Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita最新文献

Introduction: Urban and transport planning, environmental exposures, physical activity and human health are strictly linked. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants of sustainable and active mobility in 4 Italian provinces.

Materials and methods: An online multiple-choice survey was administered via Google Form between October 2019 and February 2020.

Results: 605 people answered the questionnaire, reporting their mobility practices. The home location did not seem to influence mobility behaviours, with the exception of the greater use of public transport for those who did not live in the province capital. Working or studying in central areas was associated with less use of the car, while not working or studying in the province capital was associated with less use of the motorbike. Women use cars more, and motorcycles/bicycles less. Age and educational level did not seem to influence mobility practices, while being a student compared to a worker was related to greater use of public transport and tendency to walk to the work/study place as well as to lesser car use.

Discussion: It is essential that all cities adopt solutions to encourage healthy mobility. The positive relationship between BMI and car use, between good food score and bike use and between frequent light physical activity and healthy mobility indicators confirmed that risk factors are often interconnected and that improving even one single habit could have a positive effect on the others as well.

Conclusion: An urgent paradigm shift is needed to transform urban areas from agglomerations oriented on motorized transport to ones that rely on active and sustainable mobility, in order to turn cities into places generating wellness and health.

The search for cause-effect relationships is a central aspect of epidemiological surveillance programs applied to populations living close to contaminated sites. Here are described needs for assessing causality in using different epidemiological study designs in association with the aim of promoting environmental public health, where uncertainties should be considered under a precautionary driven approach.

Objectives: This study (GLASS) aimed to explore low health literacy (HL) prevalence among journalists and general population and factors associated with low HL.

Methods: GLASS was an Italian online cross-sectional study. Questionnaires included instruments for different HL dimensions: single item literacy screener (SILS), medical term recognition test (METER), medical data interpretation test (MDIT). For each instrument, multiple regressions were performed.

Results: Participants were 665. A total of 24.6%, 85.0%, and 58.9% journalists and 19.5%, 77.8%, and 62.6% general population reported low HL (SILS, METER, MDIT, respectively). Regressions showed that journalists who had never written about health and journalists who had personally written about health without being health journalists had a higher likelihood of low HL compared with health journalists.

Conclusion: Since journalists are key players in public health, our findings are relevant; especially considering the context of the current pandemic. It would be advisable to bolster a stronger collaboration between professionals in the media world and the scientific community.

Besides the timely detection of different SARS-CoV-2 variants through surveillance systems, functional and modelling studies are essential to better inform public health response and preparedness. Here, the knowledge available so far on SARS-CoV-2 variants is discussed from different perspectives, in order to highlight the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach in countering the threat posed by this insidious virus.

The actual "pandemic" times, beside their burden of sorrow in terms of both victims, destruction of societal links and economic consequences, are an unprecedented occasion to give a closer look to the status of biomedical research. Beside the undoubted technological advances, the general impression is alarming: the fragmentation of science culture prevents any wise synthesis of the many aspects involved in a global phenomenon as SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. Here we try to acquire a "detached" view to some evolutionary and physiological aspects of the human-virus interaction highlighting the need to revitalize science by a strong departure from ultra-specialization toward a real integration of different fields of investigation.

Background: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers were faced with difficult decisions about maternity care practices. The evidence-based practices recommended by the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) were confirmed by Italian national guidance.

Aim: To describe, in a number of facilities that are part of a national Baby-Friendly network, the adherence to some steps of BFHI standards during the COVID-19 emergency.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey, inviting all hospitals interested in the Initiative, to fill out a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: Out of the 68 participating hospitals, 30.9% were hubs and 69.1% spokes. During May 2020, 61.8% of hospitals had COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 clinical pathways, while 38.8% were only non-COVID-19. None was dedicated exclusively to COVID-19 pathways. The BFHI was effective in guaranteeing ≥80% exclusive breastfeeding, the presence of companion of mother's choice, skin-to-skin and rooming-in. The type of accreditation was associated with the presence of a companion of the mother's choice during labour (p=0.022) and with skin-to-skin (p<0.001). According to the narratives, increased interpersonal distance made interactions with mothers difficult and the absence of a birth companion was reported as a major issue.

Discussion and conclusions: The BFHI is a highly-structured, evidence-based care model. Investing in strong collaborative care approaches contributes to hospitals' preparedness.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first cause of death in Europe and over the world. This study analyses health-related behaviours in adults referring doctor-diagnosed CVDs.

Materials and methods: We used data from the Italian cross-sectional Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System PASSI gathered in 2015-2018. Complex survey design analyses included the Taylor series method for variance estimation and Poisson regression for associations between socio-demographic characteristics and CVD.

Results: Among 132,598 respondents, the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed CVD was 5%. Higher percentages are observed among: men, older individuals, socioeconomically disadvantaged people. Compared to the general population, people with CVD have greater risk and aggravating factors, and a worse health status overall. All protective behaviors and lifestyles shall be improved.

Discussion and conclusions: In Italy, adults with CVD are more likely to be exposed to aggravating modifiable risk factors: it represents a valuable information for increased preventive interventions, even more in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.

Introduction: Products containing anthraquinones (AQ) are associated with an increased risk of serious adverse events (AEs). We performed an update of the available evidence retrieved by the spontaneous reports of AE associated with herbal dietary supplement (DS) and over-the-counter medications (OTC-M) used as laxatives.

Methods: Analysis and evaluation of AE reports retrieved from the Italian Phytovigilance and Pharmacovigilance systems was performed from February 2011 to December 2020.

Results: Totally 110 AE reports, 24 related to herbal DS and 86 to OTC-M, were analyzed. Most subjects were females. Herbal products analyzed mostly contained AQ derivatives. Most AEs were gastrointestinal (41.6%), central nervous system (18.2%), and dermatological disorders (12.6%).

Conclusions: The number of AE reports recorded in the last 10 years is still relatively low. However, given the seriousness of some AEs, that does not represent a guarantee of safety. This study may contribute to enhance public awareness on the risks associated with misuse or abuse of laxatives.