A. Guled, Ayub Hassan Elmi, Bashir Mohamud Abdi, Abdihamid Mohamed Ali Rage, F. Ali, Abdullahi Hassan Abdinur, Abdullah Ali, A. A. Ahmed, Khadra Abdullahi Ibrahim, S. Mohamed, F. Mire, Omar Abdi Adem, Ali Osman
Introduction and Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a significant global health concern. Patients who had failed previous TB treatment, relapsed after treatment, contacted known MDRTB patients or defaulted during previous treatment, and HIV patients are considered to be suspected and at high risk for developing drug resistant TB specially MDR-TB. However, there is little data available on the prevalence and trends of MDR tuberculosis in national level but luck of it in Mogadishu is our main concern. Methodology: This was a crosssectional, descriptive study involving all suspected MDR TB patients attended at the Mogadishu three Tb centers. Results: A total of 138 cases of suspected MDRTB patients were included in the study. Of these, 70 patients (51%) had rifampicin resistant-TB. Of the 138 study participants, 94 (68.62%) were between 21 - 40 years old that indicates the dominance of productive age group (21 - 40 years). Previous Tuberculosis treatment has been noted to be a major risk factor for development of multidrug resistance tuberculosis. MDR-TB prevalence is significantly higher in male than female patients. Conclusion and Interpretation: The prevalence of Rifampicin resistance among these high risk groups was significant. The high association of previous TB treatment to MDR-TB might be explained due to inappropriate anti-tubercular regimens, sub-optimal drugs, inadequate or irregular drug supply, unsatisfactory patient or clinician compliance, lack of supervision of treatment and absence of infection control measures in healthcare facilities. As the prevalence of MDRTB is high and yet the cases remain un-isolated in the community we recommend the MOH/NTP and funding agencies to facilitate establishment of MDRTB management centers earlier in Mogadishu in order to treat the MDRTB case otherwise it might Amplify of the incidence of this Emerging Disease.
{"title":"Prevalence of Rifampicin Resistance and Associated Risk Factors among Suspected Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Cases in TB Centers Mogadishu-Somalia: Descriptive Study","authors":"A. Guled, Ayub Hassan Elmi, Bashir Mohamud Abdi, Abdihamid Mohamed Ali Rage, F. Ali, Abdullahi Hassan Abdinur, Abdullah Ali, A. A. Ahmed, Khadra Abdullahi Ibrahim, S. Mohamed, F. Mire, Omar Abdi Adem, Ali Osman","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2016.62003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2016.62003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a significant \u0000global health concern. Patients who had failed previous TB treatment, relapsed after \u0000treatment, contacted known MDRTB patients or defaulted during previous treatment, and HIV patients \u0000are considered to be suspected and at high risk for developing drug resistant TB specially \u0000MDR-TB. However, there is little data available on the prevalence and trends of MDR tuberculosis \u0000in national level but luck of it in Mogadishu is our main concern. Methodology: This was a crosssectional, \u0000descriptive study involving all suspected MDR TB patients attended at the Mogadishu \u0000three Tb centers. Results: A total of 138 cases of suspected MDRTB patients were included in the \u0000study. Of these, 70 patients (51%) had rifampicin resistant-TB. Of the 138 study participants, 94 \u0000(68.62%) were between 21 - 40 years old that indicates the dominance of productive age group \u0000(21 - 40 years). Previous Tuberculosis treatment has been noted to be a major risk factor for development \u0000of multidrug resistance tuberculosis. MDR-TB prevalence is significantly higher in male \u0000than female patients. Conclusion and Interpretation: The prevalence of Rifampicin resistance \u0000among these high risk groups was significant. The high association of previous TB treatment to MDR-TB might be explained due to inappropriate anti-tubercular regimens, sub-optimal drugs, \u0000inadequate or irregular drug supply, unsatisfactory patient or clinician compliance, lack of supervision \u0000of treatment and absence of infection control measures in healthcare facilities. As the prevalence \u0000of MDRTB is high and yet the cases remain un-isolated in the community we recommend \u0000the MOH/NTP and funding agencies to facilitate establishment of MDRTB management centers \u0000earlier in Mogadishu in order to treat the MDRTB case otherwise it might Amplify of the incidence \u0000of this Emerging Disease.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"06 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70584069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Togo, B. Kané, M. Ouattara, I. Maiga, Yunping Lu, Donghui Jin, A. Ombotimbé, I. Sangare, Maiga Abdoul Aziz, Cheik Amed Sekou Touré, I. Coulibaly, A. Koné, Sitan Illiassou, John W. Saye, C. Traoré, S. Koumare, M. Camara, Koita Adama Kononba, M. Traoré, Sanogo Zz, S. Yena, D. Sangaré
Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is very rare in the pediatric age group. Because of its rarity and its coexistence with more injuries, the diagnosis is often delayed. Very little has been written about this condition in the pediatric age group. TDR, while uncommon, should be considered in cases of blunt thoracic trauma. All patients should undergo meticulous examination preoperatively. The clinical presentation and importance of making an accurate diagnosis and surgery is highlighted. We report a case of secondary spontaneous traumatic left-sided diaphragmatic rupture in a child that was managed by delayed surgical repair.
