Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2222034
B. Miller, C. LA FARGE
{"title":"Yukon ice patches: Bryophyte generation from ancient ice-entombed assemblages","authors":"B. Miller, C. LA FARGE","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2023.2222034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2222034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43694597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-244-263
N. Shefer, T. Blyakharchuk, S. Loiko, L. Shumilovskikh, I. I. Gureyeva
The global climate change and significantly increased anthropogenic pressure on the Arctic and Subarctic regions require modern ecosystem monitoring and understanding of the past environmental changes. Vegetation history is reflected by pollen spectra recorded in peat deposits, investigation of which is one of the main methods in the research of long-term climatic changes. In order to reconstruct the vegetation and fire history of today’s south tundra in the lower reaches of the Taz river, we carried out palynological exploration of peat and underlying lake sediments covering the last 11.2 cal ka BP in the Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia). In the course of the research, we found 31 pollen taxa, 4 taxa of spore plants, 2 types of fungal spores, one species of shell amoeba and green algae. We have identified several stages in the development of the local wetland biocenosis at the study site and reconstructed the history of changes in the vegetation cover of the region, including changes in the composition of the woody vegetation. Grasslands, with groups of trees among thickets of shrubs and lake-mire complexes dominated in the study area by 11.2 cal ka BP. The grasslands were gradually supplemented by wet grass communities, which were then replaced by swamps and tundra complexes in the mid-Holocene. The time periods of the local fires have been established. The fire that had the greatest effect on the vegetation at the study site was detected in the period of 8.1 cal ka BP. We have revealed periods of the least fire activity – 7.6–5.5 cal ka BP and the highest fire activity – 12.5–8 cal ka BP.
全球气候变化和北极和亚北极地区显著增加的人为压力要求对过去的环境变化进行现代生态系统监测和理解。泥炭沉积物中记录的花粉谱反映了植被历史，是研究长期气候变化的主要方法之一。为了重建塔兹河下游南部冻土带现今的植被和火灾历史，我们对俄罗斯亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区塔佐夫斯基地区11.2 cal ka BP的泥炭和下伏湖泊沉积物进行了孢粉学探测。在研究过程中，我们发现了31个花粉分类群，4个孢子植物分类群，2种真菌孢子，1种壳变形虫和绿藻。我们确定了研究地点当地湿地生物群落发展的几个阶段，并重建了该地区植被覆盖的变化历史，包括木本植被组成的变化。在11.2 cal ka BP，研究区以草地为主，灌木灌丛中以乔木群为主，湖沼复合体为主。在全新世中期，草地逐渐被湿草群落所补充，然后被沼泽和冻土带复合体所取代。当地火灾发生的时间已经确定。对研究点植被影响最大的火灾发生在8.1 cal ka BP。我们发现了火灾活动最少的时期(7.6-5.5 cal ka BP)和最高的时期(12.5-8 cal ka BP)。
{"title":"History of vegetation and fires in the Arctic part of the Pur-Taz interfluve in the Holocene","authors":"N. Shefer, T. Blyakharchuk, S. Loiko, L. Shumilovskikh, I. I. Gureyeva","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-244-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-244-263","url":null,"abstract":"The global climate change and significantly increased anthropogenic pressure on the Arctic and Subarctic regions require modern ecosystem monitoring and understanding of the past environmental changes. Vegetation history is reflected by pollen spectra recorded in peat deposits, investigation of which is one of the main methods in the research of long-term climatic changes. In order to reconstruct the vegetation and fire history of today’s south tundra in the lower reaches of the Taz river, we carried out palynological exploration of peat and underlying lake sediments covering the last 11.2 cal ka BP in the Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia). In the course of the research, we found 31 pollen taxa, 4 taxa of spore plants, 2 types of fungal spores, one species of shell amoeba and green algae. We have identified several stages in the development of the local wetland biocenosis at the study site and reconstructed the history of changes in the vegetation cover of the region, including changes in the composition of the woody vegetation. Grasslands, with groups of trees among thickets of shrubs and lake-mire complexes dominated in the study area by 11.2 cal ka BP. The grasslands were gradually supplemented by wet grass communities, which were then replaced by swamps and tundra complexes in the mid-Holocene. The time periods of the local fires have been established. The fire that had the greatest effect on the vegetation at the study site was detected in the period of 8.1 cal ka BP. We have revealed periods of the least fire activity – 7.6–5.5 cal ka BP and the highest fire activity – 12.5–8 cal ka BP.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89914570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-124-140
D. Bolshiyanov, V. Sokolov, B. S. Pogrebov, B. Y. Nafikov, A. Krylov
