Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico最新文献

We present the case of a 77-year-old man who came to the emergency room after a syncopal episode in the context of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia for which electrical cardioversion was performed. In order to determine the etiology of the ventricular arrhythmic event, a study of the coronary anatomy was carried out using invasive coronary angiography, observing coronary arteries without significant lesions, although, as a chance finding, a coronary anomaly was described, with absence of the main coronary artery, with independent exit of circumflex (Cx) and anterior descending (AD) arteries of the right coronary sinus, originating the AD and right coronary artery from the same coronary ostium. These findings were later confirmed by computed tomography with 3D reconstruction. In addition, an interarterial path of AD (between aorta and pulmonary artery) and an intramuscular path of AD were observed, as well as a retro-aortic path of Cx. Given these findings, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted as secondary prevention. Good subsequent evolution with home discharge without incident. We present this case to help better understand these disorders, since they currently constitute a diagnostic challenge, since in many cases it is a chance finding in complementary tests or even in autopsies. It is also a relatively frequent cause of cardiorespiratory arrest in young patients. Of the many anatomical variables that make up the group of coronary anomalies, there is little bibliographic information on this anomaly presented, without finding images similar to those reported in this case.

Objective: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of heart transplantation patients due to amyloidosis in a community institution.

Method: Descriptive case series of consecutive heart transplantation patients with amyloidosis in a medical center. All patients with diagnosis of amyloidosis with cardiac compromise receiving heart transplantation, performed in the period November 2008 to February 2021, were included in the analysis.

Results: A total of 16 patients were included. The mean age was 59.9 years (± 10.2). 81.25% (n = 13) were male. According to the type of amyloidosis, 12 patients were transplanted for AL amyloidosis and 4 for ATTR amyloidosis. The most frequent clinical presentations were left overload (50%) and cardiogenic shock (32%). The mean ejection fraction prior to transplantation was 43% (± 16), 14 of the 16 patients had right ventricular dysfunction. The most common finding on cardiac magnetic resonance was the diffuse subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement pattern, with cancellation of the blood pool. The heart transplantation gave 6 patients the chance to receive a bone marrow transplantation afterwards.

Conclusions: Heart transplantation has become an option for patients with heart failure due to AL and ATTR amyloidosis. In patients with AL amyloidosis, it might even allow bone marrow transplantation in a second stage.

Background: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the current treatment of choice in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The objective of the present study was to analyze the clinical and hemodynamic outcomes and the risk factors for mortality in a cardiovascular center in Colombia.

Methods: Cohort study, conducted between 2001 and 2019. All operated patients were included in the study. Risk factors associated with mortality were established by means of a multivariate regression using the COX method and survival was established using the Kaplan-Meier method. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Seventy-three patients were operated. Median age was 51 years, 55% of females, 79% had functional Class III and IV. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 50 mmHg and 640 dyn.s.cm-5 for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). After the intervention, there was a decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (p ≤ 0.001) and in PVR (p = 0.357); 21% had evidence of residual pulmonary hypertension. Only 8% and 6% continued with functional Class III and IV at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There were 15 deaths (19.1%; 12% at 30 days). The factors associated with mortality were the diastolic diameter of the right ventricle measured postoperatively (hazard ratio [HR] 10.88 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97-62, p = 0.007), time of invasive mechanical ventilation (HR 1.06 95% CI 1.02-1.09 p = 0.004), and the presence of complications during the surgical procedure (HR 5.62 95% CI 1.94-16.22 p = 0.001).

Conclusions: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is associated with excellent clinical and hemodynamic outcomes. The mortality risk factors found are not those usually described in the literature.

Objective: We evaluated whether cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene polymorphisms are associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or restenosis in patients with coronary stent.

Methods: Two polymorphisms of the CETP gene [-971 A/G (rs4783961), and Taq1B A/G (rs708272)] were genotyped by 5'exonuclease TaqMan assays in 219 patients with CAD (66 patients with restenosis and 153 without restenosis) and 607 control individuals.

