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Journal of immigrant health最新文献

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Patterns of health services utilization by recent immigrants. 最近移民利用保健服务的模式。
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1023/B:JOIH.0000014639.49245.cc
Nicole Leduc, Michelle Proulx

This study was undertaken to analyze how the way young, recently immigrated, families utilize health services evolves over time. Twenty families participated in the study. They all included at least one child of preschool age, had immigrated less than 8 years previously, and had used primary healthcare services since their arrival. A triphasic pattern of utilization was observed, consisting of contact with one or more health services, selection of specific services from those available, and consolidation of choices. Families relied upon a variety of information sources in each of these phases. The primary attributes upon which the families based their evaluation, selection, and adoption of health services were geographical and temporal accessibility, interpersonal and technical quality of services, and language spoken by health professionals and staff. Perception of health services' attributes is influenced by the families' sociocultural referents and preemigration experience. Results indicate that utilization of primary healthcare services progressively changes over time, evolving from the ad hoc use of walk-in services to the adoption of regular sources of care.

进行这项研究是为了分析最近移民的年轻家庭利用保健服务的方式如何随时间演变。20个家庭参与了这项研究。他们都包括至少一名学龄前儿童,移民前不到8年,并在抵达后使用过初级保健服务。观察到一种三期利用模式,包括与一个或多个保健服务机构接触,从现有服务机构中选择特定服务,以及巩固选择。在每个阶段,家庭依赖于各种各样的信息来源。家庭评价、选择和采用卫生服务的主要依据是地理和时间上的可及性、服务的人际和技术质量以及卫生专业人员和工作人员的语言。对卫生服务属性的感知受家庭社会文化参照和移民前经历的影响。结果表明,随着时间的推移,初级卫生保健服务的利用逐渐发生变化,从临时使用上门服务演变为采用常规护理来源。
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引用次数: 116
Ethical issues in conducting migrant farmworker studies. 农民工研究中的伦理问题。
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1023/B:JOIH.0000014640.64905.02
Sharon P Cooper, Elizabeth Heitman, Erin E Fox, Beth Quill, Paula Knudson, Sheila H Zahm, Nancy MacNaughton, Roberta Ryder

Migrant farmworkers should be considered a vulnerable population because they work in a hazardous industry, are often members of an ethnic minority, have known difficulty in accessing health care, and are often of lower socioeconomic status. For these reasons, too, it is extremely important to conduct health-related research with this often-underserved group. However, because migrant farmworkers are vulnerable, investigators must be especially vigilant in protecting them from the potential harms of research and in ensuring that the special ethical issues that arise in research with this population are identified and addressed for every project. In response to the National Cancer Institute's concerns about the feasibility of conducting epidemiologic studies among migrant farmworkers, researchers undertook four feasibility studies near the Texas-Mexico border. Each study raised different, complex ethical questions that challenged the investigators, but whose resolution turned out to be crucial to the success of the studies.

移徙农场工人应被视为弱势群体,因为他们在危险行业工作,往往是少数民族成员,在获得医疗保健方面存在已知的困难,而且往往社会经济地位较低。由于这些原因,对这一经常得不到充分服务的群体进行与健康相关的研究是极其重要的。然而,由于农民工是脆弱的,研究人员必须特别警惕,保护他们免受研究的潜在危害,并确保在针对这一人群的研究中出现的特殊伦理问题在每个项目中得到识别和解决。为了回应国家癌症研究所对在移民农场工人中进行流行病学研究的可行性的担忧,研究人员在德克萨斯州和墨西哥边境附近进行了四项可行性研究。每项研究都提出了不同的、复杂的伦理问题,这些问题对研究人员构成了挑战,但这些问题的解决对研究的成功至关重要。
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引用次数: 27
Employment frustration and alcohol abuse/dependence among labor migrants in California. 加州劳工移民的就业挫折和酒精滥用/依赖。
Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026119226083
Brian Karl Finch, Ralph C Catalano, Raymond W Novaco, William A Vega

