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A search for wide brown dwarf companions to stars within 10 pc 在10pc内寻找恒星的宽棕矮星伴星
Pub Date : 2008-11-15 DOI: 10.1063/1.3099175
Marin Treselj, A. Seifahrt, K. Hodapp, A. Bedalov, M. Mugrauer
We present the first results of a large imaging survey to identify wide brown dwarf companions to stars within 10 pc. We have performed a deep (H‐band limit ∼19.0 mag), wide field (up to 16×16 arcmin) astrometric imaging campaign in two epochs around more than 230 nearby stars.Preliminary results show that the wide low‐mass companion fraction is far lower than expected, indicating that interactions with the galactic disk may have removed the weakly bound wide companions around old stars.
我们展示了一项大型成像调查的第一个结果,该调查确定了10个pc内恒星的宽棕矮星伴星。我们在两个时期对230多颗附近的恒星进行了深(H波段极限~ 19.0等)、宽视场(高达16×16弧分)的天体测量成像活动。初步结果表明,宽的低质量伴星比例远低于预期,这表明与星系盘的相互作用可能已经消除了年老恒星周围弱束缚的宽伴星。
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引用次数: 0
Observation and modelling of dusty, low gravity L, and M dwarfs 多尘、低重力的L型和M型矮星的观测和建模
Pub Date : 2008-11-15 DOI: 10.1063/1.3099103
A. Seifahrt, C. Helling, A. Burgasser, K. Allers, K. Cruz, M. Cushing, U. Heiter, D. Looper, S. Witte
Observational facilities allow now the detection of optical and IR spectra of young M‐ and L‐dwarfs. This enables empirical comparisons with old M‐ and L‐ dwarfs, and detailed studies in comparison with synthetic spectra. While classical stellar atmosphere physics seems perfectly appropriate for old M‐dwarfs, more physical and chemical processes, cloud formation in particular, needs to be modelled in the substellar regime to allow a detailed spectral interpretation. Not much is known so far about the details of the inset of cloud formation at the spectral transition region between M and L dwarfs. Furthermore there is observational evidence for diversity in the dust properties of objects having the same spectral type. Do we understand these differences? The question is also how young M‐ and L‐dwarfs need to be classified, which stellar parameter do they have and whether degenerations in the stellar parameter space due to the changing atmosphere physics are present, like in the L‐T transition region. The Splinter was driven by these questions which we will use to encourage interactions between observation and theory. Given the recent advances, both in observations and spectral modelling, an intensive discussion between observers and theoreticians will create new synergies in our field.
观测设备现在可以探测年轻的M -和L -矮星的光学和红外光谱。这使得与老M -和L -矮星的经验比较,以及与合成光谱比较的详细研究成为可能。虽然经典的恒星大气物理学似乎完全适用于老M矮星,但更多的物理和化学过程,特别是云的形成,需要在恒星下进行建模,以便进行详细的光谱解释。到目前为止,人们对M矮星和L矮星之间光谱过渡区云形成的细节知之甚少。此外,有观测证据表明,具有相同光谱类型的天体的尘埃特性存在差异。我们了解这些差异吗?问题还在于如何对年轻的M -矮星和L -矮星进行分类,它们有哪些恒星参数,以及恒星参数空间中是否存在由大气物理变化引起的退化,就像在L - T过渡区一样。《分裂》是由这些问题推动的,我们将利用这些问题来鼓励观察和理论之间的相互作用。鉴于最近在观测和光谱建模方面的进展,观察者和理论家之间的深入讨论将在我们的领域创造新的协同效应。
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引用次数: 0
Activity and rotation of low mass stars in young open clusters 年轻疏散星团中低质量恒星的活动和旋转
Pub Date : 2008-11-15 DOI: 10.1063/1.3099123
A. Seifahrt, A. Reiners, A. Scholz, G. Basri
We present first results from a multi‐object spectroscopy campaign in IC2602, the Hyades, the Pleiades, and the Coma cluster using VLT/FLAMES. We analysed the data for radial velocity, rotational velocity (v sin i), and Hα‐activity. Here, we highlight three aspects of this study in the context of rotational braking and the rotation‐activity relationship among low mass stars. Finally we discuss the cluster membership of sources in IC2602.
我们展示了使用VLT/ flame对IC2602、星团、昴宿星团和后发星团进行的多目标光谱活动的第一批结果。我们分析了径向速度、旋转速度(v sin i)和Hα活性的数据。在这里,我们重点介绍了本研究在旋转制动和低质量恒星旋转活动关系背景下的三个方面。最后讨论了IC2602中源的集群隶属关系。
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引用次数: 0
Integral-Field Spectroscopy of SLACS Lenses slac透镜的积分场光谱
Pub Date : 2008-11-14 DOI: 10.1063/1.3141531
O. Czoske, M. Barnabè, L. Koopmans
The combination of two‐dimensional kinematics and gravitational lens modelling permits detailed reconstruction of the phase‐space structure of early‐type galaxies and sets constraints on the dark‐matter distribution in their inner regions. We describe a project which combines integral‐field spectroscopy from an ESO Large Programme using VIMOS on the VLT with deep HST ACS and NICMOS images to study a sample of 17 early‐type lens galaxies at z≈0.1–0.3, drawn from the Sloan Lens ACS survey (SLACS).
