Arthropod pests continue to occur throughout the year by inter-plant movement and dispersal between cultivated host plants that are applied with pesticides and wild host plants that serve as refuges in the area of cultivation. This paper reviews the relationship between the host range and status of pesticide resistance in agricultural arthropod pests in Japan. The decisive factors for determining the development of pesticide resistance were concluded with attention paid to wild host plants as refuges. The arthropod pests that developed pesticide resistance were as follows: (1) monophagous species infesting cultivated crops treated with pesticides, (2) polyphagous species with a host range restricted to cultivated plants lacking wild host plants, and (3) certain populations of polyphagous species develop resistance in habitats such as tea fields and greenhouses with year-round cultivation because they are relatively isolated from the surrounding populations that do not develop resistance due to the abundance of refuges. In all cases, pest populations inhabit environments where they are restricted to mate with the susceptible populations from refuges of wild host plants.
{"title":"A Review of Ecological Factors Associated with Wild Host Plants as Refuges for Suppressing Pesticide Resistance in Agricultural Arthropod Pests","authors":"M. Morishita","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.1","url":null,"abstract":"Arthropod pests continue to occur throughout the year by inter-plant movement and dispersal between cultivated host plants that are applied with pesticides and wild host plants that serve as refuges in the area of cultivation. This paper reviews the relationship between the host range and status of pesticide resistance in agricultural arthropod pests in Japan. The decisive factors for determining the development of pesticide resistance were concluded with attention paid to wild host plants as refuges. The arthropod pests that developed pesticide resistance were as follows: (1) monophagous species infesting cultivated crops treated with pesticides, (2) polyphagous species with a host range restricted to cultivated plants lacking wild host plants, and (3) certain populations of polyphagous species develop resistance in habitats such as tea fields and greenhouses with year-round cultivation because they are relatively isolated from the surrounding populations that do not develop resistance due to the abundance of refuges. In all cases, pest populations inhabit environments where they are restricted to mate with the susceptible populations from refuges of wild host plants.","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of tomato bacterial wilt using resistant rootstocks with soil disinfection treatments","authors":"Taku Kawakami, K. Nakajima, S. Yoshida","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"90 1","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84311638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hideki Watanabe, Kazuki Kojima, Shigeki Kudomi, T. Shimazu
In recent years, data loggers and sensors that continuously measure temperature and relative humidity have been widely used in protected horticulture. This study evaluates a method for estimating the infection risk of greenhouse tomatoes by Botrytis cinerea using temperature and relative humidity. In June 2018, the temperature and relative humidity in the tomato cultivation greenhouse were recorded at 10-min intervals. The petals attached to young fruit were inoculated with conidia of B. cinerea at intervals of 2 to 3 days, and the occurrence of gray mold in inoculated petals was observed over time. The cumulative time of effective infection over the previous 2 days was calculated based on temperature, relative humidity, and adjustment factors by mycelial growth temperature. As a result, the disease incidence was in good agreement with the increase/decrease in the cumulative time of effective infection. Therefore, an index was designed to evaluate the risk of infection on a three-point scale (safety, caution, and dangerous) based on the cumulative time of effective infection. Upon investigating the relationship between the disease and cumulative time of effective infection in the winter–spring tomato cultivation greenhouse, the first occurrence was confirmed three days after the third dangerous judgment. Therefore, it is suggested that this method can predict the risk of infection by B. cinerea at an early stage.
{"title":"Estimation of greenhouse tomato infection risk by Botrytis cinerea based on temperature and relative humidity","authors":"Hideki Watanabe, Kazuki Kojima, Shigeki Kudomi, T. Shimazu","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.59","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, data loggers and sensors that continuously measure temperature and relative humidity have been widely used in protected horticulture. This study evaluates a method for estimating the infection risk of greenhouse tomatoes by Botrytis cinerea using temperature and relative humidity. In June 2018, the temperature and relative humidity in the tomato cultivation greenhouse were recorded at 10-min intervals. The petals attached to young fruit were inoculated with conidia of B. cinerea at intervals of 2 to 3 days, and the occurrence of gray mold in inoculated petals was observed over time. The cumulative time of effective infection over the previous 2 days was calculated based on temperature, relative humidity, and adjustment factors by mycelial growth temperature. As a result, the disease incidence was in good agreement with the increase/decrease in the cumulative time of effective infection. Therefore, an index was designed to evaluate the risk of infection on a three-point scale (safety, caution, and dangerous) based on the cumulative time of effective infection. Upon investigating the relationship between the disease and cumulative time of effective infection in the winter–spring tomato cultivation greenhouse, the first occurrence was confirmed three days after the third dangerous judgment. Therefore, it is suggested that this method can predict the risk of infection by B. cinerea at an early stage.","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"77 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88186669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the influences of cultivation of several crops on sclerotia of the allium white rot pathogen, Sclerotium cepivorum Berkeley. The survival rate of sclerotia that were buried in the root systems of soybean, bell pepper, or corn (maize) was significantly less than that of sclerotia in soil that was left fallow. Although soils in which bell pepper, sweet potato, and corn had been grown attenuated the progress of white rot disease, the filter-sterilized exudate of these soils did not affect hyphal growth or the virulence of sclerotia. These results indicate the existence of unknown factors that attenuate white rot disease through crop rotations other than soil physiochemical properties. The combination of prior corn cultivation followed by pre-planting irrigation with fungicide for Welsh onion seedlings gave a significantly higher disease protection rate than either practice alone. These results support the promotion of crop rotation for labor-saving crop protection against white rot disease.