We test whether or not labor market frustration is associated with clinical alcohol abuse/dependence diagnoses among labor migrants living in California. Our sample consists of 1576 Mexican labor migrants in Fresno, CA, who migrated for the purpose of seeking employment. Using clinical criterion (DSM-III-R), we find that frustrating experiences resulting from labor market exclusion and discrimination are significantly related to past-year alcohol abuse/dependence. Similarly, although high levels of social support are salutary, they are not protective among those who experience moderate/high levels of employment frustration. Since Mexican-origin immigrants have low rates of health insurance coverage and lower propensities for formal help-seeking, community outreach programs that target labor migrants are essential to this population's mental health maintenance.

我们测试了劳动力市场的挫折是否与临床酒精滥用/依赖诊断有关。我们的样本由加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺市的1576名墨西哥劳工移民组成,他们移民的目的是寻找就业机会。使用临床标准(DSM-III-R),我们发现劳动力市场排斥和歧视导致的沮丧经历与过去一年的酒精滥用/依赖显著相关。同样,虽然高水平的社会支持是有益的,但对于那些经历中度/高度就业挫折的人来说,它们并不是保护。由于墨西哥裔移民的医疗保险覆盖率较低,寻求正式帮助的倾向也较低,针对移民劳工的社区外展项目对这一人群的心理健康维持至关重要。
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引用次数: 77
More on organizational changes. 更多关于组织变革的内容。
Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026113607428
Kathrin S Mautino
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引用次数: 3
Identifying best practices of community participation in providing services to refugee survivors of torture: a case description. 确定社区参与向酷刑难民幸存者提供服务的最佳做法:案例描述。
Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026115125175
Anila Ramaliu, Wilfreda E Thurston

There is an increased interest in best practices in the design and implementation of specialized programs for refugee survivors of torture. The processes taking place in the development of such a program also warrant assessment. In particular, this paper addresses the importance of community participation. Using the Host Support Program for Survivors of Torture as a case study, we identify the community participation practices that emerged during stages of program development and describe how these practices have made possible a collaborative service delivery model and facilitated community capacity building that addresses the complex needs of refugee survivors of torture. The process of community collaboration is discussed as central to the process of effective community participation and organizing. The illustrated benefits of community participation position this model as a best practice.

人们对设计和实施酷刑难民幸存者专门方案的最佳做法越来越感兴趣。在这样一个计划的发展过程中发生的过程也需要评估。本文特别强调了社区参与的重要性。以“酷刑幸存者收容支持计划”为例,我们确定了在计划发展阶段出现的社区参与实践,并描述了这些实践如何使协作服务提供模式成为可能,并促进了社区能力建设,以解决酷刑难民幸存者的复杂需求。社区协作的过程被讨论为有效社区参与和组织过程的中心。社区参与所带来的好处使这种模式成为一种最佳实践。
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引用次数: 26
Iranian migrants' discourses of health and the implications for using standardized health measures with minority groups. 伊朗移民关于健康的论述及其对少数群体使用标准化健康措施的影响。
Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026167109245
Sirous Momenzadeh, Natasha Posner

This paper explores the concept of health implied in the SF-36 within a group of Iranians in Australia. Qualitative data were collected from a sample of 21 people--10 females and 11 males. For the first time, the NUD*IST program was used to organize and manage the data in Persian (also known as Farsi), the language spoken by Iranians. Health was defined in terms of holistic, spiritual, social, physical/emotional aspects, and absence-of-disorder dimensions. Among these, physical, absence of disorder, holistic, and spiritual aspects of health were mentioned more frequently than other themes. The findings of the study raise concerns about the extent to which the SF-36 captures the diversity of the concept of health as expressed by the sample of Iranian migrants.

