Archives de biologie最新文献

1. The structural changes accompanying the early genesis of the mouse hindlimb bud have been studied in serial Epon thick sections at five successive somitic stages collected during the 10th developmental day. 2. As soon as the 14-somite stage, increased proliferative activities occurring in a limited area of the embryonic somatopleure close to the caudal end of the coelomic cavity point out the onset of limb morphogenesis. From its very beginning on, up to its ceasing at the 27-somite stage, the somatopleural proliferation is more active in the caudal part of the prospective limb territory and in the whole area, it appears stronger ventrally than dorsally. 3. Discrete structural changes occur during this period in the mesoderm interposed between the hindlimb bud territory and the overlying unsegmented sheet of somitic mesoderm, in relation with the genesis of the mesonephritic constituents and of the posterior cardinal vein. A detailed analysis of this area in serial sections reveals that the unsegmented somitic mesoderm does not provide any cell to the limb bud mesoderm. 4. As soon as the somitic mesoderm becomes organized into segmented somites, obvious histological changes located on the lateral aspect of the ventro-lateral somitic edge reveal that numerous undifferentiated somitic cells invade the proximal area of the limb bud mesoderm. Starting at the 27-somite stage in the first two metameres adjacent to the precordonal portion of the limb bud, this processus extends to the five somites of the limb territory at the 33-somite stage. In each metamere, the area of cell migration takes place near the caudal border of the somite and, from one somite to the other, the number of migrating cells increases in a cephalo-caudal direction. No sign of a similar cell migration was observed in the somites located cranially or caudally to the hindlimb bud. 5. The results are discussed in relation with the various experimental and descriptive evidences obtained in non-mammalian Vertebrates about the contribution of the somites to limb morphogenesis and about the factors involved in the onset of cell proliferation in the prospective limb mesoderm.

The activity of some dehydrogenases is investigated in the rat's pineal gland of normal or sympathectomized animals with optical and electron microscopy. Comparison is made between the concordances and, particularly, the differences observed with the two methods.

Electron microscope studies of blastulae of Pleurodeles waltlii Michah., treated with formamide (0,5 M for 17 hours), show various abnormalities concerning centrospheres, chromosomes and microtubules as well. At the prophase stage, the centrospheres may display at their outer region an accumulation of dense bodies, which shows a temporary blocking of these centrospheres. At metaphase the poles of pluripolar mitoses appear more or less separated from the material which contains the chromosomes of the equatorial region. Each of these poles contains an unique centriole and therefore it is considered as resulting of the subdivision of a normal anaphasic pole. Astral and spindle microtubules are very reduced in number and more or less shortened. The chromosomes are without any recognizable kinetochcre, they show various degrees of condensation. All these electron microscope observations confirm the light microscope ones, and we may conclude that formamide has a double action on microtubules formation and on the ultrastructure of chromosomes, the latter perhaps by a direct action on DNA protein complexes.

The effect produced by an eyestalk removal have been studied on Eriocheir females at different physiological stages. In juvenile and prepuberal crabs, the operation induces an important rise of the oocyte diameter. Only a few variations are observed in puberal females oocytes. Cytological changes are found at first at the nucleolar level. The granular area increases and the nucleolar vacuoles volume decreases. Then the granules (precursor material to endogenous yolk) disappear in the reticulum cisternae. At this time, the endogenous yolk seems essentially elaborated within yolk lobules. The envelope of these lobules is enhanced by ribosomes. In juvenile females (oocytes initially in previtellogenesis) exogenous yolk does not appear. Nevertheless in prepuberal females, following eyestalks deprivation, the oocytes, initially at the endogenous vitellogenesis stage, quickly reach the vitellogenesis second stage. In such oocytes, the microvilli development and pinocytose vesicles number are greater than normally. Cytochemical tests reactions do not demonstrate differences in the yolk material (endogenous and exogenous) nature from experimented oocytes and controls. In juvenile and prepuberal oocytes, the multivesicular bodies and lysosomes proliferation, the increase in glycogen and lipids amount express a metabolic disturbance resulting from an acceleration of growth processes. However in eyestalk-less prepuberal females no difference with the control oocytes was noticed.