{"title":"Secondary Spontaneous Rupture of the Diaphragm in a Child after Blunt Chest Trauma","authors":"S. Togo, B. Kané, M. Ouattara, I. Maiga, Yunping Lu, Donghui Jin, A. Ombotimbé, I. Sangare, Maiga Abdoul Aziz, Cheik Amed Sekou Touré, I. Coulibaly, A. Koné, Sitan Illiassou, John W. Saye, C. Traoré, S. Koumare, M. Camara, Koita Adama Kononba, M. Traoré, Sanogo Zz, S. Yena, D. Sangaré","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2016.62006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2016.62006","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is very rare in the pediatric age group. Because of its rarity and its coexistence with more injuries, the diagnosis is often delayed. Very little has been written about this condition in the pediatric age group. TDR, while uncommon, should be considered in cases of blunt thoracic trauma. All patients should undergo meticulous examination preoperatively. The clinical presentation and importance of making an accurate diagnosis and surgery is highlighted. We report a case of secondary spontaneous traumatic left-sided diaphragmatic rupture in a child that was managed by delayed surgical repair.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"06 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70584262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulmonary mucormycosis is an emergent and life-threatening invasive fungal infection underdiagnosed by clinicians due to unspecific clinical picture and lack of awareness. Although the acknowledgment of risk factors, clinical and radiological findings may increase early recognition, the definite diagnosis is challenging to establish and the ideal treatment has never been delineated. The authors describe a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis that was successfully treated with dual antifungal treatment and surgery in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. When last evaluated, he was asymptomatic with no evidence of relapse. To our knowledge this is a rare report of a successfully treated diabetic patient with pulmonary mucormycosis with L-AmB, triazole posaconazole and surgery with no evidence of recurrence. We highlight the importance of clinicians’ awareness to early diagnosis, combined antifungal treatment and adjuvant surgery as the greatest chance of cure of a rapidly progressive disease with high mortality and morbidity.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Pulmonary Mucormycosis Successfully Treated with Dual Antifungal Agents and Surgery in a Patient with Uncontrolled Diabetes","authors":"V. Clérigo, L. Fernandes, T. Abreu, P. Barradas","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2016.62005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2016.62005","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary mucormycosis is an emergent and life-threatening invasive fungal infection underdiagnosed by clinicians due to unspecific clinical picture and lack of awareness. Although the acknowledgment of risk factors, clinical and radiological findings may increase early recognition, the definite diagnosis is challenging to establish and the ideal treatment has never been delineated. The authors describe a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis that was successfully treated with dual antifungal treatment and surgery in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. When last evaluated, he was asymptomatic with no evidence of relapse. To our knowledge this is a rare report of a successfully treated diabetic patient with pulmonary mucormycosis with L-AmB, triazole posaconazole and surgery with no evidence of recurrence. We highlight the importance of clinicians’ awareness to early diagnosis, combined antifungal treatment and adjuvant surgery as the greatest chance of cure of a rapidly progressive disease with high mortality and morbidity.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70584154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vicks VapoRub® (VVR) is a pharmaceutical preparation containing a combination of levomenthol, eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil and camphor as active ingredients, and thymol, cedarwood oil, and white soft paraffin as excipients. VVR is a petrolatum-based ointment to be either applied topically to the chest, throat, and back or added to hot water and the aromatic vapours inhaled. When used topically, the actives are evaporated by body temperature and inspired. The main therapeutic effects are the feeling of relief from nasal congestion and relief from cough. These were primarily experienced by patients as the trigeminal and olfactory impact of the aromatics and were hypothesized to be experienced within minutes. This was a randomized, single-(Investigator) blind, controlled, 2-arm (VVR vs. petrolatum), parallel design pilot study in 50 otherwise healthy adult patients suffering from common cold and experiencing nasal congestion. Speed to detection of a sensation of nasal cooling and nasal decongestion was assessed following application of the recommended amount of product. The time to first experience of a sensation of nasal cooling was significantly (p < 0.001) faster for patients who received VVR compared to control (median times of 23 and 99 seconds respectively). VVR delivered a statistically significant sensation of nasal cooling at all times from 12 seconds to 15 minutes after product application. The time to first experience of a sensation of nasal decongestion was significantly (p = 0.0102) faster for patients who received VVR compared to control (median times of 62 and 126 seconds respectively). VVR delivered a statistically significant sensation of nasal decongestion at all times from 62 seconds to 15 minutes after product application. No adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: Patients using Vicks VapoRub® as directed experienced significant differences from control for sensation of nasal cooling in 12 seconds and the sensation of nasal decongestion in 62 seconds.