本文探讨了澳大利亚一群伊朗人在SF-36中隐含的健康概念。定性数据是从21人的样本中收集的——10名女性和11名男性。NUD*IST程序第一次被用来组织和管理波斯语(也称为波斯语)的数据,波斯语是伊朗人使用的语言。健康被定义为整体的、精神的、社会的、身体/情感的方面,以及没有紊乱的方面。其中,与其他主题相比,健康的身体、无紊乱、整体和精神方面被提及的频率更高。研究结果令人关切的是,SF-36在多大程度上反映了伊朗移民样本所表达的健康概念的多样性。
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引用次数: 10
Health care services and Pap testing behavior for Chinese women in British Columbia. 不列颠哥伦比亚省华裔妇女的保健服务与巴氏涂片检查行为
Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026111024266
T Gregory Hislop, Kelsey M Inrig, Chris D Bajdik, Michele Deschamps, Shin-Ping Tu, Victoria M Taylor

The health care services and sociodemographic profiles of Chinese women residing in each of five neighborhoods of Vancouver and Richmond, British Columbia, were examined and compared to Pap testing rates. Information was collected from the provincial medical directory, the cervical cancer screening program, and a community-based survey. A total of 159 Chinese primary care physicians, 3 Chinese gynecologists, and 9 health clinics were identified within these neighborhoods and 769 Chinese women responded to the survey. Significant differences were found between neighborhoods in Pap testing rates, with Chinatown having the lowest rates. Differences between neighborhoods were also found in the availability of Chinese language health care services, sociodemographic profiles of the Chinese population, individual preferences and experiences with health care services, which were also related to Pap testing rates. The implications of these findings upon the planning of effective health care services within local neighborhoods are discussed.

研究了居住在温哥华和不列颠哥伦比亚省里士满五个社区的中国妇女的卫生保健服务和社会人口统计资料,并将其与巴氏涂片检查率进行了比较。信息收集自省医疗目录、子宫颈癌筛查方案和社区调查。在这些社区中,共有159名中国初级保健医生、3名中国妇科医生和9家健康诊所接受了调查,769名中国妇女接受了调查。社区之间的巴氏涂片检查率存在显著差异,唐人街的比率最低。社区之间在中文卫生保健服务的可获得性、中国人口的社会人口特征、个人偏好和卫生保健服务经历方面也存在差异,这些也与巴氏涂片检测率有关。这些发现对规划有效的卫生保健服务在当地社区的影响进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 15
"I have no time for potential troubles": Russian immigrant women and breast cancer screening in Israel. “我没有时间处理潜在的麻烦”:俄罗斯移民妇女和以色列的乳腺癌筛查。
Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026163008336
Larissa Remennick

The author's earlier study of Russian immigrant women's attitudes and practices related to the early detection of cancer has shown their low participation in breast screening activities, from BSE to mammography. Most respondents were educated women who acknowledged their personal risk, understood the role of screening, but still avoided preventive action. In this qualitative research, the gap between cognitions and behavior is explored further by means of in-depth interviews and focus groups with 34 women aged 50-74 who moved to Israel after 1990. All Israeli women of this age are entitled for screening mammography free of charge once every 2 years. The findings point to a low place of preventive health concerns in the personal agenda of female immigrants, loaded by the more immediate survival needs (income, housing, support of other family members, etc.). Other barriers include the lack of referral from primary care providers, fear of cancer diagnosis, apprehensions of irradiation and pain involved in mammography, fatalist general attitude towards health and illness, and mistrust of current cancer therapy. Many older women (60+), whose risks are actually higher, shared a false belief that breast cancer strikes younger women and they are already past the age of concern. Older informants avoided gynecological clinics because of male gender of most gynecologists, their poor command of Hebrew, and a belief that gynecological checkups are irrelevant and even shameful in their age. It is concluded that female immigrants, especially older ones, must be a special target group for preventive health interventions.

