Sociologie et societes最新文献

"In Western societies, change in family behaviour patterns, increased life expectancy, transformations in the socioeconomic environment and in culture have effected important modifications in the 'age pyramid', the significance of which has fed the debate between experts who have recorded them and who have anticipated their foreseeable consequences. These consequences are examined here in the light of some of their effects on social ties, inside the family and on the community level: the recomposition of the deviations between generations, the appearance of a pre-adult stage, the growth of concomitant responsibilities in relation to ascendants and descendants within family networks, potential concurrent intergenerational conflicts, and the aging of the social fabric [at] the community level. These phenomena in full evolution are a particular incentive to reinforcing the dialogue between demography and sociology." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

"The purpose of this paper is to present some aspects of a current research project on the evolution of demographic thought on immigration and integration [in Quebec, Canada], especially since the beginning of the 1960s. The paper is divided into two parts: the first is a brief consideration of the concept of integration in demography; the second presents four propositions which we believe characterize demo-political discourse at the present time. In brief, these four propositions are: 1) immigration today is unique in the history of Quebec; 2) immigration is not a solution to apprehended demographic decline; 3) immigration is linked to Quebec's capacity to receive new immigrants; and 4) the state is the leader in policy matters. In conclusion, regarding the 'inclusion/exclusion' duality, we suggest that demo-political discourse leans more heavily toward exclusion than toward inclusion." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

"The aim of this paper is to present, in their points of convergence and opposition, the main theoretical currents which have arisen around the concept of demographic transition in its application to Third World countries. Four currents are identified: structural functionalism, culturalism, Marxism and feminism. The authors identify two main trends in recent debates surrounding the question of transition in demography: on the one hand, convergence of macro-structural approaches and, on the other, greater opposition between the latter and those which favor cultural factors." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

"The demographic regime that historically characterizes any given society constitutes a complex whole in which several elements interact. In relation to marriages, we have been able to demonstrate that, for the City of Quebec during the French regime, the age of first marriages reflects a specific division of tasks according to sex within the family. At the same time, it is a reflection of the differences that exist in the possibilities for getting established and the requirements of rank among the various professional groups. Moreover, the study of matrimonial ties demonstrates the degree of professional endogamy, which is much stronger within the upper group (officers and merchants)." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

"In this paper the author presents a study of the spatial mobility of the Quebec population between 1966 and 1976, in the light of regional capitalist development. Based on an empirical operationalization of the concepts of mobility and development, the author demonstrates that Quebec presents a very irregular distribution of its poles of development over its territory, and that the mobility of the work force is in the image of this distribution. A few regions within the Montreal metropolitan area have attained a relatively evolved state of capitalist development and consequently are able to attract within their limits a large majority of migrants moving inside of or toward Quebec. In contrast, it can be observed that the majority of the regions in Quebec may be qualified as 'underdeveloped', and that their net mobility figures are negative." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

"The family files in the population network files of the Saguenay [Canada] are used here to isolate the social parameters of family reproduction in the region between 1842 and 1911, which corresponds to the period of population settlement. Particular attention is paid to a) the kinship tie as a support of rural society, as studied through several forms of coresidence, b) the inequalities accompanying the transmission of land and the establishment of children, and c) literacy as an indicator of social differentiation. It was observed that, despite disparities created between elder and younger sons and between boys and girls, family reproduction pursued an egalitarian course. This orientation was to be compromised, however, by the tensions and constraints accompanying the saturation of arable lands around 1920 to 1930." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

"The goal of this paper is to review those explanatory models that dominate social demography in Quebec. The classical organization of demography, which calls upon the three components of demographic reproduction--fertility, migration and mortality--is followed. The concluding part of the paper deals with the concept of 'demographic regime', which aims to bring the three components together into an overall theory of demographic reproduction. The paper shows that if the functionalist and empirical tradition (mostly American) has dominated the field of demography for a very long time, feminist and materialistic approaches have recently appeared for the interpretation of demographic realities." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)