The aim of the article is to characterize the current and ancient environmental conditions in the area around a new AARI meteorological station, located in the west of the Khara-Tumus Peninsula (73° 49' 39,5'' N 109° 39' 13,5'' E) on the Khatanga Bay of the Laptev Sea. The Khastyr meteorological station was organized in 2016, and for the moment a 6-year (2017–2022) series of hydrometeorological observations has been performed. The average annual temperature at the station is –11.7 °C. The maximum temperature is 31.8 °C, the minimum temperature is –47.3 °C. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is 238 mm. The wind blows from west to east or from east to west during most of the year. The maximum wind speed is 28 m/sec, the average wind speed is 5,4 m/sec. The ice cover in the Khatanga Bay disappears in the second part of July and forms again in September-October. The winter lasts here for 9 months of the year.The geological, geomorphological and permafrost structure along the shoreline near the station is investigated.The cliff consists of marine sediments of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. The IR-OSL dating of the sands from the cliff’s basement shows that the sediments are 206 000 year old. The marine sediments, including Karginsky deposits with wood and amber, dated by the radiocarbon method and shown to be 42 000 year old (45 000 calendar year old), are covered by Ice Complex sediments, the mammal bones from which have a radiocarbon age of 32 thousand years (36 thousand calendar years). The saiga (Saiga tatarica) bones found near the Taimyr Peninsula for the first time have a radiocarbon age of 17 thousand 14C years (22 thousand calendar years).Permafrost processes are very active in this area of typical tundra. Therefore, a testing plot for investigating permafrost processes was organized on the territory of the station. Also, this place is very convenient for investigating coastal erosion processes. The Khastyr station can be used as a point for organizing complex studies of the natural environment in a typical tundra on the shore of Khatanga Bay.
{"title":"Contemporary and ancient environmental conditions in the area of the AARI meteorological station Khastyr on Khatanga Bay on Hara-Tumus Peninsular","authors":"D. Bolshiyanov, V. Sokolov, B. S. Pogrebov, B. Y. Nafikov, A. Krylov","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-124-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-124-140","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to characterize the current and ancient environmental conditions in the area around a new AARI meteorological station, located in the west of the Khara-Tumus Peninsula (73° 49' 39,5'' N 109° 39' 13,5'' E) on the Khatanga Bay of the Laptev Sea. The Khastyr meteorological station was organized in 2016, and for the moment a 6-year (2017–2022) series of hydrometeorological observations has been performed. The average annual temperature at the station is –11.7 °C. The maximum temperature is 31.8 °C, the minimum temperature is –47.3 °C. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is 238 mm. The wind blows from west to east or from east to west during most of the year. The maximum wind speed is 28 m/sec, the average wind speed is 5,4 m/sec. The ice cover in the Khatanga Bay disappears in the second part of July and forms again in September-October. The winter lasts here for 9 months of the year.The geological, geomorphological and permafrost structure along the shoreline near the station is investigated.The cliff consists of marine sediments of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. The IR-OSL dating of the sands from the cliff’s basement shows that the sediments are 206 000 year old. The marine sediments, including Karginsky deposits with wood and amber, dated by the radiocarbon method and shown to be 42 000 year old (45 000 calendar year old), are covered by Ice Complex sediments, the mammal bones from which have a radiocarbon age of 32 thousand years (36 thousand calendar years). The saiga (Saiga tatarica) bones found near the Taimyr Peninsula for the first time have a radiocarbon age of 17 thousand 14C years (22 thousand calendar years).Permafrost processes are very active in this area of typical tundra. Therefore, a testing plot for investigating permafrost processes was organized on the territory of the station. Also, this place is very convenient for investigating coastal erosion processes. The Khastyr station can be used as a point for organizing complex studies of the natural environment in a typical tundra on the shore of Khatanga Bay.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78243272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-171-190
D. Magritsky, S. Chalov, E. Garmaev, K. Prokopeva, E. A. Krastyn
Field hydrological measurements were performed in the Lena River delta from the 10th to the 16th of August 2022. 