首页 > 最新文献

Archiv fur Tierernahrung最新文献

英文 中文
Effects of vitamin C supplementation on performance, iron status and immune function of weaned piglets. 补充维生素C对断奶仔猪生产性能、铁状态和免疫功能的影响。
Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00039420214176
Junmei Zhao, Defa Li, Xiangshu Piao, Wenjun Yang, Fenglai Wang

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on performance, iron status and immune function of pigs during the 21-day post-weaning period. In experiment one, 48 crossbred pigs (Chester White x Large White x Yorkshire), weaned at 30 days of age and weighing 7.7 +/- 0.9 kg, were allotted to diets containing either 0 or 300 mg/kg vitamin C. In experiment two, 96 crossbred pigs (Chester White x Large White x Yorkshire), weaned at 20 +/- 2 days and weighing 7.1 +/- 0.5 kg, were allotted to diets containing 0.75 or 300 mg/kg vitamin C. Six replicate pens were assigned to each treatment in experiment one while experiment two had eight replicates. All pens housed two barrows and two gilts. In both experiments, no improvement (P > 0.05) in growth rate, feed intake or feed conversion was observed as a result of vitamin C supplementation. Plasma iron concentration increased (P < 0.10) with increased vitamin C in the diet while free and total iron binding capacity were unaffected by treatment. There were no differences in the intradermal response to the mitogen phytohemaggutinin used as an indicator of cellular immunity (P > 0.05). In trial 2, the plasma levels of the immunoglobulin IgG showed a linear (P = 0.07) increase with increasing levels of vitamin C and the same trend was noted in trial 1. Antibody titers to bovine serum albumin also tended to increase in both trials but the increases were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the overall results of these experiments indicate that weanling pig performance is not improved as a result of vitamin C supplementation. Whether or not vitamin C plays a role in stimulating humoral immune function in pigs requires further study since the results of our experiments do not completely rule out the possibility that such a role exists.

本试验旨在评价饲粮中添加维生素C对断奶后21 d猪生产性能、铁状态和免疫功能的影响。试验一选取48头30日龄断奶、体重7.7 +/- 0.9 kg的杂交猪(切斯特白×大白×约克郡),分别饲喂维生素c含量为0或300 mg/kg的饲粮。试验二选取96头断奶20 +/- 2日龄、体重7.1 +/- 0.5 kg的杂交猪(切斯特白×大白×约克郡)。试验1和试验2分别饲喂维生素c含量为0.75和300 mg/kg的饲粮,每个处理6个重复,试验2 8个重复。所有的猪圈里都有两匹马和两头母猪。在两项试验中,维生素C的添加均未显著提高肉鸡的生长率、采食量和饲料系数(P > 0.05)。血浆铁浓度随饲料中维生素C含量的增加而升高(P < 0.10),而游离铁和总铁结合能力不受处理影响。作为细胞免疫指标的有丝分裂原植物血凝素的皮内反应差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。试验2中免疫球蛋白IgG水平随维生素C水平的升高呈线性升高(P = 0.07),试验1中也有相同趋势。在两项试验中,牛血清白蛋白的抗体滴度也有增加的趋势,但这种增加没有统计学意义。综上所述,这些试验的总体结果表明,补充维生素C并没有提高断奶猪的生产性能。维生素C是否在刺激猪的体液免疫功能中起作用还需要进一步的研究,因为我们的实验结果并没有完全排除这种作用存在的可能性。
{"title":"Effects of vitamin C supplementation on performance, iron status and immune function of weaned piglets.","authors":"Junmei Zhao,&nbsp;Defa Li,&nbsp;Xiangshu Piao,&nbsp;Wenjun Yang,&nbsp;Fenglai Wang","doi":"10.1080/00039420214176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on performance, iron status and immune function of pigs during the 21-day post-weaning period. In experiment one, 48 crossbred pigs (Chester White x Large White x Yorkshire), weaned at 30 days of age and weighing 7.7 +/- 0.9 kg, were allotted to diets containing either 0 or 300 mg/kg vitamin C. In experiment two, 96 crossbred pigs (Chester White x Large White x Yorkshire), weaned at 20 +/- 2 days and weighing 7.1 +/- 0.5 kg, were allotted to diets containing 0.75 or 300 mg/kg vitamin C. Six replicate pens were assigned to each treatment in experiment one while experiment two had eight replicates. All pens housed two barrows and two gilts. In both experiments, no improvement (P > 0.05) in growth rate, feed intake or feed conversion was observed as a result of vitamin C supplementation. Plasma iron concentration increased (P < 0.10) with increased vitamin C in the diet while free and total iron binding capacity were unaffected by treatment. There were no differences in the intradermal response to the mitogen phytohemaggutinin used as an indicator of cellular immunity (P > 0.05). In trial 2, the plasma levels of the immunoglobulin IgG showed a linear (P = 0.07) increase with increasing levels of vitamin C and the same trend was noted in trial 1. Antibody titers to bovine serum albumin also tended to increase in both trials but the increases were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the overall results of these experiments indicate that weanling pig performance is not improved as a result of vitamin C supplementation. Whether or not vitamin C plays a role in stimulating humoral immune function in pigs requires further study since the results of our experiments do not completely rule out the possibility that such a role exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"56 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039420214176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22073671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Effect of dietary mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of pigs' adipose tissues. 饲粮单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸对猪脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响。
Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00039420214178
Karola R Gläser, C Wenk, M R L Scheeder