二维运动学和引力透镜模型的结合允许详细重建早期星系的相空间结构,并对其内部区域的暗物质分布设置限制。我们描述了一个项目,该项目结合了ESO大型项目的积分场光谱,使用VLT上的VIMOS与深HST ACS和NICMOS图像,研究了从斯隆透镜ACS巡天(SLACS)中提取的z≈0.1-0.3的17个早期透镜星系样本。
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引用次数: 0
Six Hot Topics in Planetary Astronomy 行星天文学的六个热点话题
Pub Date : 2008-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76935-4_9
D. Jewitt
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引用次数: 6
Transonic Properties of Accretion Disk Around Compact Objects 致密天体周围吸积盘的跨音速特性
Pub Date : 2008-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8868-1_17
B. Mukhopadhyay
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引用次数: 2
Modeling Gamma‐Ray Attenuation in High Redshift GeV Spectra 高红移GeV光谱中伽马射线衰减的建模
Pub Date : 2008-11-12 DOI: 10.1063/1.3076738
R. Gilmore, P. Madau, J. Primack, R. Somerville
We present two models for the cosmological UV background light, and calculate the opacity of GeV gamma—rays out to redshift 9. The contributors to the background include 2 possible quasar emissivities, and output from star—forming galaxies as determined by recent a semi—analytic model (SAM) of structure formation. The SAM used in this work is based upon a hierarchical build‐up of structure in a ΛCDM universe and is highly successful in reproducing a variety of observational parameters. Above 1 Rydberg energy, ionizing radiation is subject to reprocessing by the IGM, which we treat using our radiative transfer code, CUBA. The two models for quasar emissivity differing above z = 2.3 are chosen to match the ionization rates observed using flux decrement analysis and the higher values of the line‐of‐sight proximity effect. We also investigate the possibility of aflat star formation rate density at z>5. We conclude that observations of gamma—rays from 10 to 100 GeV by Fermi (GLAST) and the next generation of g...
我们提出了宇宙紫外背景光的两种模型,并计算了GeV伽玛射线的红移9的不透明度。背景的贡献者包括2种可能的类星体发射率,以及由最近的结构形成半解析模型(SAM)确定的恒星形成星系的输出。在这项工作中使用的SAM是基于ΛCDM宇宙结构的分层构建,并且在再现各种观测参数方面非常成功。在1里德伯能量以上,电离辐射受到IGM的再处理,我们使用我们的辐射传输代码CUBA进行处理。选择z = 2.3以上的两种类星体发射率模型来匹配利用通量衰减分析观测到的电离率和视线接近效应的较高值。我们还研究了z>5时平坦恒星形成速率密度的可能性。我们得出结论,Fermi (GLAST)和下一代g…
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引用次数: 7
HST Morphologies of z~2 Dust Obscured Galaxies I: Power-law Sources z~2尘埃遮挡星系的HST形态I:幂律源
Pub Date : 2008-11-12 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/750
R. Bussmann, A. Dey, J. Lotz, L. Armus, K. Brand, Michael J. I. Brown, V. Desai, P. Eisenhardt, J. Higdon, S. Higdon, B. Jannuzi, E. Floc’h, J. Melbourne, B. Soifer, D. Weedman
We present high spatial resolution optical and near-infrared imaging obtained using the ACS, WFPC2 and NICMOS cameras aboard the Hubble Space Telescope of 31 24um--bright z~2 Dust Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) identified in the Bootes Field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. Although this subset of DOGs have mid-IR spectral energy distributions dominated by a power-law component suggestive of an AGN, all but one of the galaxies are spatially extended and not dominated by an unresolved component at rest-frame UV or optical wavelengths. The observed V-H and I-H colors of the extended components are 0.2-3 magnitudes redder than normal star-forming galaxies. All but 1 have axial ratios >0.3, making it unlikely that DOGs are composed of an edge-on star-forming disk. We model the spatially extended component of the surface brightness distributions of the DOGs with a Sersic profile and find effective radii of 1-6 kpc. This sample of DOGs is smaller than most sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs), but larger than quiescent high-redshift galaxies. Non-parametric measures (Gini and M20) of DOG morphologies suggest that these galaxies are more dynamically relaxed than local ULIRGs. We estimate lower limits to the stellar masses of DOGs based on the rest-frame optical photometry and find that these range from ~10^(9-11) M_sun. If major mergers are the progenitors of DOGs, then these observations suggest that DOGs may represent a post-merger evolutionary stage.