25 values of water discharge and 58 suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were measured, multiple chemical composition water samples were taken, along with samples of bottom and bank river sediments, and thermal abrasion coasts were highlighted. Particle size and chemical composition analyses of the sediment samples were carried out. The aim of the study was to estimate the water flow distribution in the delta and to determine the directional SSC, sediment particle size and chemical composition changes along the delta and inside the depth of the river flow, and define the roles of the local hydrological and morphological factors of river flow transformation. Moreover, field measurements are crucial for SSC estimation and monitoring based on satellite image data. The laboratory analyses included particle size definition in suspended and bottom sediment samples, organic matter and SSC definition. The August 2022 expedition results were compared to the previous surveys. It was established that the flow distribution around the Stolb island corresponds with that of 2016: the Bykovsky, Trophimovsky, Tumatsky and Oleneksky branches receive 24.9–25.5, 58–59.2, 6 and 6.6 % of the water discharge from the Kusur gauging station on the Lena River, respectively. However, the role of the Main channel was slightly overestimated. The new data includes water discharges in the branches around the Samoilovsky island and in the channel systems of the Oleneksky and Tumatsky branches. SSC was relatively low and amounted to around 12–24 mg/l, rising from the water surface to the bottom 1.2–2 times. SSC decreased along the course of the Oleneksky and Tumatsky branches (1.5 and 1.1 times, respectively) due to the ratio between SSC and the potential stream transport capacity. SSC rose along the course of the Bykovsky branch, even though it wasn’t shown by the Landsat-8 satellite image (16th of August 2022). A significant sediment source in the delta are eroded and thermo eroded shores of the edoma island systems. The average sediment size proved to be from 0.011 to 0.019 mm. SSC does not vary much around the main channel and the nearest branches. Important relations between SSC, optical turbidity and ADCP backscatter intensity were estimated. The coarse diameter of 30 bottom sediment samples was 0.46 mm. The largest sediments were discovered in the Bykovsky branch, while the smallest sediments were found in the smaller transverse branches. Along the Tumatsky and Oleneksky branches the bottom sediments alternate from fine to medium sands.
{"title":"New data on the transformation of water and sediment runoff into the Lena river delta based on the results of expedition measurements in August 2022","authors":"D. Magritsky, S. Chalov, E. Garmaev, K. Prokopeva, E. A. Krastyn","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-171-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-171-190","url":null,"abstract":"Field hydrological measurements were performed in the Lena River delta from the 10th to the 16th of August 2022. 25 values of water discharge and 58 suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were measured, multiple chemical composition water samples were taken, along with samples of bottom and bank river sediments, and thermal abrasion coasts were highlighted. Particle size and chemical composition analyses of the sediment samples were carried out. The aim of the study was to estimate the water flow distribution in the delta and to determine the directional SSC, sediment particle size and chemical composition changes along the delta and inside the depth of the river flow, and define the roles of the local hydrological and morphological factors of river flow transformation. Moreover, field measurements are crucial for SSC estimation and monitoring based on satellite image data. The laboratory analyses included particle size definition in suspended and bottom sediment samples, organic matter and SSC definition. The August 2022 expedition results were compared to the previous surveys. It was established that the flow distribution around the Stolb island corresponds with that of 2016: the Bykovsky, Trophimovsky, Tumatsky and Oleneksky branches receive 24.9–25.5, 58–59.2, 6 and 6.6 % of the water discharge from the Kusur gauging station on the Lena River, respectively. However, the role of the Main channel was slightly overestimated. The new data includes water discharges in the branches around the Samoilovsky island and in the channel systems of the Oleneksky and Tumatsky branches. SSC was relatively low and amounted to around 12–24 mg/l, rising from the water surface to the bottom 1.2–2 times. SSC decreased along the course of the Oleneksky and Tumatsky branches (1.5 and 1.1 times, respectively) due to the ratio between SSC and the potential stream transport capacity. SSC rose along the course of the Bykovsky branch, even though it wasn’t shown by the Landsat-8 satellite image (16th of August 2022). A significant sediment source in the delta are eroded and thermo eroded shores of the edoma island systems. The average sediment size proved to be from 0.011 to 0.019 mm. SSC does not vary much around the main channel and the nearest branches. Important relations between SSC, optical turbidity and ADCP backscatter intensity were estimated. The coarse diameter of 30 bottom sediment samples was 0.46 mm. The largest sediments were discovered in the Bykovsky branch, while the smallest sediments were found in the smaller transverse branches. Along the Tumatsky and Oleneksky branches the bottom sediments alternate from fine to medium sands.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72743847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-191-205
I. Bychkova, E. Platonova, V. Smirnov
