Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118408186.CH20
H. Nagata, Takashima Shinya, Y. Hiruma, T. Takenaka, I. Sakaguchi, H. Haneda
{"title":"Piezoelectric Properties of Bismuth Sodium Titanate Ceramics","authors":"H. Nagata, Takashima Shinya, Y. Hiruma, T. Takenaka, I. Sakaguchi, H. Haneda","doi":"10.1002/9781118408186.CH20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118408186.CH20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"2 1","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81509501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118407004.CH33
A. Giordana, W. Ramsey, T. Meaker, B. Kauffman, M. McCarthy, K. Guilbeau, J. D. Smith, F. Miller, T. Sanders, E. Bohannan, J. Powell, M. Reich, J. Jordan, L. Ventre, R. Barletta, A. A. Ramsey, G. Maise, B. Manowitz, M. Steinberg, F. Salzano
{"title":"Thermal Processing Optimization for Simulated Hanford Waste Glass (AZ 101)","authors":"A. Giordana, W. Ramsey, T. Meaker, B. Kauffman, M. McCarthy, K. Guilbeau, J. D. Smith, F. Miller, T. Sanders, E. Bohannan, J. Powell, M. Reich, J. Jordan, L. Ventre, R. Barletta, A. A. Ramsey, G. Maise, B. Manowitz, M. Steinberg, F. Salzano","doi":"10.1002/9781118407004.CH33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118407004.CH33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"31 1","pages":"351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84833293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118406069.CH12
S. Hayakawa, Yuko Kusudo, S. Takemoto, K. Tsuru, A. Osaka, S. Takashima
Hydroxy-carbonate apatite (CAp) compositions containing carbonate ions from 0 to 10.9 wt% were synthesized by a wet chemical method. Infrared analysis revealed that carbonate ions were substituted both PO 4 3 - and OH - sites. The introduction of CO 3 2 - ion into the hydroxyapatite lattice led to an increase in specific surface area and surface charge density. Blood clotting properties were not affected by the contact with CAp samples. The adsorption behavior of proteins was investigated by contacting CAp with model saline containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG). The selectivity against β 2 -MG increased with increase in the amount of carbonate ions. As surface charge density increased with increase in the amount of carbonate ions, surface charge density played an important role in selective adsorption of β 2 -MG, but not a sole factor.
{"title":"Hydroxy-carbonate apatite: Synthesis, blood compatibility and adsorption of specific pathogenic proteins","authors":"S. Hayakawa, Yuko Kusudo, S. Takemoto, K. Tsuru, A. Osaka, S. Takashima","doi":"10.1002/9781118406069.CH12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118406069.CH12","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxy-carbonate apatite (CAp) compositions containing carbonate ions from 0 to 10.9 wt% were synthesized by a wet chemical method. Infrared analysis revealed that carbonate ions were substituted both PO 4 3 - and OH - sites. The introduction of CO 3 2 - ion into the hydroxyapatite lattice led to an increase in specific surface area and surface charge density. Blood clotting properties were not affected by the contact with CAp samples. The adsorption behavior of proteins was investigated by contacting CAp with model saline containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG). The selectivity against β 2 -MG increased with increase in the amount of carbonate ions. As surface charge density increased with increase in the amount of carbonate ions, surface charge density played an important role in selective adsorption of β 2 -MG, but not a sole factor.","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118407899.CH13
Jacob L. Jones, M. Hoffman, W. F. Shelley
The change in fracture toughness as a function of crack extension (R-curve) is measured and compared in both hard and soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics using compact tension geometry. The soft PZT ceramic exhibited an initial fracture toughness of 0.70 MPa.m 1/2 and an increase in toughness of 0.66 MPa-m 1/2 while the hard PZT ceramic exhibited an initial fracture toughness of 0.78 MPa.m 1/2 and an increase in toughness of 0.10 MPa-m 1/2 . The distinctive R-curve behavior of each composition is interpreted with respect to mechanical stress-strain results obtained using 4-point bending geometry. The intrinsic fracture toughness and extension toughening enhancement are correlated with bending strength and remanent strain, respectively.
