Scandinavian journal of development alternatives最新文献

"This article analyzes the causes of the African Brain Drain. It also identifies policy prescriptions to stem the tide of the brain drain....The analysis shows that African governments should try to retain their skilled personnel by significantly improving their economies so as to provide the basic necessities of life to their people. African governments should also democratize their political institutions and respect individual human rights. Finally, they should create a conducive socio political environment for the skilled professional to operate, otherwise even the most patriotic of them would be tempted to emigrate."

"This note examines an important conflict between the theory and evidence on migration in LDCs. While the Harris-Todaro class of models explain the phenomenon of migration mainly by expected income differential between the economically advanced and the backward regions, the actual evidence in some cases suggests that migration could actually rise following a rise in income in backward areas. We resolve this puzzle by analysing migration in the context of the existence of imperfect credit markets in LDCs. We show that under certain plausible conditions, the rate of migration from the rural to the urban areas may actually rise when rural wages rise, as they ease the constraints on borrowing by potential migrants."

"This paper attempts to identify the factors that influence motivations for migration among the migrants [in Nigeria] (push and pull factors). The empirical results from the national survey of internal migration on which this study is based showed that the differences observed in the weights migrants attached to motivations for migration were statistically significant and did not just occur by chance. Though both the push and pull factors were important in explaining migration [decisions], the push factors were more important in the decision to migrate than the pull factors. This calls for a more comprehensive and coherent attention on the push factors in government efforts to stem anti-developmental migration patterns in Nigeria."

The authors estimate and compare life expectancy for 28 African countries in 1984 and 1987, and relate the length of life to selected socioeconomic variables. "The objective of the study is...to identify some determinants of life expectancy and achieve some understanding of their underlying structures so as to make it possible to know those that can be manipulated by policy in order to increase the life expectancy in Africa." Data are from published UN sources.

"In a recent paper, Rivera-Batiz (1982) points out that the economic effects of migration should be studied in the presence of non-traded goods in the source country.... We will show that Rivera-Batiz's explanations do not consider all the aspects of ownership and transfer of inputs by migrants. Consequently, we will show that if...additional issues are taken into account, the non-migrants can turn out to be actually better off as a result of emigration."

"In this article I examine the effects of state autonomy, regime type, and the capacity of governments on the formulation and implementation of social development and family planning policies which in turn affect patterns of fertility behavior in poor third world countries." The author concludes that the state has to become actively involved if the rate of population growth is to be brought under control.