Given the availability of data, in order to monitor icebergs in the vast Arctic region, it is necessary to ensure an optimal ratio of the satellite radar data cost (with a wide swath and high spatial resolution) and the reliability of the results obtained. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using only non-commercial satellite information for monitoring icebergs. To achieve this goal, an iceberg detection technique was applied based on statistical criteria of searching for gradient zones in analyzing two-dimensional fields of satellite images. As a source of information, we used high spatial resolution satellite data obtained from non – commercial satellites Sentinel-1 (radar data) and Landsat-8 (visible spectral range data) with a pixel size of 40 × 20 and 15 m, respectively.Through comparison with the data of the visible spectral range of ultra-high resolution, the error was estimated of measuring the size of icebergs using the visible range equipment of the Landsat-8 satellite and the radar of the Sentinel-1 satellite. Based on the analysis of satellite data of the visible spectral range and radar data, the spatial dimensions of icebergs formed by the outlet glaciers of Franz Josef Land n 2020–2022 were estimated. The materials were collected for the period August-September, corresponding to the conditions of minimum ice extent in the Franz Josef Land area and sufficient natural illumination for using the data of the visible spectral range in the Arctic. In total, about 100 satellite images were analyzed. The sources of error in the satellite measurements are discussed, as well as the reasons for the impossibility in some cases to identify Franz Josef Land icebergs on radar images. It is shown that the largest contribution to the iceberg runoff of Franz Josef Land is made by outflow glaciers located on Georg Land, Wilczek Land, Gall, Salisbury and Champa islands. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that radar data with a pixel size of 40 m allow one to obtain essentially reliable information on the spatial distribution of icebergs in the water area. However, it is not possible to obtain a reliable function of the distribution of icebergs by size since most of the icebergs in the Franz Josef Land water area have small and medium sizes and are rarely identified in images of such spatial resolution.
考虑到数据的可获得性，为了监测广阔的北极地区的冰山，有必要确保卫星雷达数据成本的最佳比例(具有宽幅和高空间分辨率)和获得的结果的可靠性。这项研究的目的是评估仅使用非商业卫星信息监测冰山的有效性。为了实现这一目标，在分析卫星图像二维场时，采用了基于梯度带搜索统计准则的冰山探测技术。作为信息来源，我们使用非商用卫星Sentinel-1(雷达数据)和Landsat-8(可见光谱距离数据)获得的高空间分辨率卫星数据，像素尺寸分别为40 × 20和15 m。通过与超高分辨率可见光波段数据的对比，估计了利用Landsat-8卫星可见光波段设备和Sentinel-1卫星雷达测量冰山尺寸的误差。基于可见光波段卫星数据和雷达数据的分析，估算了Franz Josef Land出口冰川在2020-2022年形成的冰山的空间维度。资料收集的时间为8 - 9月，对应于Franz Josef Land地区最小冰面积和充足自然光照的条件，可以使用北极可见光谱范围的数据。总共分析了大约100张卫星图像。讨论了卫星测量误差的来源，以及在某些情况下无法在雷达图像上识别弗朗茨约瑟夫岛冰山的原因。研究表明，弗朗茨约瑟夫地冰山径流的最大贡献是位于乔治岛、威尔切克岛、加尔岛、索尔兹伯里岛和昌帕岛的流出冰川。根据研究结果，得出的结论是，40 m像元大小的雷达数据可以获得有关该水域冰山空间分布的基本可靠信息。然而，由于Franz Josef Land水域的冰山大多数都是中小型冰山，在这种空间分辨率的图像中很少被识别出来，因此无法通过尺寸获得可靠的冰山分布函数。
{"title":"Features of the joint use of visible-range satellite and satellite radar data for monitoring arctic icebergs based on data from Franz Josef Land area","authors":"I. Bychkova, E. Platonova, V. Smirnov","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-191-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-191-205","url":null,"abstract":"Given the availability of data, in order to monitor icebergs in the vast Arctic region, it is necessary to ensure an optimal ratio of the satellite radar data cost (with a wide swath and high spatial resolution) and the reliability of the results obtained. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using only non-commercial satellite information for monitoring icebergs. To achieve this goal, an iceberg detection technique was applied based on statistical criteria of searching for gradient zones in analyzing two-dimensional fields of satellite images. As a source of information, we used high spatial resolution satellite data obtained from non – commercial satellites Sentinel-1 (radar data) and Landsat-8 (visible spectral range data) with a pixel size of 40 × 20 and 15 m, respectively.Through comparison with the data of the visible spectral range of ultra-high resolution, the error was estimated of measuring the size of icebergs using the visible range equipment of the Landsat-8 satellite and the radar of the Sentinel-1 satellite. Based on the analysis of satellite data of the visible spectral range and radar data, the spatial dimensions of icebergs formed by the outlet glaciers of Franz Josef Land n 2020–2022 were estimated. The materials were collected for the period August-September, corresponding to the conditions of minimum ice extent in the Franz Josef Land area and sufficient natural illumination for using the data of the visible spectral range in the Arctic. In total, about 100 satellite images were analyzed. The sources of error in the satellite measurements are discussed, as well as the reasons for the impossibility in some cases to identify Franz Josef Land icebergs on radar images. It is shown that the largest contribution to the iceberg runoff of Franz Josef Land is made by outflow glaciers located on Georg Land, Wilczek Land, Gall, Salisbury and Champa islands. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that radar data with a pixel size of 40 m allow one to obtain essentially reliable information on the spatial distribution of icebergs in the water area. However, it is not possible to obtain a reliable function of the distribution of icebergs by size since most of the icebergs in the Franz Josef Land water area have small and medium sizes and are rarely identified in images of such spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82437537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-141-156