In two experiments with growing-finishing pigs six different dietary fats were added to a conventional diet (control--C) to study the effects of dietary monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of backfat and kidney fat at similar amounts of double bonds in feed (Exp. 1:7% pork fat--PF, 4.95% olive oil--OO, 3.17% soybean oil--SO) or a constant amount of 5% of processed fats (Exp. 2: partially hydrogenated fat--SAT, fractionated pork fats: olein--OLE, stearin--STE). Compared with the control, PUFA were only slightly increased in backfat of pigs fed PF, OLE, STE or OO, although dietary PUFA intake was up to 70% higher. With SO PUFA were significantly increased in adipose tissues, predominantly at the expense of MUFA. Consequently, a non-linear relationship was found between PUFA intake and proportion in backfat. MUFA were incorporated at the expense of SFA, therefore, adipose tissues of OO fed animals were lowest in SFA. Despite comparable amounts of double bonds in feed (Exp. 1), the degree of unsaturation measured as fat score (sum of double bonds) was in the order SO > OO > PF > C. In contrast, the proportion of SFA was C > PF = SO > OO. Regarding the decisive role of SFA for fat consistency it may be concluded that MUFA should also be considered in feeding recommendations for pigs. Furthermore, in case of a high dietary supply of MUFA, a simple index of double bonds might not be sufficiently conclusive to judge pig fat quality.

在两个实验growing-finishing猪六种不同膳食脂肪被添加到传统的饮食(控制——C)来研究饮食的影响不饱和(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)背膘和肾脂肪的脂肪酸组成相似的饲料中双键的(Exp。1:7%猪肉脂肪- PF, 4.95%橄榄油——OO,豆油,所以3.17%)或固定数量的处理脂肪的5% (Exp。2:部分氢化脂肪——坐,分馏猪肉脂肪:油精,OLE硬脂,STE)。与对照组相比,饲喂PF、OLE、STE或OO的猪背膘中PUFA含量仅略有增加,但饲粮PUFA摄入量高达70%。与SO相比,脂肪组织中的PUFA显著增加,主要是MUFA的减少。因此,PUFA摄入量与背部脂肪比例之间存在非线性关系。MUFA的加入是以SFA为代价的,因此,SFA中OO喂养动物的脂肪组织最低。尽管饲料中双键的数量相当(实验1),但以脂肪评分(双键之和)衡量的不饱和程度依次为SO > OO > PF > C。相反,SFA的比例为C > PF = SO > OO。考虑到SFA对脂肪稠度的决定性作用,可以得出结论,在猪的饲粮推荐中也应考虑MUFA。此外,在饲粮中多聚脂肪酸含量较高的情况下,简单的双键指数可能不足以判断猪油品质。
{"title":"Effect of dietary mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of pigs' adipose tissues.","authors":"Karola R Gläser,&nbsp;C Wenk,&nbsp;M R L Scheeder","doi":"10.1080/00039420214178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two experiments with growing-finishing pigs six different dietary fats were added to a conventional diet (control--C) to study the effects of dietary monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of backfat and kidney fat at similar amounts of double bonds in feed (Exp. 1:7% pork fat--PF, 4.95% olive oil--OO, 3.17% soybean oil--SO) or a constant amount of 5% of processed fats (Exp. 2: partially hydrogenated fat--SAT, fractionated pork fats: olein--OLE, stearin--STE). Compared with the control, PUFA were only slightly increased in backfat of pigs fed PF, OLE, STE or OO, although dietary PUFA intake was up to 70% higher. With SO PUFA were significantly increased in adipose tissues, predominantly at the expense of MUFA. Consequently, a non-linear relationship was found between PUFA intake and proportion in backfat. MUFA were incorporated at the expense of SFA, therefore, adipose tissues of OO fed animals were lowest in SFA. Despite comparable amounts of double bonds in feed (Exp. 1), the degree of unsaturation measured as fat score (sum of double bonds) was in the order SO > OO > PF > C. In contrast, the proportion of SFA was C > PF = SO > OO. Regarding the decisive role of SFA for fat consistency it may be concluded that MUFA should also be considered in feeding recommendations for pigs. Furthermore, in case of a high dietary supply of MUFA, a simple index of double bonds might not be sufficiently conclusive to judge pig fat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"56 1","pages":"51-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039420214178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22073673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Effect of the methodology on circulating peptides determination and consequences on net flux measurements across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. 方法对循环多肽测定的影响及其对绵羊胃肠道净通量测量的影响。
Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00039420214177
L Bernard, C F R Backwell, D Rémond, D Wilson, L A Bruce, V Buchan, J C MacRae

Two methodologies for the measurement of peptide amino acids (PAA) in blood were compared to evaluate their effects on the measurement of the net flux of peptides across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. These methods consisted of a chemical deproteinization of blood samples with sulfosalicylic acid (1.6 M, 0.1 ml for 1 ml of sample) or perchloric acid (1 M, 1 ml for 1 ml of sample) followed by ultrafiltration through a 3,000-Da cut-off filter (SSA + UF3 kD) or gel filtration through a Sephadex G-15 column (1,500-Da cut-off filter; PCA + G-15), respectively, prior to PAA analysis. Peptide concentrations as determined by amino acid concentrations before and after hydrolysis of samples were slightly greater with the SSA + UF3 kD (991 microM) than with the PCA + G-15 (605 microM) methodology. However, both methodologies gave similar net portal-drained viscera flux data in sheep fed on alfalfa pellets with histidine as the only significant uptake of peptide amino acid.

