Archives of Sexual Behavior最新文献

The aim of this review was to investigate the mental and physical health outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. This study addressed an existing gap in research concerning IPV outcomes among SGM populations. A systematic review was conducted through PubMed, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycNet, and manual searches on Google Scholar using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed publications and quantitative studies specifically assessing the impacts of IPV among SGM individuals. A total of 35 studies meeting these criteria were included in the review. Our review showed significant associations between IPV victimization and adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and attempts, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors among SGM individuals. IPV victimization poses mental and physical health risks for SGM populations. Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive, tailored intervention and prevention efforts that consider the diverse needs of individuals with multiple minoritized identities in the context of IPV victimization.

Young adulthood is a critical development period when mental health problems such as anxiety and depression become more prevalent. Likewise, there is evidence to suggest that depression and anxiety may lead to increased pornography usage. We examined the association of depression and anxiety symptoms with pornography viewing frequency among a prospective cohort of young adults (n = 1864) from California. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association of depression symptoms only, anxiety symptoms only, and comorbid depression and anxiety with pornography viewing frequency (never, < 3 times/month, one to several times/week, one to several times/day) at a 6-month follow-up. Models adjusted for gender, sexual orientation, sexual satisfaction, and adverse childhood experiences. Participants with comorbid depression and anxiety (vs. no depression or anxiety symptoms) had 2.72 (95% CI: 1.66–4.46) times the odds of frequent pornography viewing (one to several times/day) compared to never watching pornography. There was an association of depression symptoms only with frequent pornography viewing but it did not reach statistical significance (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.78–4.89). Anxiety symptoms alone (vs. no depression and anxiety symptoms) were not associated with pornography viewing at any frequency in the full sample. However, in gender-stratified models, anxiety symptoms alone were associated with pornography viewing among women (OR: 1.44. 95% CI: 1.00–2.07), but not men (1.12, 95% CI: 0.65–1.96). Findings suggest comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with frequent pornography viewing among young adults, and anxiety symptoms alone are associated with pornography viewing among women, but not men.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals represent a population with a heavy burden of HIV. Multi-level stigma encountered by TGD individuals can create significant barriers to discussing topics related to HIV prevention; however, research on communication between TGD patients and primary care providers (PCPs) about HIV vulnerability and prevention remains limited. This study used in-depth qualitative interviews with 25 TGD patients and 15 PCPs conducted in 2022 to explore perspectives on HIV vulnerability communication during primary care encounters. Overall, 14 of the TGD patients were nonbinary, genderqueer, or another gender identity; all but two participants identified as a sexual minority. The majority of PCPs (n = 11) were physicians. The range of years practicing medicine was between two and 39 years. Thematic analysis was used to organize codes and establish themes. Three broad themes regarding factors that facilitate communication regarding HIV vulnerability were identified: (1) focusing on behaviors over identities, (2) conveying impartiality, and (3) acknowledging individuality among TGD patients. Findings corroborate earlier research that identified strengths in providers refraining from behavior-based assumptions tied to a patient’s gender identity and sexual orientation and conveying impartial and nonjudgmental attitudes when discussing behaviors that can increase HIV vulnerability. Additionally, these findings underscore the significance of recognizing that, within the TGD community, all persons have unique circumstances, preferences, and needs. Future work should continue to explore the dynamics of HIV vulnerability and prevention discussions, especially among TGD individuals from diverse backgrounds and regions, to identify strategies for strengthening patient–provider communication and reducing vulnerability to HIV.

Women are at a higher risk of sexual assault, partly due to societal sexism. This scoping review addresses the question: What is known about the psychosocial consequences of sexual assault on women? To understand these impacts, various studies were reviewed. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycArticles, and PsycINFO between April and May 2022. The methodology followed Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework. PRISMA guidelines were used for screening and the Scoping Reviews Checklist was employed to ensure the quality of the review process. As a result, 1744 studies were identified, and 21 were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with publication years ranging from 1997 to 2021. The total sample of women analyzed across these studies was 20,071 (M = 955.76; σ = 2236.53). These 21 studies examined the psychosocial consequences of sexual assault on women's lives. The primary psychosocial outcomes identified were depressive symptoms (n = 13), anxiety symptoms (n = 11), post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 11), alcohol dependence (n = 6), and sleep disorders (n = 3). In conclusion, this review enhances our understanding of the effects of sexual assault on women and identifies areas for future research to further understand and address this phenomenon. This work can ultimately guide efforts to improve the well-being of survivors.