{"title":"Crops that decrease the survival rate of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum Berkeley in their root systems and attenuate the progress of white rot disease","authors":"H. Iyozumi, N. Okamoto, F. Takahashi, A. Terada","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.39","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the influences of cultivation of several crops on sclerotia of the allium white rot pathogen, Sclerotium cepivorum Berkeley. The survival rate of sclerotia that were buried in the root systems of soybean, bell pepper, or corn (maize) was significantly less than that of sclerotia in soil that was left fallow. Although soils in which bell pepper, sweet potato, and corn had been grown attenuated the progress of white rot disease, the filter-sterilized exudate of these soils did not affect hyphal growth or the virulence of sclerotia. These results indicate the existence of unknown factors that attenuate white rot disease through crop rotations other than soil physiochemical properties. The combination of prior corn cultivation followed by pre-planting irrigation with fungicide for Welsh onion seedlings gave a significantly higher disease protection rate than either practice alone. These results support the promotion of crop rotation for labor-saving crop protection against white rot disease.","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"35 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90849369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Masui, Hiroyuki Murata, Yuta Tsuchida, Mitsuhiro Kato, Izumi Kobayashi, Toshikazu Inomata
{"title":"Effects of flight pattern and spray particle size on the adhesion of droplets in citrus canopy sprayed by multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle","authors":"S. Masui, Hiroyuki Murata, Yuta Tsuchida, Mitsuhiro Kato, Izumi Kobayashi, Toshikazu Inomata","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79296038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Species composition of two Atractomorpha grasshoppers on agricultural crops and toxicity of insecticides against the exotic grasshopper, Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis Bolívar (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae), in Osaka Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Kanako Shirotsuka, S. Kaneko","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"159-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73948080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nakajima, Taku Kawakami, Hirofumi Suzuki, K. Kuroda
From October 2016 to March 2019, 83 tomato leaf mold fungal strains (Passalora fulva) were isolated from 15 greenhouses in Mie prefecture, Japan. Their susceptibility to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides was investigated. The occurrence of boscalidand penthiopyrad-resistant strains was confirmed, and all penthiopyrad-resistant strains had acquired cross-resistance with boscalid. We also confirmed that several fungal strains had developed resistance to the SDHI fungicidal agents isopyrazam and pyraziflumid, neither of which had been used in the field from which the leaf mold fungus was isolated. Consequently, it was suggested that cross-resistance might have developed due to previous boscalid and penthiopyrad treatment. The frequency of boscalidand penthiopyrad-resistant strains increased significantly as the frequency of SDHI fungicide spraying increased. Significant differences were also observed between the fungicides in terms of changes in resistance rate; boscalid treatment resulted in more resistance than penthiopyrad treatment.
{"title":"Tomato leaf mold fungus ( Passalora fulva ) sensitivity to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide in Mie Prefecture, Japan","authors":"K. Nakajima, Taku Kawakami, Hirofumi Suzuki, K. Kuroda","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.67","url":null,"abstract":"From October 2016 to March 2019, 83 tomato leaf mold fungal strains (Passalora fulva) were isolated from 15 greenhouses in Mie prefecture, Japan. Their susceptibility to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides was investigated. The occurrence of boscalidand penthiopyrad-resistant strains was confirmed, and all penthiopyrad-resistant strains had acquired cross-resistance with boscalid. We also confirmed that several fungal strains had developed resistance to the SDHI fungicidal agents isopyrazam and pyraziflumid, neither of which had been used in the field from which the leaf mold fungus was isolated. Consequently, it was suggested that cross-resistance might have developed due to previous boscalid and penthiopyrad treatment. The frequency of boscalidand penthiopyrad-resistant strains increased significantly as the frequency of SDHI fungicide spraying increased. Significant differences were also observed between the fungicides in terms of changes in resistance rate; boscalid treatment resulted in more resistance than penthiopyrad treatment.","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toxicities of Insecticides to Striped Flea Beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius)","authors":"T. Imura","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved methods for monitoring Botrytis cinerea sensitivity to fludioxonil and its prevalent sensitivity status in Gifu Prefecture, Japan","authors":"K. Kojima, Hideki Watanabe","doi":"10.4165/KAPPS.63.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4165/KAPPS.63.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8212,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report of the Kansai Plant Protection Society","volume":"118 1","pages":"109-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76501800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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