比较了两种测量血液中肽氨基酸(PAA)的方法,以评估它们对测量绵羊胃肠道中肽净通量的影响。这些方法包括用磺基水杨酸(1.6 M, 0.1 ml为1 ml样品)或高氯酸(1 M, 1 ml为1 ml样品)对血液样品进行化学脱蛋白,然后通过3,000 da截止过滤器(SSA + UF3 kD)进行超滤或通过Sephadex G-15柱(1,500-Da截止过滤器;PCA + G-15),再进行PAA分析。通过氨基酸浓度测定样品水解前后的肽浓度,SSA + UF3 kD法(991微米)略高于PCA + G-15法(605微米)。然而,这两种方法都给出了类似的净门静脉排泄脏器通量数据,这些数据是饲喂苜蓿颗粒的羊,组氨酸是唯一显著的肽氨基酸摄取。
{"title":"Effect of the methodology on circulating peptides determination and consequences on net flux measurements across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep.","authors":"L Bernard,&nbsp;C F R Backwell,&nbsp;D Rémond,&nbsp;D Wilson,&nbsp;L A Bruce,&nbsp;V Buchan,&nbsp;J C MacRae","doi":"10.1080/00039420214177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two methodologies for the measurement of peptide amino acids (PAA) in blood were compared to evaluate their effects on the measurement of the net flux of peptides across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. These methods consisted of a chemical deproteinization of blood samples with sulfosalicylic acid (1.6 M, 0.1 ml for 1 ml of sample) or perchloric acid (1 M, 1 ml for 1 ml of sample) followed by ultrafiltration through a 3,000-Da cut-off filter (SSA + UF3 kD) or gel filtration through a Sephadex G-15 column (1,500-Da cut-off filter; PCA + G-15), respectively, prior to PAA analysis. Peptide concentrations as determined by amino acid concentrations before and after hydrolysis of samples were slightly greater with the SSA + UF3 kD (991 microM) than with the PCA + G-15 (605 microM) methodology. However, both methodologies gave similar net portal-drained viscera flux data in sheep fed on alfalfa pellets with histidine as the only significant uptake of peptide amino acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"56 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039420214177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22073669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees C). 饲粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬和抗坏血酸对低温(6℃)条件下蛋鸡产蛋量、蛋品质和部分血清代谢物的影响
Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00039420214174
K Sahin, M Onderci, N Sahin, S Aydin

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on egg production and egg quality in laying hens (Hy-Line) kept at 18 degrees C (at thermo-neutral zone) or 6 degrees C (cold stress) in temperature-controlled rooms. One hundred and fifty laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into 5 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens kept at 6 degrees C temperature were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, LTB group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 micrograms of Cr per kg diet (Cr group), 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C group) or 400 micrograms of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C + Cr group) while hens kept at 18 degrees C fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TNB group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in LTB group compared with TNB group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin C significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed hens compared with group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C brought up to the values of the group reared under thermoneutral conditions (18 degrees C). Egg production and egg weight were also greater in each supplemental group compared with the LTB group. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased serum insulin but decreased corticosterone, glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Results of the present study show that supplementing vitamin C and chromium, particularly as a combination, improved the performance of cold-stressed hens. Such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing cold stress-related losses in performance of laying hens.

本试验旨在研究添加铬(吡啶甲酸铬、吡啶甲酸铬)和维生素C (l -抗坏血酸)对18℃(热中性区)和6℃(冷应激)条件下蛋鸡(hyline)产蛋量和蛋品质的影响。选取32周龄的蛋鸡150只,随机分为5组,每组30只。蛋鸡保持在6摄氏度的温度被美联储基底饮食(低temperature-basal饮食,LTB组)或基底饮食补充400微克的Cr饮食(Cr组),每公斤每公斤250毫克的L-ascorbic酸饮食(C组)或400微克(Cr + 250毫克每公斤L-ascorbic酸饮食(C + Cr组),而母鸡保持在18摄氏度美联储基底饮食(thermo-neutral-basal饮食,TNB组)。与TNB组相比,LTB组生产性能和蛋品质显著降低。与基础饲粮6℃组相比,添加铬和维生素C显著提高了冷应激母鸡的活重变化和产蛋量,提高了饲料效率,且各添加组的产蛋量和蛋重均高于热中性(18℃)组。单独或联合补充铬和维生素C增加血清胰岛素,但降低皮质酮、葡萄糖和胆固醇浓度。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加维生素C和铬,特别是两者同时添加,可提高冷应激母鸡的生产性能。这种补充组合可以提供潜在的保护性管理实践,以防止与冷应激相关的蛋鸡生产性能损失。
{"title":"Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees C).","authors":"K Sahin,&nbsp;M Onderci,&nbsp;N Sahin,&nbsp;S Aydin","doi":"10.1080/00039420214174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on egg production and egg quality in laying hens (Hy-Line) kept at 18 degrees C (at thermo-neutral zone) or 6 degrees C (cold stress) in temperature-controlled rooms. One hundred and fifty laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into 5 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens kept at 6 degrees C temperature were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, LTB group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 micrograms of Cr per kg diet (Cr group), 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C group) or 400 micrograms of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C + Cr group) while hens kept at 18 degrees C fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TNB group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in LTB group compared with TNB group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin C significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed hens compared with group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C brought up to the values of the group reared under thermoneutral conditions (18 degrees C). Egg production and egg weight were also greater in each supplemental group compared with the LTB group. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased serum insulin but decreased corticosterone, glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Results of the present study show that supplementing vitamin C and chromium, particularly as a combination, improved the performance of cold-stressed hens. Such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing cold stress-related losses in performance of laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"56 1","pages":"41-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039420214174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22073672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Effect of starch application into the proximal duodenum of ruminants on starch digestibility in the small and total intestine. 近段十二指肠施淀粉对反刍动物小肠和全肠淀粉消化率的影响。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386202
A Matthé, P Lebzien, I Hric, G Flachowsky, A Sommer