Sexual economic exchanges, including sex work and transactional sex, have been consistently associated with HIV acquisition among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Heterogeneity in HIV vulnerability across overlapping types of sexual economic exchange has not been sufficiently explored, limiting appropriate and effective linkage to prevention interventions. From January 2017 to May 2018, cross-sectional data were captured at screening for entry into an HIV incidence cohort in Kisumu, Kenya. Men and women aged 18–35 years completed a socio-behavioral questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to classify sexually active women into discrete groups based on self-identification of occupational sex and other sexual exchanges, including exchange for money, gifts, food, school fees, substances, shelter/rent, and/or clothing. Profiles examined characteristics within and across typologies. Mixed logistic regression models assessed demographic and socio-behavioral characteristics associated with probabilistic class membership. A total of 1063 participants were screened, of whom 536 (50.4%) were sexually active women (median age: 27 years [interquartile range 23–30]). Sexual economic exchange was reported by 403 (77.2%) sexually active women, who most commonly reported recent exchange of sex for money (73.9%), gifts (19.6%), food (25.9%), and substances (17.7%); 44.6% reported selling sex as a primary or secondary occupation. Three profiles of sexual economic exchange were identified, each with distinct demographic, behavioral, and occupational characteristics: exchange for money and other necessities (23.3% prevalence), exchange for primarily money (38.2% prevalence), and sex comprising limited or no exchange (38.4% prevalence). In mixture modeling, as compared to limited or no exchange, exchange for money and other necessities, and exchange for primarily money were both associated with increased age, higher number of partners, and partners at least 10 years older. Heterogeneous patterns of sexual economic exchange were observed among women in Kenya reflect the different motivations and pathways by which women exchange sex. Female sex workers are often considered a homogeneous group, but these data highlight the need for differentiated services based on the diverse needs of women who engage in sexual economic exchange.

Seasonal variation in birth rates is a ubiquitous property of human populations. Although the general birth rate is dependent on relatively few parameters—sexual behavior, zygote survival, and the number of ova released—the quantitative influence of the effects of each is difficult to estimate. Research has been directed more towards seasonal variation in physiology and less towards behavioral effects such as preferences for birthing in particular seasons. This may be because alongside seasonal variation in birth rate there is also seasonal variation in the multiple birth rate, which necessarily depends on the same physiological factors as the birth rate, suggestive of a link. Here we use a simulation that follows females through their reproductive lives, replicating the incidence of singleton and twin births that arise from single and double ovulations. We use the simulation to quantify the impact of seasonal variation in the physiological variables that affect birth rate. We can generate the seasonal variation in twinning rates observed in European populations, but this does not generate the magnitude of the observed seasonal variation in birth rate. Our simulation shows that, despite correlations between twinning rate and general birth rate, seasonal changes in sexual behavior are necessary to explain the magnitude of the seasonal variation in the general birth rate in humans.

Labial hypertrophy, which lacks an accepted definition, is generally understood to refer to morphological and aesthetic characteristics of the labia believed to deviate from a perceived norm. Such ostensive deviation has the potential to affect many domains of a person’s well-being, as does its surgical treatment, labiaplasty. Nearly 24,000 labiaplasty procedures were performed in the United States in 2022, representing a greater than three-fold increase since numbers were first reported in 2013. Nearly 20% of these procedures were performed on minors, and cases have been reported in children well before complete pubertal development or the age of personal consent. In this article, we explore the indications that are used to designate labiaplasty as “medically necessary” in minors, a status that, we argue, is required for such procedures to avoid fitting the definition of “medicalized FGM” (i.e., “female genital mutilation”) according to the World Health Organization. As a part of this, we consider the particular ways in which outcomes are measured in this population. We shed light on persistent methodological shortcomings in the research on labiaplasty, discuss ethical and legal implications, and make recommendations to improve the relevance, reliability, and generalizability of future investigations into this increasingly common, controversial surgical procedure.

This study examined the role of odors in sexual attraction and partner selection among non-heterosexual individuals. We searched using MESH terms in databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Clinical Trials. We focused on experimental or quasi-experimental studies where olfactory cues were used in partner selection. The studies had to identify participants’ sexual orientation and include heterosexuals for comparison. Seven studies, published between 2005 and 2014, involving 345 participants (Mean age, 27.09 years), met the criteria. Results suggest that sexual orientation affects both preference for and production of human body odors and that human body odors appear to provide cues about the sex and sexual orientation of potential partners. Most participants were male, limiting conclusions about the role of pheromones in attraction among non-heterosexual women.