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Quantification and Correlation of Oral Candida with Caries Index Among Different Age Groups of School Children: A Case-Control Study. 不同年龄组学龄儿童口腔念珠菌与龋病指数的定量及相关性研究
Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.181843
B V Naidu, B A Reginald

Background: Dental caries is the most common infectious disease affecting humans and is the predominant cause of tooth loss in children. Although Candida's role in dental caries has been studied extensively, limited homogenous studies have been conducted and none have been found, that associate Candida with dental caries, while correlating it to different age groups.

Aim: The study aimed to quantify oral Candida in school children and correlate candidal carriage to the caries index and further analyze an age association.

Subjects and methods: Decayed-Filled teeth/Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (dft/DMFT) index scores of 150 subjects were evaluated, and concentrated oral rinse samples were collected from each participant for mycologic investigation. Based on the age and caries activity, the participants were categorized into three groups consisting of 50 each such as Group-I (caries active participants of 6-12 years age), Group-II (caries active participants in 13-18 years age), and Group-III (caries-free participants in 6-18 years age); CHROMagar™ was used as a primary culture medium for candidal growth. The data was statistically analyzed using Unpaired t-test, Chi-square test and Spearman's rank order.

Results: The results demonstrated that as age increases, the dft/DMFT scores as well as the candidal growth decreased. In addition, the oral candidal carriage levels were found to be low in caries-free group (Group-III) when compared to the study groups.

Conclusion: The presence of Candida was directly related to the caries status and inversely proportional to the age.

背景:龋齿是人类最常见的感染性疾病,也是儿童牙齿脱落的主要原因。虽然念珠菌在龋齿中的作用已被广泛研究,但有限的同质性研究已经进行,并且没有发现念珠菌与龋齿有关,同时将其与不同年龄组相关联。目的:量化学龄儿童口腔念珠菌数量,分析念珠菌携带与龋病指数的相关性,并进一步分析其与年龄的关系。对象和方法:对150名受试者进行龋缺补牙(dft/DMFT)指数评分评估,并收集每位受试者的浓缩口腔冲洗液样本进行真菌学调查。根据参与者的年龄和龋齿活动情况,将参与者分为3组,每组50人,分别为1组(6-12岁龋齿活跃参与者)、2组(13-18岁龋齿活跃参与者)和3组(6-18岁无龋齿参与者);CHROMagar™作为念珠菌生长的原代培养基。采用非配对t检验、卡方检验和Spearman秩序对数据进行统计学分析。结果:随着年龄的增长,dft/DMFT评分和候选体生长均呈下降趋势。此外,与研究组相比,发现无龋组(iii组)的口腔念珠菌携带水平较低。结论:念珠菌的存在与龋病状况直接相关,与年龄成反比。
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引用次数: 11
Epithelial Inclusion Cyst in a Cervical Lymph Node: Report of a Rare Entity at an Uncommon Location. 颈部淋巴结上皮包涵囊肿:罕见部位的罕见病例报告。
Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.181844
S Bahadur, M Pujani, S Jetley
Dear sir, Benign inclusions in lymph nodes are foci of nonneoplastic ectopic tissue, which may be of various types. The most worrisome feature of these benign inclusions in lymph node is that they may be mistakenly interpreted as tumor metastasis.[1,2] Therefore, the awareness of such an entity is all the more important in preventing overdiagnosis of a malignant lesion. We hereby present a case, clinically suspected to be tuberculosis, which surprisingly turned out to be a benign epithelial inclusion cyst within a submandibular lymph node.
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引用次数: 2
Nutritional Practices and Taboos Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at General Hospital in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. 在尼日利亚西北部卡诺综合医院接受产前护理的孕妇的营养做法和禁忌。
Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.181846
E A Ugwa

Background: Food taboos among rural women have been identified as one of the factors contributing to maternal undernutrition in pregnancy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore some of the taboos and nutritional practices among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a General Hospital in Dawakin Kudu LGA, Kano, Nigeria.

Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 220 pregnant women. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to interview the respondents, which showed various sociodemographic information, cultural nutritional processes, taboos of the community, and a 24 h food recall. The ages, parities, and gestational ages of the women were collated. Descriptive statistics was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software Version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Association between sociodemographic factors and nutritional practices and taboos was determined using Chi-square test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: At the end of the study, 200 participants (91%) gave complete information. Most of the women, 70% (140/200) were in the 20-39 years age range with mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 23.7 (6.1) years, mostly uneducated, 70% (140/200), and unemployed, 51% (102/200). Most of the women did a child spacing of 12-24 months, 62% (124/200) with mean (SD) child spacing interval of 26.32 (10.19) months. Gestational age at booking was mostly 13-26 weeks, 48% (96/200) with an average of 26.60 (8.01). Most of the women had 1-4 children, 54.5% (109/200) with mean (SD) of 2.47 (2.50). Most of the women agreed that they had adequate intake of oil, 86% (172/200), meat/fish, 92% (194/200), fruit/vegetables 56% (112/200), and had 3 meals/day 80% (152/200), and did not practice pica 83% (166/200). All of the women, 100% (200/200) believe that women should eat more during pregnancy in order to have healthy babies. They were mostly supported by their husbands, 53% (106/200) and less likely by the community, 34% (17/200). The nutritional practices and taboos of the women showed a statistically significant association with age, parity, and support received from husband and community (P < 0.05). Educational status is not associated with their nutritional practices and taboos.

Conclusion: Although sociocultural indices of the respondents were poor, their intake of good nutrition and abstinence from nutrition taboos were satisfactory. Further studies are intended to objectively study the nutritional practices/taboos in pregnancy.

背景:农村妇女的食物禁忌已被确定为导致孕产妇妊娠期营养不良的因素之一。目的:本研究的目的是探讨在尼日利亚卡诺达瓦金库杜LGA一家综合医院接受产前护理的孕妇的一些禁忌和营养做法。对象和方法:这是一项涉及220名孕妇的横断面研究。采用访谈者管理的结构化问卷对受访者进行访谈,问卷显示了各种社会人口学信息、文化营养过程、社区禁忌和24小时食品召回。对这些妇女的年龄、胎次和胎龄进行了核对。采用描述性统计。数据采用SPSS 17.0版统计软件(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)进行分析。社会人口学因素与营养习惯和禁忌的相关性采用卡方检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:在研究结束时,200名参与者(91%)提供了完整的信息。大多数女性,70%(140/200)年龄在20-39岁之间,平均(标准差[SD])年龄为23.7(6.1)岁,大部分未受教育,70%(140/200),无业,51%(102/200)。大多数妇女生育间隔为12 ~ 24个月,占62%(124/200),平均(SD)生育间隔为26.32(10.19)个月。预订时胎龄以13-26周居多,占48%(96/200),平均26.60周(8.01)。大多数妇女有1-4个孩子,54.5%(109/200),平均(SD)为2.47(2.50)。大多数女性认为她们有足够的油摄入量,86%(172/200),肉/鱼,92%(194/200),水果/蔬菜56%(112/200),每天三餐80%(152/200),没有异食癖83%(166/200)。所有的妇女,100%(200/200)认为妇女在怀孕期间应该多吃,以便有健康的婴儿。她们大多由丈夫支持,占53%(106/200),较少由社区支持,占34%(17/200)。妇女的营养习惯和禁忌与年龄、胎次、丈夫和社区支持有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。教育程度与他们的营养习惯和禁忌无关。结论:调查对象的社会文化指标虽然较差,但良好的营养摄入和对营养禁忌的戒断是令人满意的。进一步的研究旨在客观地研究怀孕期间的营养习惯/禁忌。
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引用次数: 38
Body Mass Index in Pregnancy Does Not Affect Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Promoter Region (-359 to -260) Methylation in the Neonate. 妊娠期体重指数不影响新生儿过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体γ启动子区(-359至-260)甲基化。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180272
Vre Casamadrid, C A Amaya, Z H Mendieta

Background: Obesity in pregnancy can contribute to epigenetic changes.

