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Combinatorics Encoding Geometry: The Legacy of Bill Thurston in the Story of One Theorem 组合学编码几何:比尔·瑟斯顿在《一个定理的故事》中的遗产
Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55928-1_5
Philip L. Bowers
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引用次数: 10
Superbridge and bridge indices for knots 超桥和结的桥指数
Pub Date : 2020-08-14 DOI: 10.1142/S0218216521500097
C. Adams, Nikhil Agarwal, R. Allen, Tirasan Khandhawit, Alex Simons, Rebecca R. Winarski, Mary Wootters
We improve the upper bound on the superbridge index $sb[K]$ of a knot type $[K]$ in terms of the bridge index $b[K]$ from $sb[K] leq 5b -3$ to $sb[K]leq 3b[k] - 1$.
改进了超桥指数的上界 $sb[K]$ 结型的 $[K]$ 用桥的指数来表示 $b[K]$ 从 $sb[K] leq 5b -3$ 到 $sb[K]leq 3b[k] - 1$.
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引用次数: 3
Generalisations of Hecke algebras from Loop Braid Groups 环辫群中Hecke代数的推广
Pub Date : 2020-08-11 DOI: 10.2140/pjm.2023.323.31
C. Damiani, Paul Martin, E. Rowell
We introduce a generalisation $LH_n$ of the ordinary Hecke algebras informed by the loop braid group $LB_n$ and the extension of the Burau representation thereto. The ordinary Hecke algebra has many remarkable arithmetic and representation theoretic properties, and many applications. We show that $LH_n$ has analogues of several of these properties. In particular we introduce a class of local representations of the braid group derived from a meld of the Burau representation and the Rittenberg representations, here thus called Burau-Rittenberg representations. In its most supersymmetric case somewhat mystical cancellations of anomalies occur so that the Burau-Rittenberg representation extends to a loop Burau-Rittenberg representation. And this factors through $LH_n$. Let $SP_n$ denote the corresponding quotient algebra, $k$ the ground ring, and $t in k$ the loop-Hecke parameter. We prove the following: $LH_n$ is finite dimensional over a field. The natural inclusion $LB_n rightarrow LB_{n+1}$ passes to an inclusion $SP_n rightarrow SP_{n+1}$. Over $k=mathbb{C}$, $SP_n / rad $ is generically the sum of simple matrix algebras of dimension (and Bratteli diagram) given by Pascal's triangle. We determine the other fundamental invariants of $SP_n$ representation theory: the Cartan decomposition matrix; and the quiver, which is of type-A. The structure of $SP_n $ is independent of the parameter $t$, except for $t= 1$. item For $t^2 neq 1$ then $LH_n cong SP_n$ at least up to rank$n=7$ (for $t=-1$ they are not isomorphic for $n>2$; for $t=1$ they are not isomorphic for $n>1$). Finally we discuss a number of other intriguing points arising from this construction in topology, representation theory and combinatorics.
我们引入了由环辫群$LB_n$通知的普通Hecke代数的一个推广$LH_n$及其Burau表示的推广。普通赫克代数具有许多显著的算术性质和表示理论性质,具有广泛的应用。我们发现$LH_n$具有这些性质中的几个类似物。特别地,我们引入了一类由Burau表示和Rittenberg表示融合而来的辫群的局部表示,在这里称为Burau-Rittenberg表示。在其最超对称的情况下,有些神秘的异常抵消发生了,因此,布劳-里腾堡表示延伸到一个循环布劳-里腾堡表示。这个因子通过$LH_n$。设$SP_n$表示相应的商代数,$k$表示接地环,$t in k$表示loop-Hecke参数。我们证明了$LH_n$在一个域上是有限维的。自然包含$LB_n rightarrow LB_{n+1}$传递给包含$SP_n rightarrow SP_{n+1}$。在$k=mathbb{C}$上,$SP_n / rad $一般是由Pascal三角形给出的维数(和Bratteli图)的简单矩阵代数的和。我们确定了$SP_n$表示理论的其他基本不变量:Cartan分解矩阵;还有箭袋,是a型的。除了$t= 1$外,$SP_n $的结构与$t$参数无关。 item 对于$t^2 neq 1$,那么$LH_n cong SP_n$至少到$n=7$(对于$t=-1$,它们不是同构的$n>2$;对于$t=1$,它们不是同构的(对于$n>1$)。最后,我们讨论了由这种构造在拓扑学、表示理论和组合学中引起的一些其他有趣的问题。
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引用次数: 4
Variation of Hodge structure and enumerating tilings of surfaces by triangles and squares 霍奇结构的变化和用三角形和正方形列举表面的平铺
Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.5802/JEP.159
Vincent Koziarz, Duc-Manh Nguyen
Let $S$ be a connected closed oriented surface of genus $g$. Given a triangulation (resp. quadrangulation) of $S$, define the index of each of its vertices to be the number of edges originating from this vertex minus $6$ (resp. minus $4$). Call the set of integers recording the non-zero indices the profile of the triangulation (resp. quadrangulation). If $kappa$ is a profile for triangulations (resp. quadrangulations) of $S$, for any $min mathbb{Z}_{>0}$, denote by $mathscr{T}(kappa,m)$ (resp. $mathscr{Q}(kappa,m)$) the set of (equivalence classes of) triangulations (resp. quadrangulations) with profile $kappa$ which contain at most $m$ triangles (resp. squares). In this paper, we will show that if $kappa$ is a profile for triangulations (resp. for quadrangulations) of $S$ such that none of the indices in $kappa$ is divisible by $6$ (resp. by $4$), then $mathscr{T}(kappa,m)sim c_3(kappa)m^{2g+|kappa|-2}$ (resp. $mathscr{Q}(kappa,m) sim c_4(kappa)m^{2g+|kappa|-2}$), where $c_3(kappa) in mathbb{Q}cdot(sqrt{3}pi)^{2g+|kappa|-2}$ and $c_4(kappa)in mathbb{Q}cdotpi^{2g+|kappa|-2}$. The key ingredient of the proof is a result of J. Kollar on the link between the curvature of the Hogde metric on vector subbundles of a variation of Hodge structure over algebraic varieties, and Chern classes of their extensions. By the same method, we also obtain the rationality (up to some power of $pi$) of the Masur-Veech volume of arithmetic affine submanifolds of translation surfaces that are transverse to the kernel foliation.