{"title":"R‐Curve and Stress‐Strain Behavior of Hard and Soft PZT Ceramics","authors":"Jacob L. Jones, M. Hoffman, W. F. Shelley","doi":"10.1002/9781118407899.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118407899.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"The change in fracture toughness as a function of crack extension (R-curve) is measured and compared in both hard and soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics using compact tension geometry. The soft PZT ceramic exhibited an initial fracture toughness of 0.70 MPa.m 1/2 and an increase in toughness of 0.66 MPa-m 1/2 while the hard PZT ceramic exhibited an initial fracture toughness of 0.78 MPa.m 1/2 and an increase in toughness of 0.10 MPa-m 1/2 . The distinctive R-curve behavior of each composition is interpreted with respect to mechanical stress-strain results obtained using 4-point bending geometry. The intrinsic fracture toughness and extension toughening enhancement are correlated with bending strength and remanent strain, respectively.","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"14 1","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78085114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118408391.CH13
L. Satapathy, P. Ramesh, D. Agrawal, R. Roy
Alumina-silicon carbide composites have been synthesized in-situ in a microwave reactor by two different methods, namely, polymer infiltration and pyrolysis ( PIP) and direct pyrolysis of a alumina-polymer mixture (DPP). The percentage of silicon carbide in alumina has been limited to a maximum of 10 Vol. %. In the PIP method, polycarbosilane ( PCS) is converted to SiC in an alumina porous compact during the sintering process. On the other hand, the DPP method allows easy conversion of PCS to SiC in an alumina powder matrix. The reacted materials have been characterized by various analytical techniques. The PIP method can produce very fine, homogenous porosity distribution inside alumina compacts that can be potentially useful for gas separation applications.
{"title":"In‐Situ Synthesis and Characterization of SiC ‐ Al2O3 Composites","authors":"L. Satapathy, P. Ramesh, D. Agrawal, R. Roy","doi":"10.1002/9781118408391.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118408391.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"Alumina-silicon carbide composites have been synthesized in-situ in a microwave reactor by two different methods, namely, polymer infiltration and pyrolysis ( PIP) and direct pyrolysis of a alumina-polymer mixture (DPP). The percentage of silicon carbide in alumina has been limited to a maximum of 10 Vol. %. In the PIP method, polycarbosilane ( PCS) is converted to SiC in an alumina porous compact during the sintering process. On the other hand, the DPP method allows easy conversion of PCS to SiC in an alumina powder matrix. The reacted materials have been characterized by various analytical techniques. The PIP method can produce very fine, homogenous porosity distribution inside alumina compacts that can be potentially useful for gas separation applications.","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"22 1","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80436771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118406069.CH13
I. O. Smith, M. Soto, M. Baumann, L. McCabe
ζ-potential measurement as a function of pH has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in predicting the ability of implant materials to attach to bone, including hydroxyapatite (HA) and various Bioglasses. Based on these results, ζ-potential analysis as measured by Electrokinetic Sonic Amplitude (ESA), should also be a reliable predictor of bonding between bone forming cells (osteoblasts (OBs)) and calcium phosphate ceramics such as HA and β-tricalcium phosphate (p-TCP). OBs, and the matrix they synthesize are part of the biological portion of bone. This biological portion joins the mineral portion to make up complete bone. Therefore, to test the propensity for OB interaction with these ceramics, OBs, along with HA and β-TCP powders, were suspended in physiologic saline, supplemented with bovine serum albumin, and the resulting suspensions subjected to ESA measurement as a function of physiologically relevant pH. These results were then input into the Hogg, Healy and Fuerstenau (HHF) model for interparticle stability, and the stability ratio calculated for each system (OB/HA and OB/β-TCP).