Aim: To assess whether body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy is associated with changes in the methylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR) promoter region (-359 to - 260) in maternal and neonatal leukocytes.

Subjects and methods: In this matched, cohort study 41 pregnant women were allocated into two groups: (a) Normal weight (n = 21) and (b) overweight (n = 20). DNA was extracted from maternal and neonatal leukocytes (4000-10,000 cells) in MagNA Pure (Roche) using MagNA Pure LC DNA Isolation Kit 1 (Roche, Germany). Treatment of DNA (2 μg) was performed with sodium bisulfite (EZ DNA Methylation-Direct™ Kit; Zymo Research). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed in a LightCycler 2.0 (Roche) using the SYBR(®) Advantage(®) qPCR Premix Kit (Clontech). The primers used for PPARγ coactivator (PPARG) M3 were 5'- aagacggtttggtcgatc-3' (forward), and5'- cgaaaaaaaatccgaaatttaa-3' (reverse) and those for PPARG unmethylated were: 5'-gggaagatggtttggttgatt-3' (forward) and 5'- ttccaaaaaaaaatccaaaatttaa-3' (reverse). Intergroup differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and intragroup differences, with the Wilcoxon test (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.).

Results: Significant differences were found in BMI, pregestational weight, and postdelivery weight between groups but not in the methylation status of the PPARγ promoter region (-359 to - 260).

Conclusion: The PPARγ promoter region (-359 to - 260) in peripheral leukocytes is unlikely to get an obesity-induced methylation in pregnancy.

背景:妊娠期肥胖可导致表观遗传改变。目的:评估孕期体重指数(BMI)是否与母体和新生儿白细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (PPAR)启动子区(-359至- 260)甲基化变化相关。对象和方法:在这项匹配的队列研究中,41名孕妇被分为两组:(a)体重正常(n = 21)和(b)超重(n = 20)。使用MagNA Pure LC DNA分离试剂盒1(德国罗氏公司)从母体和新生儿白细胞(4000- 10000个细胞)中提取DNA。用亚硫酸氢钠(EZ DNA methyl- direct™Kit)处理DNA (2 μg);Zymo研究)。采用SYBR(®)Advantage(®)qPCR预混试剂盒(Clontech),在LightCycler 2.0 (Roche)中进行实时定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)。PPARG γ共激活剂(PPARG) M3的引物为5′- aagacggtttggtcgatc-3′(正向)和5′- cgaaaaaatccgaaattaa -3′(反向),未甲基化的PPARG的引物为5′- gggaagatggtttttggttgatt -3′(正向)和5′- ttccaaaaaaaaatccaaaattaa -3′(反向)。组间差异采用Mann-Whitney u检验,组内差异采用Wilcoxon检验(IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0)。纽约州阿蒙克市:IBM Corp.)。结果:两组之间的BMI、孕前体重和产后体重均有显著差异,但PPARγ启动子区域的甲基化状态无显著差异(-359至- 260)。结论:妊娠期外周白细胞PPARγ启动子区(-359 ~ - 260)不太可能发生肥胖诱导的甲基化。
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引用次数: 2
Knowledge of Maternal and Newborn Care Among Primary Level Health Workers in Kapilvastu District of Nepal. 尼泊尔Kapilvastu地区初级卫生工作者的孕产妇和新生儿护理知识。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180266
D Acharya, R Paudel, K Gautam, S Gautam, T Upadhyaya

Background: Higher maternal and neonatal deaths are common in low- and middle-income countries; due to less access to skilled help. Adequate knowledge and skills on maternal and newborn care (MNC) of community health workers can improve maternal and newborn health.

Aims: To identify the knowledge of primary level health workers on some components of MNC.