Results: The distribution of polymorphisms was similar in patients with and without restenosis. However, when the whole group of patients (with and without restenosis) was compared to healthy controls, under dominant model, the G allele of the Taq1B A/G polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, pCDom = 0.032). In the same way, under codominant, dominant, and additive models, the A allele of the -971 A/G polymorphisms was associated with an increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 2.03, pCCo-dom = 0.022, OR = 1.83, pCDom = 0.008, and OR = 1.39, pCAdd = 0.011, respectively). In addition, the linkage disequilibrium showed that the "AG" haplotype was associated with increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.28, p = 0.03).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CETP Taq1B A/G and CETP -971 A/G polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing CAD, but no association with restenosis was observed.

Objective: Compare disease beliefs and medication beliefs with adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension without diabetes mellitus.

Method: Comparative transverse design in hypertensive population, a group of 137 adherent patients and a group of 129 non-adherent patients. The beliefs of the disease and beliefs about the medication were evaluated. The statistical analysis included chi squared, odds ratio and confidence interval for odds ratio.

Results: In the group of adherent patients, 71.5% have an adequate belief of the disease and in the group of non-adherent patients, 43.4% also have an adequate belief of the disease (p = 0.000). When the belief of the disease and beliefs about the medication are grouped, there is an association with adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients.

Conclusions: There is an association between beliefs about the disease and medication with adherence to antihypertensive treatment.

Objetives: To assess if patients with Chagasic heart disease (CHD) received effective automatic implantable defibrillator (AID) shocks earlier than patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with CHD and IHD who received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) between 2009 and 2018, in a tertiary hospital. We evaluated the time between the implant of ICD and the first effective shock in patients with CHD and compared it with the IHD control population.

Results: We included a total of 64 patients, 20 with CHD and 44 with IHD. CHD patients presented earlier an effective shock than patients with IHD during the first year (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.4; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.09-34.02; p = 0.0027), and at three years (HR: 4.61; 95%CI: 1.51-14.07; p = 0.0072). 100% of CHD patients who received the ICD as secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death presented an effective shock during the first 26 months of follow-up.

Conclusions: Patients with CHD received effective ICD shocks earlier than the IHD patients. All patients with CHD and ICD as secondary prevention had an appropriate ICD shock at short term, representing the highest risk population, and supporting the indication of the device in a setting where randomized clinical trials are lacking.

Objective: To know the epidemiological behavior and associations of AF in Mexican population.

Material and methods: 8,686 patients from 38 cardiologists participating in REMECAR were analyzed. They were divided by gender and age, the comorbidities studied were obesity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), high blood pressure (HBP), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia,stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypothyroidism, heart failure (HF) and ischemicheart disease (IHD). Program used: IBM SPSS Statistic.

Results: AF was diagnosed in 498 patients (5.7%), with higher prevalence in men (6.1% vs. 5.3%) and older age in women (74.3 ± 12.1 vs. 70.5 + -12.3 years, p<0.0001). In those under 60 years, AF was associated in women with HF, in men with CKD, DM, stroke, hypothyroidism and HF. In women older than 60 years, AF was associated with CKD, dyslipidemia, stroke, chronic COPD and HF, in men with CKD, stroke, COPD, hypothyroidism, HF and IHD. AF in women increase the probability 1.13 for obesity, 1.13 for HBP, 2.8 for CKD, 2.9 for COPD, 4.3 for stroke and 6.5 for HF, in men increase the probability 1.05 for HBP, 1.4 for DM, 2.1 for CKD, 2.4 for COPD, 3.0 for hypothyroidism, 4.7 for stroke and 6.0 for HF.

Conclusions: AF is a very common arrhythmia, with a higher prevalence in patients attending the cardiology consultation, in men and with an older age of presentation in women. The older the age, the higher the prevalence of AF and comorbidities, HF is the most frequent condition associated with AF.