Four Slovakian Black-and-white bulls (LW 410 +/- 12 kg; Exp. 1) and four Slovakian Black-and-white non lactating dairy cows (LW 475 +/- 14 kg; Exp. 2) with permanent ruminal cannulas, duodenal T-cannulas and ileal re-entrant cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the postruminal capacity of starch digestion. In Exp. 1 bulls received 5.4 kg DM from corn silage and 3.6 kg DM from alfalfa hay, in Exp. 2 cows consumed only 2.1 kg DM corn silage and 1.9 kg DM alfalfa hay. Additionally, either 750 or 1500 g (Exp. 1) or resp. 1000 or 2000 g (Exp. 2) gelatinized corn or wheat starch per animal and day were applied as pulse doses or as infusion into the proximal duodenum. In both experiments the duodenal and ileal nutrient flow, as well as the faecal excretion without starch application, were measured in a pre-period. After starting starch application ileal digesta and faeces were sampled over 120 h after 9 or 23 days of adaptation respectively. Cr2O3 was used as a flow marker. It was shown, that the capacity of starch utilisation in the small intestine was limited. The effect of different doses of bypass-starch was more pronounced than the effect of different starch sources. Starch digestibility decreased with increasing amounts of starch in the intestine (Exp. 1: corn starch: from 74.3 to 68.0%, P < 0.001; wheat starch: from 76.7 to 67.4%, P < 0.001; Exp. 2: corn starch: from 71.4 to 50.3%. P < 0.001; wheat starch: from 73.8 to 53.1%, P < 0.001). Corn starch was 0.6 to 2.4% units (P < 0.05) and 2.4 to 2.8% units (P < 0.001) less digested than wheat starch in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively.

4头斯洛伐克黑白公牛(LW 410 +/- 12公斤);试验1)和4头斯洛伐克黑白非泌乳奶牛(LW 475 +/- 14 kg;试验2)采用永久性瘤胃插管、十二指肠t型插管和回肠再入式插管,采用4 × 4拉丁方设计测定瘤胃后淀粉消化能力。试验1期公牛从玉米青贮中摄取5.4 kg干物质,从苜蓿干草中摄取3.6 kg干物质;试验2期奶牛仅从玉米青贮中摄取2.1 kg干物质,从苜蓿干草中摄取1.9 kg干物质。此外,750或1500克(Exp. 1)或其他。每只动物和每天给予1000或2000 g(实验2)糊化玉米或小麦淀粉作为脉冲剂量或输注到十二指肠近端。在这两个实验中,在未施用淀粉的情况下,在前期测量了十二指肠和回肠营养流动以及粪便排泄。开始施淀粉后,分别在适应9天和23天后的120 h内采集回肠食糜和粪便。Cr2O3作为流动标记物。结果表明,小肠对淀粉的利用能力有限。不同剂量的旁路淀粉的影响比不同淀粉源的影响更明显。淀粉消化率随肠道淀粉添加量的增加而降低(试验1:玉米淀粉:从74.3%降至68.0%,P < 0.001;小麦淀粉:从76.7 ~ 67.4%,P < 0.001;试验2:玉米淀粉:从71.4%到50.3%。P < 0.001;小麦淀粉:73.8% ~ 53.1%,P < 0.001)。在试验1和试验2中,玉米淀粉消化率分别比小麦淀粉低0.6 ~ 2.4% (P < 0.05)和2.4 ~ 2.8% (P < 0.001)。
{"title":"Effect of starch application into the proximal duodenum of ruminants on starch digestibility in the small and total intestine.","authors":"A Matthé,&nbsp;P Lebzien,&nbsp;I Hric,&nbsp;G Flachowsky,&nbsp;A Sommer","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four Slovakian Black-and-white bulls (LW 410 +/- 12 kg; Exp. 1) and four Slovakian Black-and-white non lactating dairy cows (LW 475 +/- 14 kg; Exp. 2) with permanent ruminal cannulas, duodenal T-cannulas and ileal re-entrant cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the postruminal capacity of starch digestion. In Exp. 1 bulls received 5.4 kg DM from corn silage and 3.6 kg DM from alfalfa hay, in Exp. 2 cows consumed only 2.1 kg DM corn silage and 1.9 kg DM alfalfa hay. Additionally, either 750 or 1500 g (Exp. 1) or resp. 1000 or 2000 g (Exp. 2) gelatinized corn or wheat starch per animal and day were applied as pulse doses or as infusion into the proximal duodenum. In both experiments the duodenal and ileal nutrient flow, as well as the faecal excretion without starch application, were measured in a pre-period. After starting starch application ileal digesta and faeces were sampled over 120 h after 9 or 23 days of adaptation respectively. Cr2O3 was used as a flow marker. It was shown, that the capacity of starch utilisation in the small intestine was limited. The effect of different doses of bypass-starch was more pronounced than the effect of different starch sources. Starch digestibility decreased with increasing amounts of starch in the intestine (Exp. 1: corn starch: from 74.3 to 68.0%, P < 0.001; wheat starch: from 76.7 to 67.4%, P < 0.001; Exp. 2: corn starch: from 71.4 to 50.3%. P < 0.001; wheat starch: from 73.8 to 53.1%, P < 0.001). Corn starch was 0.6 to 2.4% units (P < 0.05) and 2.4 to 2.8% units (P < 0.001) less digested than wheat starch in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"55 4","pages":"351-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17450390109386202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22046674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Degradation of phytate in the gut of pigs--pathway of gastro-intestinal inositol phosphate hydrolysis and enzymes involved. 猪肠道内植酸的降解——胃肠道肌醇磷酸水解的途径和所涉及的酶。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386197
U Schlemmer, K D Jany, A Berk, E Schulz, G Rechkemmer