I. A. Ilyushchenkova, A. Korzhikov, B. Ivanov
The article presents research findings of meteorological conditions during the formation of extreme surface air temperature (SAT) in the cold period from October to May in the Barentsburg area, the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) archipelago. Six extremely cold periods and six extremely warm periods for the weather sequence from 1912 to 2022 are considered. Correlation coefficients of extreme SAT in Barentsburg with extreme SAT in the points of Longyearbyen, Hornsund, Isfjord Radio, Pyramiden, Nu-Alesund, located in the west of Spitzbergen (Svalbard), were calculated. Also, characteristics of atmospheric circulation at the surface level, the level of the geopotential surface 500 hPa and 700 hPa and air temperature anomalies are analyzed, the results of comparing atmospheric circulation indices NAO and AO in the formation of extreme SAT are presented. Characteristic localizations of the polar vortex were found during the formation of negative and positive anomalies of SAT. For cold periods with extremely low temperatures, the localization of the polar vortex in the northeast of the Kara Sea and Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is observed. At the surface level the baric trough from the Atlantic depression is shifted to the coast of Scandinavia and the southern part of the Barents Sea. The Svalbard region is under the influence of the periphery of the anticyclonic field over the Arctic basin, Greenland, over the western Arctic Seas, conditions are formed for the deviation of SAT by 3–4 degrees below normal. In the case of extremely high SAT, the polar vortex is shifted to the eastern part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Baffin Sea. At the surface level, the baric trough from the Icelandic depression develops over the Greenland, Norwegian and Barents Seas, which leads to the moving of warm air masses from the Atlantic to polar latitudes and the formation of average SAT in the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) region above long-term values by 1–2 degrees. The estimates of macroprocesses obtained can be used for preparing long-term forecasts for the northern polar region and detailing them for the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) region.
{"title":"Some patterns of formation of extreme surface air temperature in the area of the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) archipelago during the cold period","authors":"I. A. Ilyushchenkova, A. Korzhikov, B. Ivanov","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-141-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-141-156","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents research findings of meteorological conditions during the formation of extreme surface air temperature (SAT) in the cold period from October to May in the Barentsburg area, the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) archipelago. Six extremely cold periods and six extremely warm periods for the weather sequence from 1912 to 2022 are considered. Correlation coefficients of extreme SAT in Barentsburg with extreme SAT in the points of Longyearbyen, Hornsund, Isfjord Radio, Pyramiden, Nu-Alesund, located in the west of Spitzbergen (Svalbard), were calculated. Also, characteristics of atmospheric circulation at the surface level, the level of the geopotential surface 500 hPa and 700 hPa and air temperature anomalies are analyzed, the results of comparing atmospheric circulation indices NAO and AO in the formation of extreme SAT are presented. Characteristic localizations of the polar vortex were found during the formation of negative and positive anomalies of SAT. For cold periods with extremely low temperatures, the localization of the polar vortex in the northeast of the Kara Sea and Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is observed. At the surface level the baric trough from the Atlantic depression is shifted to the coast of Scandinavia and the southern part of the Barents Sea. The Svalbard region is under the influence of the periphery of the anticyclonic field over the Arctic basin, Greenland, over the western Arctic Seas, conditions are formed for the deviation of SAT by 3–4 degrees below normal. In the case of extremely high SAT, the polar vortex is shifted to the eastern part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Baffin Sea. At the surface level, the baric trough from the Icelandic depression develops over the Greenland, Norwegian and Barents Seas, which leads to the moving of warm air masses from the Atlantic to polar latitudes and the formation of average SAT in the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) region above long-term values by 1–2 degrees. The estimates of macroprocesses obtained can be used for preparing long-term forecasts for the northern polar region and detailing them for the Spitzbergen (Svalbard) region.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84258694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-114-123