{"title":"In Vitro Stability Predictions of Osteoblast Interaction with Hydroxyapatite and β‐Tricalcium Phosphate","authors":"I. O. Smith, M. Soto, M. Baumann, L. McCabe","doi":"10.1002/9781118406069.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118406069.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"ζ-potential measurement as a function of pH has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in predicting the ability of implant materials to attach to bone, including hydroxyapatite (HA) and various Bioglasses. Based on these results, ζ-potential analysis as measured by Electrokinetic Sonic Amplitude (ESA), should also be a reliable predictor of bonding between bone forming cells (osteoblasts (OBs)) and calcium phosphate ceramics such as HA and β-tricalcium phosphate (p-TCP). OBs, and the matrix they synthesize are part of the biological portion of bone. This biological portion joins the mineral portion to make up complete bone. Therefore, to test the propensity for OB interaction with these ceramics, OBs, along with HA and β-TCP powders, were suspended in physiologic saline, supplemented with bovine serum albumin, and the resulting suspensions subjected to ESA measurement as a function of physiologically relevant pH. These results were then input into the Hogg, Healy and Fuerstenau (HHF) model for interparticle stability, and the stability ratio calculated for each system (OB/HA and OB/β-TCP).","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"32 1","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86856880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118408186.CH36
K. Uchino, S. Priya, Seyit O. Ural, A. V. Carazo, T. Ezaki
{"title":"High Power Piezoelectric Transformers ‐ their Applications to Smart Actuator Systems","authors":"K. Uchino, S. Priya, Seyit O. Ural, A. V. Carazo, T. Ezaki","doi":"10.1002/9781118408186.CH36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118408186.CH36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"42 1","pages":"383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86687326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118408100.CH2
T. Hartnett, Charles Warner, D. Fisher, Wayne L. Sunne
ALON ™ Optical Ceramic is a durable window material for UV, Visible and Mid IR window and dome applications. The mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of ALON products produced commercially by Surmet Corporation have been measured and this new data will be presented. Comparisons to previously measured data will be made. Optical quality, low scatter ALON having high strength that is nearly double previously reported has been made. Average strength values of 700 MPa at 21°C and 631 MPa at 500°C have been measured for ALON specimens prepared by precision surface finishing techniques. Polished optical domes tested have survived severe thermal shock tests. These strength levels are comparable to those for single crystal sapphire. Strength, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, refractive index, emissivity and absorption coefficient will be presented. The possible mechanisms for the increased strength will be discussed.
{"title":"Characterization of ALON™ optical ceramic","authors":"T. Hartnett, Charles Warner, D. Fisher, Wayne L. Sunne","doi":"10.1002/9781118408100.CH2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118408100.CH2","url":null,"abstract":"ALON ™ Optical Ceramic is a durable window material for UV, Visible and Mid IR window and dome applications. The mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of ALON products produced commercially by Surmet Corporation have been measured and this new data will be presented. Comparisons to previously measured data will be made. Optical quality, low scatter ALON having high strength that is nearly double previously reported has been made. Average strength values of 700 MPa at 21°C and 631 MPa at 500°C have been measured for ALON specimens prepared by precision surface finishing techniques. Polished optical domes tested have survived severe thermal shock tests. These strength levels are comparable to those for single crystal sapphire. Strength, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, refractive index, emissivity and absorption coefficient will be presented. The possible mechanisms for the increased strength will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"40 1","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118407899.CH2
L. J. Gilbert, T. Schuman, F. Doğan
In this work, we present the synthesis, characterization, and electrical performance of an epoxy/ barium titanate composite. First, the BaTiO 3 ceramic powder was examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and was found to be tetragonal in its crystal structure with a particle size of approximately 1μm and crystals of 57.7nm. It was then established the particles of BaTiO 3 could be well dispersed into an epoxy resin matrix using the common ceramic dispersant Menhaden fish oil, in 80/20 ratio by weight xylene to ethanol solvents, via ball milling. Films were synthesized in the geometry specified by ASTM D2149-97, and a dielectric constant of 13 and loss of 0.018 were achieved for composites with a volume filler concentration of 25%. The breakdown strength was 1243 kV/cm at a volume filler concentration of 7 % and decreased as the concentration of BaTiO 3 was increased. Energy densities were calculated assuming a linearly behaved composite and were found to be 0.26-0.36 J/cm 3 for specimens filled with 7 to 25 % barium titanate.