The present study gives an overview on the whole mechanism of phytate degradation in the gut and the enzymes involved. Based on the similarity of the human and pigs gut, the study was carried out in pigs as model for humans. To differentiate between intrinsic feed phytases and endogenous phytases hydrolysing phytate in the gut, two diets, one high (control diet) and the other one very low in intrinsic feed phytases (phytase inactivated diet) were applied. In the chyme of stomach, small intestine and colon inositol phosphate isomers and activities of phytases and alkaline phosphatases were determined. In parallel total tract phytate degradation and apparent phosphorus digestibility were assessed. In the stomach chyme of pigs fed the control diet, comparable high phytase activity and strong phytate degradation were observed. The predominant phytate hydrolysis products were inositol phosphates, typically formed by plant phytases. For the phytase inactivated diet, comparable very low phytase activity and almost no phytate degradation in the stomach were determined. In the small intestine and colon, high activity of alkaline phosphatases and low activity of phytases were observed, irrespective of the diet fed. In the colon, stronger phytate degradation for the phytase inactivated diet than for the control diet was detected. Phytate degradation throughout the whole gut was nearly complete and very similar for both diets while the apparent availability of total phosphorus was significantly higher for the pigs fed the control diet than the phytase inactivated diet. The pathway of inositol phosphate hydrolysis in the gut has been elucidated.