V. Zuev, E. Savelieva, A. Pavlinsky, E. A. Maslennikova
The dynamic barrier of the polar vortex contributes to lowering the temperature inside the vortex in the lower stratosphere and prevents the penetration of air masses into the vortex. The presence of a dynamic barrier during winter is one of the criteria determining the possibility of ozone depletion from late winter to spring. We considered the dynamics of the Arctic polar vortex in the winters of 2014/2015 and 2020/2021 at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels by the vortex delineation method using the geopotential. In early January 2015 and 2021, sudden stratospheric warmings were recorded as a result of the splitting (4 January 2015) and the significant displacement (5 January 2021) of the polar vortex. In both cases, the weakening of the dynamic barrier of the polar vortex was observed. The polar vortex is characterized by the presence of a dynamic barrier, when the wind speed along the entire edge of the vortex is more than 20, 24 and 30 m/s at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively. A decrease in the average wind speed along the vortex edge below 30, 36 and 45 m/s, at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively, usually indicates a local decrease in the wind speed below 20, 24 and 30 m/s at these levels, i.e., indirectly indicates a weakening of the dynamic barrier.
{"title":"Arctic polar vortex dynamics during winters 2014/2015 and 2020/2021","authors":"V. Zuev, E. Savelieva, A. Pavlinsky, E. A. Maslennikova","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-114-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-114-123","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic barrier of the polar vortex contributes to lowering the temperature inside the vortex in the lower stratosphere and prevents the penetration of air masses into the vortex. The presence of a dynamic barrier during winter is one of the criteria determining the possibility of ozone depletion from late winter to spring. We considered the dynamics of the Arctic polar vortex in the winters of 2014/2015 and 2020/2021 at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels by the vortex delineation method using the geopotential. In early January 2015 and 2021, sudden stratospheric warmings were recorded as a result of the splitting (4 January 2015) and the significant displacement (5 January 2021) of the polar vortex. In both cases, the weakening of the dynamic barrier of the polar vortex was observed. The polar vortex is characterized by the presence of a dynamic barrier, when the wind speed along the entire edge of the vortex is more than 20, 24 and 30 m/s at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively. A decrease in the average wind speed along the vortex edge below 30, 36 and 45 m/s, at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively, usually indicates a local decrease in the wind speed below 20, 24 and 30 m/s at these levels, i.e., indirectly indicates a weakening of the dynamic barrier.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78950850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-228-243
D. Karlov, O. D. Bolshiyanova, N. N. Laschinsky, A. Belimov
In connection with climate change and the development of natural resources in the Arctic, increasingly relevant is the problem of revealing the response of tundra vegetation to various natural and anthropogenic impacts, as well as the search for indicators for developing a system of monitoring the state of ecosystems in the Far North. The aim of this work was to describe the floristic composition and structure of plant communities, as well as to search for relationships between agrochemical indicators of soils and the species composition of plants in certain key sites of the Lena River Delta. A total of ten key sites of the Lena delta were studied. Agrochemical analysis of the soil samples was performed using standard methods. The content of biogenic and abiogenic elements was measured using an emission spectrometer. The relationship between the soil parameters and floristic composition was studied using cluster analysis. It was shown that the clustering of sites by standard agrochemical indicators was weakly expressed, while in terms of the content of elements in the mineralized samples and in water extracts the sites were grouped into two clusters at the level of 40 %÷60 % of the differences. The clustering of sites by plant species composition was very weak, and it was not possible to identify clusters with high or medium level of similarity, nor was it possible to detect similarity between cluster diagrams constructed by soil parameters and by plant species composition. As a result of the study, it is shown that the species composition of vascular plants weakly correlates with the properties of the soils of the key sites. The individual features identified manifest themselves in the form of trends and no clear patterns of interrelation of vegetation and soil parameters are discerned.