{"title":"Efficacy of a Topical Aromatic Rub (Vicks VapoRub®)-Speed of Action of Subjective Nasal Cooling and Relief from Nasal Congestion","authors":"R. Eccles, M. Jawad, D. Ramsey, J. Hull","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2015.51002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2015.51002","url":null,"abstract":"Vicks VapoRub® (VVR) is a pharmaceutical preparation containing a combination of levomenthol, eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil and camphor as active ingredients, and thymol, cedarwood oil, and white soft paraffin as excipients. VVR is a petrolatum-based ointment to be either applied topically to the chest, throat, and back or added to hot water and the aromatic vapours inhaled. When used topically, the actives are evaporated by body temperature and inspired. The main therapeutic effects are the feeling of relief from nasal congestion and relief from cough. These were primarily experienced by patients as the trigeminal and olfactory impact of the aromatics and were hypothesized to be experienced within minutes. This was a randomized, single-(Investigator) blind, controlled, 2-arm (VVR vs. petrolatum), parallel design pilot study in 50 otherwise healthy adult patients suffering from common cold and experiencing nasal congestion. Speed to detection of a sensation of nasal cooling and nasal decongestion was assessed following application of the recommended amount of product. The time to first experience of a sensation of nasal cooling was significantly (p < 0.001) faster for patients who received VVR compared to control (median times of 23 and 99 seconds respectively). VVR delivered a statistically significant sensation of nasal cooling at all times from 12 seconds to 15 minutes after product application. The time to first experience of a sensation of nasal decongestion was significantly (p = 0.0102) faster for patients who received VVR compared to control (median times of 62 and 126 seconds respectively). VVR delivered a statistically significant sensation of nasal decongestion at all times from 62 seconds to 15 minutes after product application. No adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: Patients using Vicks VapoRub® as directed experienced significant differences from control for sensation of nasal cooling in 12 seconds and the sensation of nasal decongestion in 62 seconds.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"05 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asdis Kristjansdottir, Magdalena Asgeirsdottir, H. J. Beck, P. Hannesson, M. Ragnarsdóttir
Objective: To investigate respiratory movements in supine and forward standing leaning position among patients with emphysema and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during rest and dyspnea. Methodology: Nineteen patients with emphysema and severe COPD underwent lung function measurement and positional assessment of diaphragm. Respiratory movements during quiet and deep breathing were measured in supine and standing forward leaning using the Respiratory Movement Measuring Instrument (RMMI) (MTT, Arleyni 8, Reykjavik, Iceland). Patients then bicycled with the work rate 87% of the peak work rate tolerated in a pre-program incremental exercise test. Immediately after dismounting the bicycle, respiratory movements were measured in forward leaning. Results: For participants with mean age of 61 ± 7 years and mean body mass index of 23.59 ± 4.63, respiratory movements during quiet breathing in supine were significantly (abdominal p = 0.025, lower- and upper-thoracic p = 0.020) greater than in forward leaning. In the case forward leaning during dyspnea, lower- and upper-thoracic movements were significantly (p = 0.001; p = 0.005, respectively) less than abdominal. Conclusion: This study indicates that the diaphragm of patients with severe COPD and emphysema is active in forward leaning position during rest and dyspnea.