本研究综述了植酸在肠道内降解的整个机制和所涉及的酶。基于人和猪肠道的相似性,本研究以猪作为人类的模型进行。为了区分饲料中内生植酸酶和肠道中水解植酸的内源性植酸酶,采用了两种饲料,一种饲料中植酸酶含量高(对照饲料),另一种饲料中植酸酶含量低(植酸酶失活饲料)。测定了胃、小肠和结肠食糜中肌醇磷酸异构体及植酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性。平行测定全呼吸道植酸降解和表观磷消化率。在饲喂对照日粮的猪胃食糜中,观察到较高的植酸酶活性和较强的植酸降解。主要的植酸水解产物是肌醇磷酸,通常由植物植酸酶形成。对于植酸酶失活的饲料,确定了相当低的植酸酶活性和胃中几乎没有植酸降解。在小肠和结肠中,无论饲喂何种饲料,碱性磷酸酶活性均较高,植酸酶活性较低。在结肠中,植酸酶灭活饲料的植酸降解强于对照饲料。两种饲粮中植酸盐在整个肠道的降解几乎完全且非常相似,而饲喂对照饲粮的猪的总磷表观利用率显著高于植酸酶灭活饲粮。肌醇磷酸在肠道中的水解途径已被阐明。
{"title":"Degradation of phytate in the gut of pigs--pathway of gastro-intestinal inositol phosphate hydrolysis and enzymes involved.","authors":"U Schlemmer,&nbsp;K D Jany,&nbsp;A Berk,&nbsp;E Schulz,&nbsp;G Rechkemmer","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study gives an overview on the whole mechanism of phytate degradation in the gut and the enzymes involved. Based on the similarity of the human and pigs gut, the study was carried out in pigs as model for humans. To differentiate between intrinsic feed phytases and endogenous phytases hydrolysing phytate in the gut, two diets, one high (control diet) and the other one very low in intrinsic feed phytases (phytase inactivated diet) were applied. In the chyme of stomach, small intestine and colon inositol phosphate isomers and activities of phytases and alkaline phosphatases were determined. In parallel total tract phytate degradation and apparent phosphorus digestibility were assessed. In the stomach chyme of pigs fed the control diet, comparable high phytase activity and strong phytate degradation were observed. The predominant phytate hydrolysis products were inositol phosphates, typically formed by plant phytases. For the phytase inactivated diet, comparable very low phytase activity and almost no phytate degradation in the stomach were determined. In the small intestine and colon, high activity of alkaline phosphatases and low activity of phytases were observed, irrespective of the diet fed. In the colon, stronger phytate degradation for the phytase inactivated diet than for the control diet was detected. Phytate degradation throughout the whole gut was nearly complete and very similar for both diets while the apparent availability of total phosphorus was significantly higher for the pigs fed the control diet than the phytase inactivated diet. The pathway of inositol phosphate hydrolysis in the gut has been elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"55 4","pages":"255-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17450390109386197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22046669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 117
Studies on the tryptophan requirement of piglets. 仔猪色氨酸需要量的研究。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386198
K Eder, S Peganova, H Kluge
Three experiments were conducted to determine the requirement of tryptophan for piglets. In the first two experiments dose‐response relationships between the dietary tryptophan concentration and performance criteria of piglets were examined in order to determine the dietary tryptophan concentration required for maximum performance. In the first experiment dietary tryptophan levels ranged from 1.09 to 2.32 g per kg, in the second experiment they ranged from 1.70 to 2.60 g per kg. In both experiments a close correlation was observed between the dietary tryptophan concentration and piglet performance criteria (feed intake, daily gains, feed efficiency). In the first experiment, regression analysis using a non‐linear model revealed that the optima, defined as 95% of the asymptotic response in the model used, for feed intake and daily gains were achieved at tryptophan levels in excess of the highest concentration of 2.32 g per kg feed. The performance level of the piglets in this experiment was generally very low, however. In the second experiment feed intake, the optimum tryptophan concentration, defined as 95% of the asymptotic response, for daily gains and feed efficiency were achieved within a small range between 2.07 and 2.14 g tryptophan per kg feed, corresponding to 1.84 to 1.91 g precaecal digestible tryptophan per kg feed or 0.153 to 0.159 g tryptophan per MJ ME. These results suggest that the tryptophan concentration for maximum performance of piglets is probably higher than has been implied in numerous studies to date. The third experiment was set up to investigate the effect of the reduced feed intake and the effect of an inadequate tryptophan supply per se on the animals’ growth. Here a two‐factorial experimental design was used also by varying the energy density of the diet (13 vs. 14MJ ME per kg feed). In addition to tryptophan deficient groups (1.5 g tryptophan per kg feed), this experiment contained conventional control groups (2.6 g tryptophan per kg feed, ad libitum feeding) and pair‐fed control groups (2.6 g tryptophan per kg feed, feed intake identical to that of the tryptophan deficient group). The energy density had no significant effect on the animals’ performance and increasing the energy density of the diet did not significantly affect feed and energy intake or daily gains of the tryptophan deficient animals. Feed intake, daily gains and feed efficiency of the fryptophan deficient groups were markedly poorer (by 30, 35 and 10%) than in the ad libitum control groups. When compared with the pair‐fed control groups, on the other hand, the performance of the tryptophan deficient groups in terms of daily gains, feed conversion and energy efficiency was only slightly and not significant lower by 1, 4 and 3%, respectively. These results demonstrate conclusively that the growth depression in tryptophan deficiency is almost entirely due to the marked reduction in feed intake rather than to a direct limitation of protein accretion caus
通过三个试验确定仔猪对色氨酸的需要量。在前两个试验中,研究了饲粮色氨酸浓度与仔猪生产性能指标之间的量效关系,以确定达到最高生产性能所需的饲粮色氨酸浓度。第一个试验中,饲粮色氨酸水平为1.09 ~ 2.32 g / kg,第二个试验中,饲粮色氨酸水平为1.70 ~ 2.60 g / kg。两项试验均观察到饲粮色氨酸浓度与仔猪生产性能指标(采食量、日增重、饲料效率)密切相关。在第一个试验中,使用非线性模型进行回归分析,结果表明,当色氨酸水平超过最高浓度2.32 g / kg饲料时,采食量和日增重的最优值(定义为模型中渐近响应的95%)可以实现。然而,本试验仔猪的生产性能水平普遍很低。在第二次试验采食量中,对于日增重和饲料效率而言,最佳色氨酸浓度为每kg饲料2.07 ~ 2.14 g色氨酸,对应于每kg饲料1.84 ~ 1.91 g盲肠前可消化色氨酸或0.153 ~ 0.159 g色氨酸/ MJ ME。这些结果表明,仔猪最大生产性能所需的色氨酸浓度可能比迄今为止许多研究中所暗示的要高。第三项试验旨在探讨减少采食量和色氨酸本身不足对动物生长的影响。本研究还采用了双因子试验设计,通过改变饲粮的能量密度(13 MJ ME / kg vs 14 MJ ME / kg)。除色氨酸缺乏组(每公斤饲料1.5 g色氨酸)外,本试验还设常规对照组(每公斤饲料2.6 g色氨酸,任意饲喂)和配对对照组(每公斤饲料2.6 g色氨酸,采食量与色氨酸缺乏组相同)。能量密度对动物生产性能无显著影响,提高饲粮能量密度对色氨酸缺乏动物的饲料和能量摄入量及日增重无显著影响。色氨酸缺乏组的采食量、日增重和饲料效率显著低于自由采食量对照组(分别差30%、35%和10%)。与配对饲喂对照组相比,色氨酸缺乏组的日增重、饲料系数和能量利用效率分别下降了1%、4%和3%,但差异不显著。这些结果明确地表明,色氨酸缺乏导致的生长抑制几乎完全是由于采食量的显著减少,而不是由于色氨酸供应不足直接限制了蛋白质的增加。