{"title":"Study of the relationship between agrochemical indicators of soils and species composition of plants in some sites of the Lena River Delta, Northern Yakutia","authors":"D. Karlov, O. D. Bolshiyanova, N. N. Laschinsky, A. Belimov","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-228-243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-228-243","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with climate change and the development of natural resources in the Arctic, increasingly relevant is the problem of revealing the response of tundra vegetation to various natural and anthropogenic impacts, as well as the search for indicators for developing a system of monitoring the state of ecosystems in the Far North. The aim of this work was to describe the floristic composition and structure of plant communities, as well as to search for relationships between agrochemical indicators of soils and the species composition of plants in certain key sites of the Lena River Delta. A total of ten key sites of the Lena delta were studied. Agrochemical analysis of the soil samples was performed using standard methods. The content of biogenic and abiogenic elements was measured using an emission spectrometer. The relationship between the soil parameters and floristic composition was studied using cluster analysis. It was shown that the clustering of sites by standard agrochemical indicators was weakly expressed, while in terms of the content of elements in the mineralized samples and in water extracts the sites were grouped into two clusters at the level of 40 %÷60 % of the differences. The clustering of sites by plant species composition was very weak, and it was not possible to identify clusters with high or medium level of similarity, nor was it possible to detect similarity between cluster diagrams constructed by soil parameters and by plant species composition. As a result of the study, it is shown that the species composition of vascular plants weakly correlates with the properties of the soils of the key sites. The individual features identified manifest themselves in the form of trends and no clear patterns of interrelation of vegetation and soil parameters are discerned.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79236073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-206-227
О. Rudenko, Е. Taldenkova, H. Bauch, Ya. S. Оvsepyan
The palynological method was used to study a 455 cm thick marine sediment sequence, which overlies the Moscovian moraine in the Bychye-2 section on the Pyoza River (Arkhangel’sk region). The pollen records obtained allowed us to make a palynozonal subdivision of the section and to trace the plant cover transformations that occurred in the northeastern White Sea region during the Boreal transgression. When comparing the established local palynozones with the regional subdivisions of the reference sections Bychye-1, located 5 km upstream on the Pyoza River from the Bychye-2 site, and Peski on the Karelian Isthmus, we also employed the methods of correlation and event palynostratigraphy. It has been found that the marine sediments in the Bychye-2 section accumulated from the end of the Moscovian glaciation (~ 131 ka BP) until ~ 119,5 ka BP. The seven local palynozones established in the Bychye-2 section indicate a consistent change in climatic conditions and vegetational feedbacks. The main trend is the rapid displacement of Arctic-type shrub-herbaceous communities by pine-birch forests at the very beginning of the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial and the subsequent rise in the proportion of dark coniferous elements in the forests due to the growing humidity of the climate in the course of the transgression. A significant warming of the climate led to the emergence of thermophilic deciduous plants (oak, elm, hazel, and possibly even hornbeam) in the forests of the region. The predominance of pine-birch forests and the disappearance of all thermo- and hygrophilic elements of the vegetation followed the deterioration of climatic conditions during the final stage of the Mikulinian interglacial.
孢粉学方法用于研究Pyoza河(Arkhangel 'sk地区)Bychye-2段莫斯科冰碛上455 cm厚的海洋沉积物序列。获得的花粉记录使我们能够对剖面进行孢粉分区细分，并追溯了北纬海侵期间白海东北部地区发生的植物覆盖变化。将已建立的孢粉带与参考剖面Bychye-1(位于Pyoza河上游5 km处)和Peski(位于Karelian地峡)的区域细分进行比较时，我们还采用了对比和事件孢粉地层学方法。研究发现，白溪-2剖面的海相沉积物从莫斯科冰期结束(~ 131 ka BP)到~ 119.5 ka BP积累。在白溪2段建立的7个局部孢粉带表明了气候条件和植被反馈的一致变化。主要趋势是在mikulian (Eemian)间冰期初期，北极型灌木-草本群落被松桦林迅速取代，随后由于海侵过程中气候湿度的增加，深色针叶林元素在森林中的比例上升。气候的显著变暖导致该地区森林中出现了嗜热的落叶植物(橡树、榆树、榛子，甚至可能还有角木)。在米库良间冰期的最后阶段，气候条件的恶化导致了松桦林的优势和植被中所有亲热、亲水元素的消失。