{"title":"Dielectric Powder/polymer Composites for High Energy Density Capacitors","authors":"L. J. Gilbert, T. Schuman, F. Doğan","doi":"10.1002/9781118407899.CH2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118407899.CH2","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the synthesis, characterization, and electrical performance of an epoxy/ barium titanate composite. First, the BaTiO 3 ceramic powder was examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and was found to be tetragonal in its crystal structure with a particle size of approximately 1μm and crystals of 57.7nm. It was then established the particles of BaTiO 3 could be well dispersed into an epoxy resin matrix using the common ceramic dispersant Menhaden fish oil, in 80/20 ratio by weight xylene to ethanol solvents, via ball milling. Films were synthesized in the geometry specified by ASTM D2149-97, and a dielectric constant of 13 and loss of 0.018 were achieved for composites with a volume filler concentration of 25%. The breakdown strength was 1243 kV/cm at a volume filler concentration of 7 % and decreased as the concentration of BaTiO 3 was increased. Energy densities were calculated assuming a linearly behaved composite and were found to be 0.26-0.36 J/cm 3 for specimens filled with 7 to 25 % barium titanate.","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"8 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88882666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.1002/9781118407974.CH4
Biprodas Dutta, N. A. Fahmy, I. Pegg
Electrical and optical properties of phosphate glasses containing multiple transition Ions have been studied In xP 2 O 5 - (100-x) (Fe 2 O 3 +MnO) (PFM) and xP 2 O 5 - [(100-x) (V 2 O 5 + MnO)] (PVM) glasses. DC conductivity results indicate that Mn Ions do not contribute to the conduction process. Small polarons, contributed by the reduced Fe and V Ions, have been identified to be the charge carriers in both glass systems. Although the activation energy for dc conduction, W, remains unchanged for all Fe concentrations in the PFM series, the resistivity shows an exponential increase when the concentration of Fe ions exceeds a critical value. In the PVM glasses, a decrease in the concentration of V Is accompanied with an Increase in W. However, as in the PFM system, an exponential Increase In resistivity was observed at a critical concentration of V Ions. The resistivity transition In these glasses has been tentatively explained by a (small) polaron to (small) bipolaron transition (PBT) which is supported by optical absorption data.
{"title":"Electrical and Optical Properties of Phosphate Glasses Containing Multiple Transition Ions","authors":"Biprodas Dutta, N. A. Fahmy, I. Pegg","doi":"10.1002/9781118407974.CH4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118407974.CH4","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical and optical properties of phosphate glasses containing multiple transition Ions have been studied In xP 2 O 5 - (100-x) (Fe 2 O 3 +MnO) (PFM) and xP 2 O 5 - [(100-x) (V 2 O 5 + MnO)] (PVM) glasses. DC conductivity results indicate that Mn Ions do not contribute to the conduction process. Small polarons, contributed by the reduced Fe and V Ions, have been identified to be the charge carriers in both glass systems. Although the activation energy for dc conduction, W, remains unchanged for all Fe concentrations in the PFM series, the resistivity shows an exponential increase when the concentration of Fe ions exceeds a critical value. In the PVM glasses, a decrease in the concentration of V Is accompanied with an Increase in W. However, as in the PFM system, an exponential Increase In resistivity was observed at a critical concentration of V Ions. The resistivity transition In these glasses has been tentatively explained by a (small) polaron to (small) bipolaron transition (PBT) which is supported by optical absorption data.","PeriodicalId":83360,"journal":{"name":"Transactions (English Ceramic Circle)","volume":"79 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83127232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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