本文介绍了利用哈勃太空望远镜上的ACS、WFPC2和NICMOS相机获得的31个24um明亮的z~2尘埃遮挡星系(狗)的高空间分辨率光学和近红外成像,这些星系是在NOAO深宽视场调查的Bootes区域发现的。虽然狗的这个子集的中红外光谱能量分布由暗示AGN的幂律分量主导,但除了一个星系外,所有星系都是空间扩展的,而不是由静止框架紫外或光学波长的未解析分量主导。观测到的扩展组分的V-H和I-H颜色比正常的恒星形成星系要红0.2-3等。除了1颗外,其余都有大于0.3的轴向比,这使得狗星不太可能是由一个边朝上的恒星形成盘组成的。我们用Sersic剖面模拟了狗的表面亮度分布的空间扩展分量,发现有效半径为1-6 kpc。这个狗星系的样本比大多数亚毫米星系(smg)要小,但比静止的高红移星系要大。DOG形态的非参数测量(Gini和M20)表明,这些星系比局部ulrgs更动态放松。我们根据静帧光学光度法估计了狗星的恒星质量下限,发现这些下限在~10^(9-11)M_sun之间。如果主要的合并是狗的祖先,那么这些观察表明狗可能代表合并后的进化阶段。
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引用次数: 40
The accretion regime of LS 5039: 3-D SPH simulations LS 5039的吸积机制:三维SPH模拟
Pub Date : 2008-11-12 DOI: 10.22323/1.067.0074
A. Okazaki, G. Romero, S. Owocki
LS 5039 is a TeV gamma-ray binary with extended radio emission. It consists of a compact object in the mildly eccentric (e=0.35), 3.9-day orbit around a massive O star. The nature of the compact object is not yet established. In this paper, assuming that the compact object is a black hole, we study the accretion of O-star wind by the black hole, by performing three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. In order to roughly emulate the effect of the stellar radiation effectively canceling the stellar gravity, we assume that the O star's gravity does not exert on the wind. The wind particles are ejected with half the observed terminal velocity in a narrow range of azimuthal and vertical angles toward the black hole, in order to emulate the wind significantly slower than the terminal speed, and optimize the resolution and computational efficiency of simulations. We find that the mass-accretion rate closely follows the classical Bondi-Hoyle-Littleton accretion rate, which is of the order of 10^{16}g/s around periastron. The accretion rate at this level would provide jets enough power to produce the gamma-rays detected by HESS. Since the accretion peak occurs near the periastron passage, we need a strong gamma-ray absorption around periastron in order for the microquasar scenario to be consistent with the observed orbital modulation of the TeV gamma-ray flux.
LS 5039是一个TeV伽玛射线双星,具有扩展的射电发射。它由一个紧凑的天体组成,在一个小偏心(e=0.35)的轨道上,围绕一个大质量的O型恒星运行3.9天。致密物体的性质尚未确定。本文假设致密天体为黑洞,通过三维光滑粒子流体力学(SPH)模拟,研究了黑洞对o星风的吸积过程。为了大致模拟恒星辐射有效抵消恒星引力的效果,我们假设O星的引力不作用于风。为了模拟比终端速度慢得多的风,优化模拟的分辨率和计算效率,将风粒子以观测终端速度的一半在狭窄的方面角和垂直角范围内射向黑洞。我们发现质量吸积速率与经典的邦迪-霍伊尔-利特尔顿吸积速率非常接近,约为10^{16}g/s。这个水平的吸积速率将提供足够的能量来产生HESS探测到的伽马射线。由于吸积峰发生在近星体通道附近,我们需要在近星体周围有很强的伽玛射线吸收,以便微类星体情景与观测到的TeV伽玛射线通量的轨道调制一致。
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引用次数: 0
Self‐Organizing Maps in application to the OGLE data and Gaia Science Alerts 自组织地图应用于OGLE数据和盖亚科学警报
Pub Date : 2008-11-12 DOI: 10.1063/1.3059046
L. Wyrzykowski, V. Belokurov
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment is long‐term observing project aiming at detection of microlensing events in crowded stellar fields. As a natural by‐product it collects photometric time‐series of millions of variable stars towards the Galactic Centre and in Magellanic Clouds. In November 2008 third phase of the OGLE will conclude its continuous run since 2001. Huge data set gathered with superb quality is one of very few of such kind currently available. Nearly a billion objects towards the Galactic bulge and Magellanic Clouds need to be now investigated and classified into variability classes. Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) is a promising tool for exploring large multi‐dimensional datasets. It is quick and convenient to train in an unsupervised process and as an outcome it produces naturally clustered patterns. Application of SOM to the new OGLE‐III data set will be presented along with the first preliminary results. SOM technique, tested on OGLE data, will be also implemented within Gaia mission...
光学引力透镜实验是一个长期的观测项目,旨在探测拥挤恒星场中的微透镜事件。作为一种自然的副产品,它收集了数百万颗朝向银河系中心和麦哲伦星云的变星的光度时间序列。2008年11月,OGLE第三阶段将结束自2001年以来的连续运作。以高质量收集的大量数据集是目前可用的极少数此类数据集之一。朝向银河系凸起和麦哲伦星云的近10亿个天体现在需要进行研究,并将其分类为变异性类。自组织地图(SOM)是一种很有前途的探索大型多维数据集的工具。在一个无监督的过程中训练是快速和方便的,作为一个结果,它产生自然的聚类模式。SOM在新的OGLE‐III数据集上的应用将与第一个初步结果一起提出。在OGLE数据上测试的SOM技术也将在盖亚任务中实施…
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引用次数: 6
期刊
arXiv: Astrophysics
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