Subjects and methods: Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. For collecting the data, enumerators visited health institutions for 2 months from 1(st) October to 31(st) November 2012, and structured interview schedule was used to gather the information. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of one hundred and thirty-seven primary level health workers in Kapilvastu district, Nepal. The Chi-square test was employed to examine the association between the knowledge of health workers on MNC and designation and work experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.

Results: In a total of 137 primary level health workers, more than half 53.2% (73/137) were senior auxiliary health workers/health assistant. Health workers having correct knowledge on contents of MNC were-registration 32.1% (44/137), major components of antenatal care 57.7% (79/137), danger signs of pregnancy 39.4% (54/137), five cleans 59.1% (81/137), postnatal health problems 54.0% (74/137), majority to health action to newborn care, newborn bath and meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. There was a statistical association between designation of health workers and above-mentioned components of MNC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The differentials in the knowledge of MNC among primary level health suggest improving knowledge of the grass root level health workers with appropriate training and development programs.

背景:较高的孕产妇和新生儿死亡率在低收入和中等收入国家很常见;因为很少有机会获得熟练的帮助。社区卫生工作者在孕产妇和新生儿护理方面具备足够的知识和技能,可以改善孕产妇和新生儿健康。目的:确定初级卫生工作者对跨国公司某些组成部分的知识。调查对象和方法:采用简单随机抽样法。为了收集数据,普查员于2012年10月1日至11月31日对卫生机构进行了为期2个月的访问,并采用结构化访谈计划收集信息。对尼泊尔Kapilvastu地区的137名初级卫生工作者进行了一项横断面研究。采用卡方检验检验卫生工作者的跨国公司知识与职称和工作经验之间的关系。数据分析采用SPSS version 17。结果:137名基层卫生工作者中,高级辅助卫生工作者/卫生助理占53.2%(73/137)。对MNC内容有正确认识的卫生工作者分别为:登记32.1%(44/137)、产前保健主要组成部分57.7%(79/137)、妊娠危险迹象39.4%(54/137)、五次清洁59.1%(81/137)、产后保健问题54.0%(74/137)、新生儿保健保健行动、新生儿沐浴和纯母乳喂养的意义。卫生工作者的指定与上述成分的MNC有统计学相关性(P < 0.05)。结论:基层卫生工作者在跨国公司知识方面存在差异,建议通过适当的培训和发展计划提高基层卫生工作者的知识水平。
{"title":"Knowledge of Maternal and Newborn Care Among Primary Level Health Workers in Kapilvastu District of Nepal.","authors":"D Acharya,&nbsp;R Paudel,&nbsp;K Gautam,&nbsp;S Gautam,&nbsp;T Upadhyaya","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher maternal and neonatal deaths are common in low- and middle-income countries; due to less access to skilled help. Adequate knowledge and skills on maternal and newborn care (MNC) of community health workers can improve maternal and newborn health.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify the knowledge of primary level health workers on some components of MNC.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. For collecting the data, enumerators visited health institutions for 2 months from 1(st) October to 31(st) November 2012, and structured interview schedule was used to gather the information. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of one hundred and thirty-seven primary level health workers in Kapilvastu district, Nepal. The Chi-square test was employed to examine the association between the knowledge of health workers on MNC and designation and work experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a total of 137 primary level health workers, more than half 53.2% (73/137) were senior auxiliary health workers/health assistant. Health workers having correct knowledge on contents of MNC were-registration 32.1% (44/137), major components of antenatal care 57.7% (79/137), danger signs of pregnancy 39.4% (54/137), five cleans 59.1% (81/137), postnatal health problems 54.0% (74/137), majority to health action to newborn care, newborn bath and meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. There was a statistical association between designation of health workers and above-mentioned components of MNC (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The differentials in the knowledge of MNC among primary level health suggest improving knowledge of the grass root level health workers with appropriate training and development programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/69/AMHSR-6-27.PMC4849112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34453928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Exploring Rare Diseases in South Africa, a Personal Journey: Time for Electronic Record-keeping. 探索南非的罕见疾病,一段个人旅程:电子记录的时代。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180216
I L Ross
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Between Preeclamptic and Normotensive Pregnant Nigerian Women in Abakaliki, Nigeria. 尼日利亚Abakaliki地区子痫前期和正常血压孕妇血清钙和镁的比较
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180269
E I Ugwuja, A C Famurewa, C I Ikaraoha

Background: Evidence suggests the involvement of calcium and magnesium metabolism in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. However, findings from studies are heterogenous and inconsistent.