{"title":"New data on the palynostratigraphy of the Mikulinian (Eemian) deposits in the lower reaches of the Pyoza River (northeastern White Sea region)","authors":"О. Rudenko, Е. Taldenkova, H. Bauch, Ya. S. Оvsepyan","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-206-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-206-227","url":null,"abstract":"The palynological method was used to study a 455 cm thick marine sediment sequence, which overlies the Moscovian moraine in the Bychye-2 section on the Pyoza River (Arkhangel’sk region). The pollen records obtained allowed us to make a palynozonal subdivision of the section and to trace the plant cover transformations that occurred in the northeastern White Sea region during the Boreal transgression. When comparing the established local palynozones with the regional subdivisions of the reference sections Bychye-1, located 5 km upstream on the Pyoza River from the Bychye-2 site, and Peski on the Karelian Isthmus, we also employed the methods of correlation and event palynostratigraphy. It has been found that the marine sediments in the Bychye-2 section accumulated from the end of the Moscovian glaciation (~ 131 ka BP) until ~ 119,5 ka BP. The seven local palynozones established in the Bychye-2 section indicate a consistent change in climatic conditions and vegetational feedbacks. The main trend is the rapid displacement of Arctic-type shrub-herbaceous communities by pine-birch forests at the very beginning of the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial and the subsequent rise in the proportion of dark coniferous elements in the forests due to the growing humidity of the climate in the course of the transgression. A significant warming of the climate led to the emergence of thermophilic deciduous plants (oak, elm, hazel, and possibly even hornbeam) in the forests of the region. The predominance of pine-birch forests and the disappearance of all thermo- and hygrophilic elements of the vegetation followed the deterioration of climatic conditions during the final stage of the Mikulinian interglacial.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89924928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-157-170
K. Romashova, R. Chernov
The paper discusses periglacial lakes, which were formed after the Little Ice Age due to the reduction of Spitzbergen (Svalbard) glaciation. A method for inventorying the periglacial lakes in Spitzbergen (Svalbard) is proposed based on the Norwegian Polar Institute cartographic materials and remote sensing methods. Such lakes have been formed due to deglaciation in Svalbard since the beginning of the 20th century after the Little Ice Age. Three morphological features of the periglacial lake were used as selection criteria: the lake is in contact with the glacier, the lake is located within the terminal moraine or borders on it, each of which is sufficient.As a result of the inventory, 705 periglacial lakes have been found in Spitzbergen (Svalbard). The largest number of lakes is located in the northeastern part of the archipelago, where the relief is poorly dissected. The largest clusters of lakes are found on the moraines of mountain-valley glaciers located on the warmer western coasts. The periglacial lakes were divided into 5 types: glacier-dammed lakes (19 %), lakes in contact with the glacier front (30 %), thermokarst lakes on the moraine (27 %), moraine-dammed lakes (15 %) and lakes in contact with the terminal moraine (9 %). The most numerous were periglacial lakes adjoining the glacier (about 50 %). Their total area is 162 km2 and accounts for 87 % of the total area of all periglacial lakes. The other half of the lakes have formed shores, and their transformation is likely to be much slower in the future. The quantitative ratio of lake types testifies to the active phase of the process of lake expansion in the archipelago. This ratio of lakes by groups can be a clear indicator of climate change in the archipelago.
{"title":"Inventory methodology of periglacial lakes in Spitzbergen (Svalbard)","authors":"K. Romashova, R. Chernov","doi":"10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-157-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-2-157-170","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses periglacial lakes, which were formed after the Little Ice Age due to the reduction of Spitzbergen (Svalbard) glaciation. A method for inventorying the periglacial lakes in Spitzbergen (Svalbard) is proposed based on the Norwegian Polar Institute cartographic materials and remote sensing methods. Such lakes have been formed due to deglaciation in Svalbard since the beginning of the 20th century after the Little Ice Age. Three morphological features of the periglacial lake were used as selection criteria: the lake is in contact with the glacier, the lake is located within the terminal moraine or borders on it, each of which is sufficient.As a result of the inventory, 705 periglacial lakes have been found in Spitzbergen (Svalbard). The largest number of lakes is located in the northeastern part of the archipelago, where the relief is poorly dissected. The largest clusters of lakes are found on the moraines of mountain-valley glaciers located on the warmer western coasts. The periglacial lakes were divided into 5 types: glacier-dammed lakes (19 %), lakes in contact with the glacier front (30 %), thermokarst lakes on the moraine (27 %), moraine-dammed lakes (15 %) and lakes in contact with the terminal moraine (9 %). The most numerous were periglacial lakes adjoining the glacier (about 50 %). Their total area is 162 km2 and accounts for 87 % of the total area of all periglacial lakes. The other half of the lakes have formed shores, and their transformation is likely to be much slower in the future. The quantitative ratio of lake types testifies to the active phase of the process of lake expansion in the archipelago. This ratio of lakes by groups can be a clear indicator of climate change in the archipelago.","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74617630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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