让 $S$ 是一个连通的封闭的有向曲面的属 $g$. 给定一个三角测量(响应)。(四边形 $S$,将其每个顶点的索引定义为从该顶点开始的边的数量减去 $6$ (回答)减去 $4$). 将记录非零指标的整数集称为三角剖分的轮廓(参见第6章)。四边形)。如果 $kappa$ 是用于三角测量的配置文件。(四边形 $S$对于任何人 $min mathbb{Z}_{>0}$,表示 $mathscr{T}(kappa,m)$ (回答) $mathscr{Q}(kappa,m)$)三角剖分的(等价类)集合。有轮廓的四边形 $kappa$ 最多只包含 $m$ 三角形(代表)正方形)。在本文中,我们将证明 $kappa$ 是用于三角测量的配置文件。(用于四边形 $S$ 使得没有一个指标 $kappa$ 能被 $6$ (回答)通过 $4$),那么 $mathscr{T}(kappa,m)sim c_3(kappa)m^{2g+|kappa|-2}$ (回答) $mathscr{Q}(kappa,m) sim c_4(kappa)m^{2g+|kappa|-2}$),其中 $c_3(kappa) in mathbb{Q}cdot(sqrt{3}pi)^{2g+|kappa|-2}$ 和 $c_4(kappa)in mathbb{Q}cdotpi^{2g+|kappa|-2}$. 该证明的关键部分是J. Kollar关于Hodge结构的一种变化的向量子束上的Hogde度规曲率与其扩展的Chern类之间的联系的结果。用同样的方法,我们也得到了合理性(到某次幂) $pi$)的Masur-Veech体积的算术仿射子流形的平移面横向于核叶理。
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引用次数: 7
Constrained knots in lens spaces 透镜空间中的约束结
Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.2140/agt.2023.23.1097
Fan Ye
This paper studies a special family of (1,1) knots called constrained knots, which includes 2-bridge knots and simple knots. They are parameterized by five parameters and characterized by the distribution of spin^c structures of intersection points in (1,1) diagrams. Their knot Floer homologies are calculated and the complete classification is obtained. Some examples of constrained knots come from links related to 2-bridge knots and 1-bridge braids. As an application, Heegaard Floer theory is studied for orientable 1-cusped hyperbolic manifolds that have ideal triangulations with at most 5 ideal tetrahedra.
本文研究了一类特殊的(1,1)结点,即约束结点,它包括二桥结点和单桥结点。用5个参数对它们进行参数化,并用(1,1)图中交点的自旋^c结构的分布来表征它们。计算了它们的结花同源性,得到了完整的分类。约束结的一些例子来自于与双桥结和单桥编织相关的链接。作为一种应用,研究了具有最多5个理想四面体的理想三角形的可定向1尖双曲流形的Heegaard flower理论。
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引用次数: 5
Palettes of Dehn colorings for spatial graphs and the classification of vertex conditions 空间图的Dehn着色调色板和顶点条件的分类
Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1142/S0218216521500152
Kanako Oshiro, Natsumi Oyamaguchi
In this paper, we study Dehn colorings of spatial graph diagrams, and classify the vertex conditions, equivalently the palettes. We give some example of spatial graphs which can be distinguished by the number of Dehn colorings with selecting an appropriate palette. Furthermore, we also discuss the generalized version of palettes, which is defined for knot-theoretic ternary-quasigroups and region colorings of spatial graph diagrams.