Aim: The study aimed to compare the total serum calcium and magnesium levels in preeclamptic women with that of normotensive pregnant women.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional subjects of eighty pregnant women living in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, South-East Nigeria, were recruited into the study. The present study compared serum calcium and magnesium in forty preeclamptic (cases) and forty normotensive (control) pregnant women matched for age, parity, and socioeconomic status. Serum calcium and magnesium levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 statistical software. Differences between means were compared using Student's t-test with P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.

Results: While the mean serum calcium was comparable between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women (13.99 [3.29] vs. 14.02 [5.68] μg/dl), the preeclamptic pregnant women have significantly (P < 0.001) lower serum magnesium in comparison to their normotensive counterparts (3.22 [1.05] vs. 4.15 [0.78]).

Conclusion: It may be concluded that serum magnesium seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in this environment.

背景:有证据表明钙镁代谢参与子痫前期的病理生理。然而,研究结果是不同的和不一致的。目的:本研究旨在比较子痫前期妇女与血压正常孕妇的总血清钙和镁水平。研究对象和方法:在尼日利亚东南部Ebonyi州Abakaliki, 80名孕妇被招募到研究中。本研究比较了40例先兆子痫(病例)和40例符合年龄、胎次和社会经济地位的血压正常(对照)孕妇的血清钙和镁。用原子吸收分光光度计测定血清钙、镁水平。采用SPSS Version 20统计软件进行统计分析。均数间的差异采用Student's t检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:虽然子痫前期孕妇和血压正常孕妇的平均血清钙水平相当(13.99[3.29]比14.02 [5.68]μg/dl),但子痫前期孕妇的血清镁水平明显低于血压正常孕妇(3.22[1.05]比4.15[0.78])。结论:在这种环境下,血清镁可能在子痫前期的病理生理中起重要作用。
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引用次数: 33
Need for Oral Health Policy in India. 印度口腔卫生政策的必要性。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180274
R S Gambhir, T Gupta

Dental diseases are a significant public health menace having a substantial impact on the quality of life which in turn affects the daily performance and general life satisfaction. There is a vast difference in health status including the oral health between urban and rural population of India and in other developing countries. The existing situation demands the formulation and implementation of National Oral Health Policy in India in order to expand the oral health care to make it more affordable, and reachable. An extensive literature search was conducted using various search engines in order to include relevant information in the review. Number of keywords and their combinations were used in order to extract appropriate data. Finally 24 out of 35 articles were selected upon detailed reading. The present paper focusses on some of the important subjects that can be considered while formulation of a National Oral Health Policy for the benefits of both the dental profession and community as a whole. There is a need of dental health planners and policy makers that have relevant qualifications and training in public health dentistry to understand the unique needs and resources for the development of an effective oral health policy. Professional dental organizations can also support government programs to provide basic oral health needs of extensive underserved population of this country.