作者早期对俄罗斯移民妇女对早期发现癌症的态度和做法的研究表明,她们很少参与乳房筛查活动,从疯牛病到乳房x光检查。大多数答复者是受过教育的妇女,她们承认自己的个人风险,了解筛查的作用,但仍然避免采取预防行动。在本定性研究中,通过对34名1990年后移居以色列的50-74岁妇女的深度访谈和焦点小组,进一步探讨了认知和行为之间的差距。所有这个年龄的以色列妇女都有权每两年免费进行一次乳房x光检查。调查结果表明,预防性保健问题在女性移民的个人议程中所占的位置较低,主要是更直接的生存需求(收入、住房、对其他家庭成员的支持等)。其他障碍包括缺乏初级保健提供者的转诊、对癌症诊断的恐惧、对乳房x光检查所涉及的辐射和疼痛的担忧、对健康和疾病的普遍宿命态度以及对目前癌症治疗的不信任。许多老年妇女(60岁以上)的风险实际上更高,她们都错误地认为,乳腺癌侵袭的是年轻女性,她们已经过了值得关注的年龄。由于大多数妇科医生是男性,他们的希伯来语水平很差,并且认为妇科检查与他们的年龄无关,甚至是可耻的,年长的举报者避免去妇科诊所。结论是,女性移民,特别是老年移民,必须成为预防性保健干预的特殊目标群体。
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引用次数: 61
Book Review: International Public Health. Edited by Michael H. Merson, Robert E. Black, and Ann J. Mills. Aspen, Gaithersburg, MD, 2001. xxxi + 775 pp. $76.00 书评:《国际公共卫生》。由迈克尔·H·默森、罗伯特·E·布莱克和安·J·米尔斯编辑。阿斯彭,马里兰州盖瑟斯堡,2001年。xxxi+775页76.00美元
Pub Date : 2003-07-01 DOI: 10.1023/A:1023943902899
David P. Smith
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引用次数: 0
Acculturation stress, social support, and self-rated health among Latinos in California. 加州拉丁美洲人的文化适应压力、社会支持和自评健康。
Pub Date : 2003-07-01 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023987717921
Brian Karl Finch, William A Vega

This study looks at the effect of social support mechanisms as potential moderators and mediators of the relationship between stressful acculturation experiences and self-ratings of physical health. Data are from a sample of 3012 Mexican-origin adults aged 18-59 sampled under a probabilistic, stratified, cluster sampling design in Fresno County, California. While acculturation stressors (i.e., discrimination, legal status, and language conflict) all had a gross positive effect on the likelihood of rating oneself in fair/poor health, only legal status stress had a net effect. In addition, greater numbers of peers and family members in the United States, and a higher reliance on religious support mechanisms decreased the likelihood of reporting fair/poor health. However, levels of both instrumental social support and religious support seeking moderated the (nonsignificant, main) effects of discrimination on physical health. This study indicates that physical health is negatively associated with acculturation stressors and positively associated with social support; discrimination is only associated with poorer physical health among those for whom social support is lacking.

本研究探讨了社会支持机制在压力文化适应体验与身体健康自我评价之间的潜在调节和中介作用。数据来自加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺县3012名年龄在18-59岁的墨西哥裔成年人,采用概率分层整群抽样设计。虽然文化适应压力源(即歧视、法律地位和语言冲突)都对评定自己健康状况尚可/不佳的可能性有总体积极影响,但只有法律地位压力有净影响。此外,美国同龄人和家庭成员人数较多,对宗教支持机制的依赖程度较高,降低了报告健康状况尚可/不佳的可能性。然而,工具性社会支持和寻求宗教支持的水平缓和了歧视对身体健康的(不显著的,主要的)影响。本研究发现,身体健康与文化适应压力源呈负相关,与社会支持呈正相关;歧视只与缺乏社会支持的人身体健康状况较差有关。
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引用次数: 688
期刊
Journal of immigrant health
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