB-S4.\u0000 A detailed prescription of this three-mirror telescope and cameras is\u0000 provided, with a series of numerical calculations that indicates\u0000 expected optical performance and mechanical tolerance.","PeriodicalId":8092,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1177/10443894231183609
Saltanat Childress, Catherine A LaBrenz, Erin Findley, Philip Baiden
This study explores mothers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on stressors, parenting roles, and work expectations. Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews with a diverse group of 44 mothers in the United States generated two main themes: adjusting parenting roles and career concerns for mothers. Findings reveal that mothers have both internalized strong intra-family expectations to shoulder the primary responsibility for domestic labor and childcare in addition to completing their work obligations and experience institutional gender bias in the expectations that employers have for female employees. The interviews highlight lower expectations for fathers' contributions to parenting under pandemic conditions. Implications for research and policy are discussed with a particular focus on critiquing structures that may perpetuate gender disparities.
{"title":"Adjusting Parenting Roles and Work Expectations among Women with Children during COVID-19.","authors":"Saltanat Childress, Catherine A LaBrenz, Erin Findley, Philip Baiden","doi":"10.1177/10443894231183609","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10443894231183609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores mothers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on stressors, parenting roles, and work expectations. Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews with a diverse group of 44 mothers in the United States generated two main themes: adjusting parenting roles and career concerns for mothers. Findings reveal that mothers have both internalized strong intra-family expectations to shoulder the primary responsibility for domestic labor and childcare in addition to completing their work obligations and experience institutional gender bias in the expectations that employers have for female employees. The interviews highlight lower expectations for fathers' contributions to parenting under pandemic conditions. Implications for research and policy are discussed with a particular focus on critiquing structures that may perpetuate gender disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8092,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"4 1","pages":"252-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89236824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qilin Liu, Guangyi Dai, M. Dong, Peng Sun, B. Yan, Jun Wang, Lianqing Zhu
{"title":"A Camera Optimal Projection Model Identification and Calibration Method Based on the NGO-BA Architecture","authors":"Qilin Liu, Guangyi Dai, M. Dong, Peng Sun, B. Yan, Jun Wang, Lianqing Zhu","doi":"10.1364/ao.510124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.510124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8092,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"30 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enlargement of Viewing Zone and Size of Reconstructed Image in Electro-holography Using Multiple Reconstruction Lights by Eye-tracking","authors":"Riku Watanabe, Yuji Sakamoto","doi":"10.1364/ao.507391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.507391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8092,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"91 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A low loss and ultra-broadband design of integrated 3-dB power splitter centered at 2 μm","authors":"Zhiming Liu, Yue Dong, Yin Xu, Bo Zhang, Yi Ni","doi":"10.1364/ao.510814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.510814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8092,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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