牙科疾病是一种严重的公共卫生威胁,对生活质量产生重大影响,进而影响日常表现和总体生活满意度。印度和其他发展中国家的城乡人口在包括口腔健康在内的健康状况方面存在巨大差异。目前的情况要求印度制定和实施国家口腔健康政策,以扩大口腔保健,使其更负担得起,更容易获得。使用各种搜索引擎进行了广泛的文献检索,以便在综述中包含相关信息。为了提取合适的数据,使用了关键字的数量及其组合。经过详细的阅读,最终从35篇文章中选出24篇。本论文的重点是在制定国家口腔健康政策时可以考虑的一些重要主题,以使牙科专业和整个社区受益。需要有公共卫生牙科相关资格和培训的牙科健康规划师和政策制定者了解制定有效口腔健康政策的独特需求和资源。专业牙科组织也可以支持政府项目,为这个国家大量服务不足的人口提供基本的口腔健康需求。
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引用次数: 37
Measurement Error in Anthropometric Studies and its Significance in Forensic Casework. 人体测量学中的测量误差及其在法医案件中的意义。
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180277
Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan
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引用次数: 7
Disparities in the Magnitude of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-related Opportunistic Infections Between High and Low/Middle-income Countries: Is Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Changing the Trend? 高、低收入/中等收入国家之间人类免疫缺陷病毒相关机会性感染程度的差异:高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗是否改变了这一趋势?
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.180234
M O Iroezindu

Opportunistic infections (OIs) cause significant morbidity/mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals globally. Disparities between high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) in the magnitude of HIV-related OIs in pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) populations was reviewed, and HAART-induced decline in OIs was further compared between the two settings. Studies published in English from onset of HIV epidemic up to December 2013 were searched in PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and African Journal online. An article was included if (a) the study was conducted in HIC or LMIC, (b) the age of the participants was ≥12 years, (c) the HAART status of the participants was stated, and (d) various types of OIs were investigated. In predominantly pre-HAART populations, the incidence and prevalence of overall HIV-related OIs in HIC ranged from 5.5 to 50.0 per 100 person-years (PY) and 27.4-56.7%, respectively. In LMIC, the respective overall incidence and prevalence of OIs were 12.2-93.9 per 100 PY and 32.0-77.7%. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, candidiasis, Cytomegalovirus disease, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, and Kaposi's sarcoma were the most frequent OIs in HICs while tuberculosis, candidiasis, chronic diarrhea, and cryptococcosis were predominant in LMICs. The introduction of HAART led to substantial reduction in the incidence of OIs with more impressive percentage decline in HICs (43-97%) compared to 30-79% in LMICs. Disparities in the magnitude of HIV-related OIs between HICs and LMICs are evident both in the pre-HAART and post-HAART era. Efforts to optimize HAART-induced decline in HIV-related OIs should become a global health priority irrespective of prevailing socioeconomic circumstances.

机会性感染(oi)在全球人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中引起显著的发病率/死亡率。研究回顾了高收入国家(HICs)和低收入/中等收入国家(LMICs)在高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)前人群中hiv相关oi的差异,并进一步比较了两种情况下HAART诱导的oi下降。在PubMed、Google、Google Scholar和African Journal online中检索了从HIV流行开始到2013年12月用英文发表的研究。如果(a)研究在HIC或LMIC进行,(b)参与者年龄≥12岁,(c)参与者的HAART状态被陈述,以及(d)调查了各种类型的oi,则纳入一篇文章。在haart前人群中,HIC中hiv相关oi的发病率和流行率分别为5.5 - 50.0 / 100人年(PY)和27.4-56.7%。在低收入和中等收入国家,OIs的总发病率和患病率分别为每100 PY 12.2-93.9和32.0-77.7%。乙型肺囊虫肺炎、念珠菌病、巨细胞病毒病、鸟分枝杆菌复合体病和卡波西肉瘤是高收入国家中最常见的室外病,而肺结核、念珠菌病、慢性腹泻和隐球菌病在低收入国家中占主要地位。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法的引入导致oi发病率大幅下降,高收入国家的百分比下降幅度更大(43-97%),而中低收入国家的百分比下降幅度为30-79%。在haart治疗前和haart治疗后,高收入国家和低收入国家之间艾滋病毒相关oi的差异都很明显。无论当前的社会经济环境如何,优化由haart疗法引起的艾滋病毒相关oi下降的努力应成为全球卫生的优先事项。
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引用次数: 26
期刊
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
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