本文研究空间图的Dehn着色,并对顶点条件进行分类,即对调色板进行分类。我们给出了一些空间图的例子,可以通过选择适当的调色板来区分Dehn颜色的数量。此外,我们还讨论了空间图的结论三元拟群和区域着色所定义的调色板的广义版本。
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引用次数: 1
Cyclic branched covers of alternating knots 交替结的环状分枝盖
Pub Date : 2020-06-23 DOI: 10.5802/AHL.89
L. Paoluzzi
For any integer n > 2, the n-fold cyclic branched cover M of an alternating prime knot K in the 3-sphere determines K, meaning that if K is a knot in the 3-sphere that is not equivalent to K then its n-fold cyclic branched cover cannot be homeomorphic to M.
对于任意整数n > 2, 3球上的交替素数结K的n次循环分支覆盖M决定了K,这意味着如果K是不等于K的3球上的一个结,那么它的n次循环分支覆盖不可能与M同胚。
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引用次数: 1
Reeb Spaces of Smooth Functions on Manifolds 流形上光滑函数的Reeb空间
Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.1093/IMRN/RNAA301
O. Saeki
The Reeb space of a continuous function is the space of connected components of the level sets. In this paper we first prove that the Reeb space of a smooth function on a closed manifold with finitely many critical values has the structure of a finite graph without loops. We also show that an arbitrary finite graph without loops can be realized as the Reeb space of a certain smooth function on a closed manifold with finitely many critical values, where the corresponding level sets can also be preassigned. Finally, we show that a continuous map of a smooth closed connected manifold to a finite connected graph without loops that induces an epimorphism between the fundamental groups is identified with the natural quotient map to the Reeb space of a certain smooth function with finitely many critical values, up to homotopy.
连续函数的Reeb空间是水平集的连通分量的空间。本文首先证明了具有有限多个临界值的闭流形上光滑函数的Reeb空间具有无环有限图的结构。我们还证明了任意一个没有环路的有限图可以被实现为具有有限多个临界值的封闭流形上的某光滑函数的Reeb空间,其对应的水平集也可以被预先分配。最后,我们证明了光滑闭连通流形到无环有限连通图的连续映射在基本群之间诱导出一个泛模,这与具有有限多个临界值的光滑函数到Reeb空间的自然商映射是等价的,直到同伦。
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引用次数: 35
Remarks on the Liechti-Strenner's examples having small dilatations 关于具有小扩张的Liechti-Strenner例子的评论
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.4134/CKMS.C190365
J. Ham, Joongul Lee
We show that the Liechti-Strenner's example for the closed nonorientable surface in cite{LiechtiStrenner18} minimizes the dilatation within the class of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms with an orientable invariant foliation and all but the first coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of the action induced on the first cohomology nonpositive. We also show that the Liechti-Strenner's example of orientation-reversing homeomorphism for the closed orientable surface in cite{LiechtiStrenner18} minimizes the dilatation within the class of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms with an orientable invariant foliation and all but the first coefficient of the characteristic polynomial $p(x)$ of the action induced on the first cohomology nonpositive or all but the first coefficient of $p(x) (x pm 1)^2$, $p(x) (x^2 pm 1)$, or $p(x) (x^2 pm x + 1)$ nonpositive.
我们证明了cite{LiechtiStrenner18}中闭非定向曲面的Liechti-Strenner的例子使具有可定向不变叶理的伪anosov同纯类内的膨胀最小,并且除了第一个上同调非正的作用的特征多项式的第一个系数外,其他的都最小。我们还证明了在cite{LiechtiStrenner18}中闭可定向曲面的反取向同纯的Liechti-Strenner的例子使具有可定向不变叶理的伪anosov同纯类内的膨胀最小化,并且除了第一个上同调非正的作用的特征多项式$p(x)$的所有系数之外,或者除了$p(x) (x pm 1)^2$, $p(x) (x^2 pm 1)$的所有系数之外,或者$p(x) (x^2 pm x + 1)$不带正电。
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引用次数: 0
On the diffeomorphism type of Seifert fibered spherical 3-orbifolds Seifert纤维球面3-轨道的微分同胚型
Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.13137/2464-8728/30920
M. Mecchia, Andrea Seppi
It is well known that, among closed spherical Seifert three-manifolds, only lens spaces and prism manifolds admit several Seifert fibrations which are not equivalent up to diffeomorphism. Moreover the former admit infinitely many fibrations, and the latter exactly two. In this work, we analyse the non-uniqueness phenomenon for orbifold Seifert fibrations. For any closed spherical Seifert three-orbifold, we determine the number of its inequivalent fibrations. When these are in a finite number (in fact, at most three) we provide a complete list. In case of infinitely many fibrations, we describe instead an algorithmic procedure to determine whether two closed spherical Seifert orbifolds are diffeomorphic.
众所周知,在闭球面塞费特三流形中,只有透镜空间和棱镜流形存在几种不等价于微分同构的塞费特颤振。而且,前者容许无限次的颤动,而后者则只容许两次颤动。在这项工作中,我们分析了轨道塞弗特振动的非唯一性现象。对于任何闭球塞费特三轨道,我们确定了它的不等价振动的数目。当它们的数量有限时(事实上,最多三个),我们提供一个完整的列表。在无限多振动的情况下,我们描述了一种算法程序来确定两个闭球塞弗特轨道是否微分同构。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
arXiv: Geometric Topology
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