{"title":"Respiratory Movements of Patients with Severe Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Emphysema in Supine and Forward Standing Leaning","authors":"Asdis Kristjansdottir, Magdalena Asgeirsdottir, H. J. Beck, P. Hannesson, M. Ragnarsdóttir","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2015.51001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojrd.2015.51001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate respiratory movements in supine and forward standing leaning position among patients with emphysema and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during rest and dyspnea. Methodology: Nineteen patients with emphysema and severe COPD underwent lung function measurement and positional assessment of diaphragm. Respiratory movements during quiet and deep breathing were measured in supine and standing forward leaning using the Respiratory Movement Measuring Instrument (RMMI) (MTT, Arleyni 8, Reykjavik, Iceland). Patients then bicycled with the work rate 87% of the peak work rate tolerated in a pre-program incremental exercise test. Immediately after dismounting the bicycle, respiratory movements were measured in forward leaning. Results: For participants with mean age of 61 ± 7 years and mean body mass index of 23.59 ± 4.63, respiratory movements during quiet breathing in supine were significantly (abdominal p = 0.025, lower- and upper-thoracic p = 0.020) greater than in forward leaning. In the case forward leaning during dyspnea, lower- and upper-thoracic movements were significantly (p = 0.001; p = 0.005, respectively) less than abdominal. Conclusion: This study indicates that the diaphragm of patients with severe COPD and emphysema is active in forward leaning position during rest and dyspnea.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"05 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thoracoscopy is a well established invasive method for the diagnosis and management of pleural nosologies. The role and the impact that this procedure exerts in settings alongside the diagnostic yield in pleural malignancies are unquestionable. New insights and novel techniques promise an even greater future towards the usefulness of this technique in interventional pneumonology. This is a short review highlighting the principles and novel aspects in the evolutionary progress of pleuroscopy.
{"title":"Thoracoscopy: Outstanding Interventional Modality in Diagnosis of Pleural Nosologies","authors":"I. Sotiriou, N. Siddique","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2014.44016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2014.44016","url":null,"abstract":"Thoracoscopy is a well established invasive method for the diagnosis and management of pleural nosologies. The role and the impact that this procedure exerts in settings alongside the diagnostic yield in pleural malignancies are unquestionable. New insights and novel techniques promise an even greater future towards the usefulness of this technique in interventional pneumonology. This is a short review highlighting the principles and novel aspects in the evolutionary progress of pleuroscopy.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"04 1","pages":"119-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Leskovsek, Nika Pusenjak, Ana Lasič, Domen Ravnik
We have designed a breathing paced television; a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described system has been tested with control group who have watched the same video. Breathing rate reduction was significantly higher in active group (54.48% ± 8.34%) than in control group (6.84% ± 17.21%), however, the proposed method of watching television is obviously not as trivial as watching television per se.
{"title":"Breathing Television: A Breathing Controlled Multimedia Player for Reducing Breathing Rate","authors":"M. Leskovsek, Nika Pusenjak, Ana Lasič, Domen Ravnik","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2014.44015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2014.44015","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed a breathing paced television; a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described system has been tested with control group who have watched the same video. Breathing rate reduction was significantly higher in active group (54.48% ± 8.34%) than in control group (6.84% ± 17.21%), however, the proposed method of watching television is obviously not as trivial as watching television per se.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"04 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Lung cancer is often diagnosed in a late stage, which might be related to lack of risk factors and symptoms awareness. Aim of this study was to evaluate these factors. Methods: A survey was conducted to assess the awareness of lung cancer risk factors and symptoms. Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher and chi-square tests were used to compare the groups. Results: Altogether 403 participants (108 male; median age 29 (range 13 to 74) years; 98 smokers, 90 ex-smokers and 212 non-smokers) completed the survey (321 filled in online questionnaire, 82 were interviewed face-to-face). Three per cent of the respondents were unable to name any lung cancer risk factor, 36% named one and 61% named two or more. Smoking was mentioned most commonly, others far less often. When presented with a list of lung cancer risk factors, 99.7% of respondents recognised two or more; most commonly smoking (99%) and second-hand smoking (95%). Concerning symptoms, 17% were unable to name any, 21% named one and 62% named two or more. Prolonged cough was mentioned most often (59%), followed by dyspnea (45%) and chest pain (30%). When presented with a list, 99% of respondents recognised two or more symptoms; most often prolonged cough (86%), weakness (85%) and chest pain (82%). There were no statistical differences in lung cancer symptom, risk factor or prognosis awareness among smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. There were some differences related to age, sex, education and type of used questionnaire. Conclusions: Awareness of lung cancer risks and symptoms is moderate in general population without major differences between smokers and non-smokers.