{"title":"Studies on the tryptophan requirement of piglets.","authors":"K Eder,&nbsp;S Peganova,&nbsp;H Kluge","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386198","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments were conducted to determine the requirement of tryptophan for piglets. In the first two experiments dose‐response relationships between the dietary tryptophan concentration and performance criteria of piglets were examined in order to determine the dietary tryptophan concentration required for maximum performance. In the first experiment dietary tryptophan levels ranged from 1.09 to 2.32 g per kg, in the second experiment they ranged from 1.70 to 2.60 g per kg. In both experiments a close correlation was observed between the dietary tryptophan concentration and piglet performance criteria (feed intake, daily gains, feed efficiency). In the first experiment, regression analysis using a non‐linear model revealed that the optima, defined as 95% of the asymptotic response in the model used, for feed intake and daily gains were achieved at tryptophan levels in excess of the highest concentration of 2.32 g per kg feed. The performance level of the piglets in this experiment was generally very low, however. In the second experiment feed intake, the optimum tryptophan concentration, defined as 95% of the asymptotic response, for daily gains and feed efficiency were achieved within a small range between 2.07 and 2.14 g tryptophan per kg feed, corresponding to 1.84 to 1.91 g precaecal digestible tryptophan per kg feed or 0.153 to 0.159 g tryptophan per MJ ME. These results suggest that the tryptophan concentration for maximum performance of piglets is probably higher than has been implied in numerous studies to date. The third experiment was set up to investigate the effect of the reduced feed intake and the effect of an inadequate tryptophan supply per se on the animals’ growth. Here a two‐factorial experimental design was used also by varying the energy density of the diet (13 vs. 14MJ ME per kg feed). In addition to tryptophan deficient groups (1.5 g tryptophan per kg feed), this experiment contained conventional control groups (2.6 g tryptophan per kg feed, ad libitum feeding) and pair‐fed control groups (2.6 g tryptophan per kg feed, feed intake identical to that of the tryptophan deficient group). The energy density had no significant effect on the animals’ performance and increasing the energy density of the diet did not significantly affect feed and energy intake or daily gains of the tryptophan deficient animals. Feed intake, daily gains and feed efficiency of the fryptophan deficient groups were markedly poorer (by 30, 35 and 10%) than in the ad libitum control groups. When compared with the pair‐fed control groups, on the other hand, the performance of the tryptophan deficient groups in terms of daily gains, feed conversion and energy efficiency was only slightly and not significant lower by 1, 4 and 3%, respectively. These results demonstrate conclusively that the growth depression in tryptophan deficiency is almost entirely due to the marked reduction in feed intake rather than to a direct limitation of protein accretion caus","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"55 4","pages":"281-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17450390109386198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22046670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Excretion kinetics and metabolism of zearalenone in broilers in dependence on a detoxifying agent. 玉米赤霉烯酮在肉仔鸡体内依赖解毒剂的排泄动力学和代谢。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386199
S Dänicke, K H Ueberschär, I Halle, H Valenta, G Flachowsky
Two experiments were carried out with male broilers to examine excretion kinetics of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites and their occurrence in blood plasma and bile fluid after a single oral dose of ZON (approximately 6 μg/kg BW) from naturally contaminated wheat (406 μg ZON per kg). In addition, this ZON bolus was administered either in the absence or presence of a detoxifying agent (Mycofix®‐Plus, Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria). Specimens were sampled after administration of the zearalenone bolus at different times of up to 48 h. Excretion of zearalenone and α‐zearalenol as the only detectable metabolite of ZON peaked at approximately 6.5 h after administration of the bolus. Cumulative excretion of both substances amounted to approximately 58% of ZON intake after 48 h, when a plateau was achieved. The incomplete recovery could have been due to a partial total degradation of ZON in the digestive tract, undetected sulfate conjugates of ZON or its metabolites, to other unknown and undetected metabolites or to incomplete analytical recovery from the matrix, and needs to be examined further. Peak concentrations of zearalenone and a‐zearalenol in bile were detected in the time period of approximately 2 to 6 h after bolus, whereas ZON and metabolite concentrations in blood plasma were around or lower than the detection limits. Mycofix®‐Plus supplementation seemed to have only minor or no effects on the parameters examined.
本试验以雄性肉鸡为试验对象,研究了单次口服天然污染小麦玉米赤霉烯酮(约6微克/公斤体重)(406微克/公斤)后,玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)及其代谢物的排泄动力学及其在血浆和胆汁液中的出现情况。此外,在没有或有解毒剂的情况下给药ZON丸(Mycofix-Plus, Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria)。在服用玉米赤霉烯酮丸后的不同时间取样,最长可达48小时。玉米赤霉烯酮和α -玉米赤霉烯醇是ZON唯一可检测的代谢物,在给药后约6.5小时达到峰值。48小时后,两种物质的累积排泄量约为ZON摄入量的58%,达到平台期。不完全恢复可能是由于ZON在消化道中部分完全降解,未检测到ZON的硫酸盐偶联物或其代谢物,到其他未知和未检测到的代谢物或从基质中不完全分析回收,需要进一步检查。在给药后约2 ~ 6 h,胆汁中玉米赤霉烯酮和α -玉米赤霉烯醇浓度达到峰值,而血浆中ZON及其代谢物浓度接近或低于检测限。补充Mycofix-Plus似乎对所检查的参数只有轻微或没有影响。
{"title":"Excretion kinetics and metabolism of zearalenone in broilers in dependence on a detoxifying agent.","authors":"S Dänicke,&nbsp;K H Ueberschär,&nbsp;I Halle,&nbsp;H Valenta,&nbsp;G Flachowsky","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386199","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were carried out with male broilers to examine excretion kinetics of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites and their occurrence in blood plasma and bile fluid after a single oral dose of ZON (approximately 6 μg/kg BW) from naturally contaminated wheat (406 μg ZON per kg). In addition, this ZON bolus was administered either in the absence or presence of a detoxifying agent (Mycofix®‐Plus, Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria). Specimens were sampled after administration of the zearalenone bolus at different times of up to 48 h. Excretion of zearalenone and α‐zearalenol as the only detectable metabolite of ZON peaked at approximately 6.5 h after administration of the bolus. Cumulative excretion of both substances amounted to approximately 58% of ZON intake after 48 h, when a plateau was achieved. The incomplete recovery could have been due to a partial total degradation of ZON in the digestive tract, undetected sulfate conjugates of ZON or its metabolites, to other unknown and undetected metabolites or to incomplete analytical recovery from the matrix, and needs to be examined further. Peak concentrations of zearalenone and a‐zearalenol in bile were detected in the time period of approximately 2 to 6 h after bolus, whereas ZON and metabolite concentrations in blood plasma were around or lower than the detection limits. Mycofix®‐Plus supplementation seemed to have only minor or no effects on the parameters examined.","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"55 4","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17450390109386199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22046671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
Effects of rapeseed-press cake glucosinolates and iodine on the performance, the thyroid gland and the liver vitamin A status of pigs. 油菜籽压榨饼硫代葡萄糖苷和碘对猪生产性能、甲状腺和肝脏维生素A水平的影响。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386201
F Schöne, F Tischendorf, M Leiterer, H Hartung, J Bargholz