{"title":"Awareness of Lung Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors in General Population","authors":"H. Hanson, M. Raag, Merje Adrat, T. Laisaar","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2017.71001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2017.71001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lung cancer is often diagnosed in a late stage, which might be related to lack of risk factors and symptoms awareness. Aim of this study was to evaluate these factors. Methods: A survey was conducted to assess the awareness of lung cancer risk factors and symptoms. Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher and chi-square tests were used to compare the groups. Results: Altogether 403 participants (108 male; median age 29 (range 13 to 74) years; 98 smokers, 90 ex-smokers and 212 non-smokers) completed the survey (321 filled in online questionnaire, 82 were interviewed face-to-face). Three per cent of the respondents were unable to name any lung cancer risk factor, 36% named one and 61% named two or more. Smoking was mentioned most commonly, others far less often. When presented with a list of lung cancer risk factors, 99.7% of respondents recognised two or more; most commonly smoking (99%) and second-hand smoking (95%). Concerning symptoms, 17% were unable to name any, 21% named one and 62% named two or more. Prolonged cough was mentioned most often (59%), followed by dyspnea (45%) and chest pain (30%). When presented with a list, 99% of respondents recognised two or more symptoms; most often prolonged cough (86%), weakness (85%) and chest pain (82%). There were no statistical differences in lung cancer symptom, risk factor or prognosis awareness among smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. There were some differences related to age, sex, education and type of used questionnaire. Conclusions: Awareness of lung cancer risks and symptoms is moderate in general population without major differences between smokers and non-smokers.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"07 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70584090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Saenghirunvattana, Vitoon Pitiguagool, C. Suwanakijboriharn, Pakorn Pupipat, Bhudsadee Saenghirunvattana, M. C. Gonzales, Kritsana Sutthisri, Chitchamai Siangproh, Wannipa Kodkaew, Assarin Inkum, Vimonsiri Matitopanum
Narrowing of the airway caused by different diseases is a serious condition manifesting varying signs and symptoms. Immediate attention and treatment must be performed as this is a life-threatening condition. In the past decade, there has been massive advancement on the management of airway stenosis. Some of these are stent placement, tracheal reconstruction and tumor debulking. This article focuses on 5 different cases with distinct strategies in conducting treatment and management of airway stenosis.
{"title":"Different Approaches on Various Cases of Tracheal Stenosis","authors":"S. Saenghirunvattana, Vitoon Pitiguagool, C. Suwanakijboriharn, Pakorn Pupipat, Bhudsadee Saenghirunvattana, M. C. Gonzales, Kritsana Sutthisri, Chitchamai Siangproh, Wannipa Kodkaew, Assarin Inkum, Vimonsiri Matitopanum","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2014.43013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2014.43013","url":null,"abstract":"Narrowing of the airway caused by different diseases is a serious condition manifesting varying signs and symptoms. Immediate attention and treatment must be performed as this is a life-threatening condition. In the past decade, there has been massive advancement on the management of airway stenosis. Some of these are stent placement, tracheal reconstruction and tumor debulking. This article focuses on 5 different cases with distinct strategies in conducting treatment and management of airway stenosis.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"2014 1","pages":"90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seble Haile Welday, A. Kimang’a, B. Kabera, Josphine Wahogo Mburu, C. Mwachari, Elisabeth A. Mungai, S. Ndwiga, J. Mbuthia, G. Revathi
Background: Diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a challenge. Symptoms are nonspecific. Young children are unable to expectorate sputum samples; the procedures for obtaining respiratory samples are invasive. Thus Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures and smears often are not performed. Stool samples were used as an alternative to respiratory samples for the diagnosis of pediatric PTB using stool Xpert MTB/RIF and its sensitivity for detecting the DNA of MTB in stool was determined. Methods: The study was a laboratory-based cross-sectional prospective design. Stool specimen was collected from PTB suspected children (Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA can be detected in stool using Xpert testing with a higher sensitivity. Therefore stool which can easily be obtained is an appropriate alternative sample for the diagnosis of PTB using Xpert assay for children unable to give respiratory samples. Furthermore Xpert turn round time is less than 2 hours.
{"title":"Stool as Appropriate Sample for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Gene Xpert Test","authors":"Seble Haile Welday, A. Kimang’a, B. Kabera, Josphine Wahogo Mburu, C. Mwachari, Elisabeth A. Mungai, S. Ndwiga, J. Mbuthia, G. Revathi","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2014.43012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2014.43012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a challenge. Symptoms are \u0000nonspecific. Young children are unable to expectorate sputum samples; the procedures for obtaining \u0000respiratory samples are invasive. Thus Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures and smears \u0000often are not performed. Stool samples were used as an alternative to respiratory samples for the \u0000diagnosis of pediatric PTB using stool Xpert MTB/RIF and its sensitivity for detecting the DNA of \u0000MTB in stool was determined. Methods: The study was a laboratory-based cross-sectional prospective \u0000design. Stool specimen was collected from PTB suspected children (Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA can be \u0000detected in stool using Xpert testing with a higher sensitivity. Therefore stool which can easily be \u0000obtained is an appropriate alternative sample for the diagnosis of PTB using Xpert assay for children \u0000unable to give respiratory samples. Furthermore Xpert turn round time is less than 2 hours.","PeriodicalId":83134,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of respiratory diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/OJRD.2014.43012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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