Rapeseed press cake (per kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP and 23.3 mmol glucosinolates) was tested in a long-term experiment with a total of sixty pigs (live weight range 24 to 104 kg). The 3 x 2 factorial design consisted of three rapeseed press cake levels (no rapeseed press cake--control, 75 g or 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet) each with two iodine dosages (125 or 250 micrograms supplementary iodine per kg diet). Reduced feed intake and depressed weight gain were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet, which correspond to 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. At an inclusion level of 75 g rapeseed-press cake per kg diet no differences in feed intake and growth intensity were recorded in comparison to the rape feed free control. The rapeseed-press cake diet increased the weight of thyroid gland and liver and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher iodine dosage increased the serum T4 concentration of pigs receiving 75 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet (= 1.6 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet) to the level of the control group and retarded the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the iodine content of the thyroid gland, however, there was no significant difference between groups given 1.6 and 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. The vitamin A content of the whole liver and the vitamin A serum concentration were not influenced by the diets tested. However, rapeseed press cake and the glucosinolates, respectively, decreased the vitamin A concentration per gram liver due to the organ enlargement and the resulting dilution effect.

采用60头猪(活重24 ~ 104 kg)进行油菜籽压榨饼(每kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP, 23.3 mmol硫代葡萄糖苷)的长期试验。3 × 2因子设计包括三个油菜籽压榨饼水平(无油菜籽压榨饼作为对照,每公斤日粮75 g或150 g油菜籽压榨饼),每个水平有两个碘剂量(每公斤日粮125或250微克补充碘)。每公斤饲粮添加150 g油菜籽压榨饼(相当于每公斤饲粮添加3.2 mmol硫代葡萄糖苷)可降低各组的采食量,抑制增重。在每公斤饲粮中添加75 g油菜籽压榨饼时,采食量和生长强度与不添加油菜籽饲料的对照组无显著差异。油菜籽压榨饼饲粮增加了甲状腺和肝脏的重量,降低了血清甲状腺素(T4)浓度。高碘添加量可使饲粮75 g油菜籽压榨饼(= 1.6 mmol硫代葡萄糖苷/ kg饲粮)仔猪血清T4浓度提高至对照组水平,抑制甲状腺肿大。饲粮中添加油菜籽产品降低了甲状腺碘含量,但添加1.6和3.2 mmol硫代葡萄糖苷组间差异不显著。全肝维生素A含量和血清维生素A浓度不受试验饲料的影响。然而,油菜籽压榨饼和硫代葡萄糖苷分别由于器官增大和由此产生的稀释效应而降低了每克肝脏维生素A的浓度。
{"title":"Effects of rapeseed-press cake glucosinolates and iodine on the performance, the thyroid gland and the liver vitamin A status of pigs.","authors":"F Schöne,&nbsp;F Tischendorf,&nbsp;M Leiterer,&nbsp;H Hartung,&nbsp;J Bargholz","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapeseed press cake (per kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP and 23.3 mmol glucosinolates) was tested in a long-term experiment with a total of sixty pigs (live weight range 24 to 104 kg). The 3 x 2 factorial design consisted of three rapeseed press cake levels (no rapeseed press cake--control, 75 g or 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet) each with two iodine dosages (125 or 250 micrograms supplementary iodine per kg diet). Reduced feed intake and depressed weight gain were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet, which correspond to 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. At an inclusion level of 75 g rapeseed-press cake per kg diet no differences in feed intake and growth intensity were recorded in comparison to the rape feed free control. The rapeseed-press cake diet increased the weight of thyroid gland and liver and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher iodine dosage increased the serum T4 concentration of pigs receiving 75 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet (= 1.6 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet) to the level of the control group and retarded the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the iodine content of the thyroid gland, however, there was no significant difference between groups given 1.6 and 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. The vitamin A content of the whole liver and the vitamin A serum concentration were not influenced by the diets tested. However, rapeseed press cake and the glucosinolates, respectively, decreased the vitamin A concentration per gram liver due to the organ enlargement and the resulting dilution effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"55 4","pages":"333-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17450390109386201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22046673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Research note: effect of increasing dietary concentrate levels on microbial biotin metabolism in the artificial rumen simulation system (RUSITEC). 研究报告:提高饲粮精料水平对人工瘤胃模拟系统(RUSITEC)微生物素代谢的影响。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386203
H Abel, I Immig, C da C Gomez, W Steinberg

The effect of varying hay/barley-proportions in the feed ration on biotin metabolism of rumen microbes was studied by means of the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC. The stepwise replacement of hay by barley decreased dietary biotin and the net output of biotin by the microbial metabolism. It is concluded that rumen microbes utilise more and/or synthesize less biotin with increasing proportions of dietary barley. These results indicate that a critical reconsideration of current views with regard to the supply and requirement of the high yielding dairy cow for biotin is necessary.

采用RUSITEC瘤胃模拟技术,研究了饲料日粮中不同干草/大麦比例对瘤胃微生物生物素代谢的影响。用大麦逐步替代干草降低了饲粮生物素和微生物代谢产生的生物素净排泄量。综上所述,随着饲粮大麦添加比例的增加,瘤胃微生物对生物素的利用增加或合成减少。这些结果表明,对高产奶牛对生物素的供给和需求进行批判性的重新考虑是必要的。
{"title":"Research note: effect of increasing dietary concentrate levels on microbial biotin metabolism in the artificial rumen simulation system (RUSITEC).","authors":"H Abel,&nbsp;I Immig,&nbsp;C da C Gomez,&nbsp;W Steinberg","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of varying hay/barley-proportions in the feed ration on biotin metabolism of rumen microbes was studied by means of the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC. The stepwise replacement of hay by barley decreased dietary biotin and the net output of biotin by the microbial metabolism. It is concluded that rumen microbes utilise more and/or synthesize less biotin with increasing proportions of dietary barley. These results indicate that a critical reconsideration of current views with regard to the supply and requirement of the high yielding dairy cow for biotin is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":8160,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Tierernahrung","volume":"55 4","pages":"371-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17450390109386203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22046675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
期刊
Archiv fur Tierernahrung
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1