Australian journal of biological sciences最新文献

英文中文

Effect of erythrocyte spectrin on actin self-association. 红细胞谱素对肌动蛋白自我结合的影响。

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870027

L. Tilley, G. Ralston

The polymerization of pyrene-labelled skeletal muscle actin has been monitored in the presence of chromatographically purified spectrin dimers and tetramers. A small but consistent effect of spectrin binding on the critical concentration was observed for actin polymerized in the presence of 1 mM MgCl2. These data were analysed using the principle of linked functions. Spectrin binds exclusively to the filamentous form of actin, and thereby stabilizes F-actin with respect to the G-form. The decrease in the critical concentration for actin polymerization, in the presence of spectrin, has been shown to be consistent with an equilibrium constant for the binding of spectrin to individual promoters within F-actin of approximately 8 X 10(5) M-1 at 23 degrees C, and an ionic strength of 7 mM.

在色谱纯化的谱蛋白二聚体和四聚体存在的情况下，对芘标记的骨骼肌肌动蛋白的聚合进行了监测。在1 mM MgCl2的存在下，观察到谱蛋白结合对肌动蛋白临界浓度的影响很小，但一致。利用关联函数原理对这些数据进行了分析。Spectrin只与丝状肌动蛋白结合，因此相对于g型肌动蛋白稳定f -肌动蛋白。在spectrin存在的情况下，肌动蛋白聚合临界浓度的降低与F-actin中spectrin与单个启动子结合的平衡常数一致，该平衡常数在23℃下约为8 X 10(5) M-1，离子强度为7 mM。

引用次数: 4

Structural differentiation and fluid reabsorption in the ductuli efferentes testis of the rat. 大鼠睾丸输尿管的结构分化和液体重吸收。

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870079

R. Jones, K. Jurd

The ductuli efferentes testis of the rat form a cord which is embedded in adipose tissue. The cord is anatomically differentiated into a proximal cylindrical region, the initial zone, and an ampulla, the coni vasculosi. The initial zone contains six or seven ductuli which leave the rete testis and run in a sinuous path, roughly parallel with one another. However, the ductuli in the coni vasculosi are more sinuous than in the initial zone and they anastomose; pairs join together to form ultimately a single, common ductulus efferens. Stereological studies of paraffin sections and electron micrographs showed that the differentiation of the ductuli into two parts can be recognized at tissue and cellular levels of organization. Stereological and micropuncture studies showed that the ductuli efferentes reabsorb most of the fluid leaving the testis and it was concluded that most reabsorption occurred in the initial zone. It was estimated that the rate of fluid absorption is greater in the ductuli efferentes than in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. The mechanism of fluid transport across the mucosa of the ductuli is considered in the Discussion. It is concluded that transport in vesicles and vacuoles could not account for the rate of fluid reabsorption and that the main mechanism of transport probably involves the coupling of water and active salt transport.

大鼠睾丸的滤管形成一束嵌在脂肪组织中的索。脊髓在解剖学上分为近端圆柱形区(初始区)和壶腹区(血管圆锥区)。最初的区域包含6或7个导管，它们离开睾丸网，以一条蜿蜒的路径运行，彼此大致平行。然而，大血管内的小管比初始区更弯曲，并相互吻合;成对连接在一起最终形成一个单一的，共同的小管。石蜡切片的体视学研究和电子显微照片显示，导管在组织和细胞水平上分化为两部分。体视学和微穿刺研究表明，大部分离开睾丸的液体被输出管重吸收，并得出结论，大部分重吸收发生在初始区。据估计，液体的吸收速率在输尿管小管比在近曲小管肾脏大。讨论中考虑了液体在导管粘膜上的输送机制。由此可见，在囊泡和液泡中的运输不能解释液体重吸收率，主要的运输机制可能是水和活性盐运输的耦合。

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引用次数: 65

Composition of Wax Made by the Australian Stingless Bee Trigona australis 澳洲无刺蜂(Trigona australis)蜡的组成

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870015

B. Milborrow, J. Kennedy, A. Dollin

Analysis of the nest material of T. australis by gas chromatography/chemical ionization-mass spectrometry showed the wax to comprise a hydrocarbon fraction (90%), esters (6%) and free acids . (4%). The major saturated hydrocarbons were C27, C31 and C33 with C2S and C29 being less abundant and C23 and C 3S being present in small amounts. Traces of the intermediate, even-numbered homologues were also found. Hydrocarbons (C31o C 33 and C 3S) which contained one double bond were also present and traces of the diene C3S were detected. The ester fraction did not contain compounds identical with those in beeswax made by the honeybee Apis melli/era and the acid fractions were also quite different. T. australis wax contained the following, saturated free acids: CIO (trace), C12, C14, C16, CIS and C20, monoenoic and dienoic CIS and C 20 and traces of the trienoic CIS. The wax of T. australis is colourless but the brown colour of the nest material derives from the inclusion of masses of pollen (Eucalyptus sp.) and solid material from the inside of the nest tree. The solid residue comprised between 12 and 30% by weight.

通过气相色谱/化学电离-质谱分析发现，南翅蚁巢的蜡主要由碳氢化合物(90%)、酯类(6%)和游离酸类组成。(4%)。饱和烃主要为C27、C31和C33, C2S和C29含量较少，C23和c3s含量较少。还发现了中间的偶数同源物的痕迹。含有一个双键的碳氢化合物(c310 - c33和C3S)也存在，并检测到痕量的二烯C3S。酯部分不含与美国蜜蜂(Apis melli/era)制蜂蜡相同的化合物，酸部分也有很大不同。南胡杨蜡中含有饱和游离酸:CIO(微量)、C12、C14、C16、CIS和C20、单、二烯体CIS和C20以及三烯体CIS的微量。南桉树的蜡是无色的，但巢材的棕色来自于包含大量花粉(桉树)和巢树内部的固体物质。固体残留物占重量的12%至30%。

引用次数: 23

Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. I. Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) 澳洲小翼目种界的电泳分辨。1 .夜蛾(翼翅目:夜蛾科)

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870143

M. Adams, P. Baverstock, C. Watts, T. Reardon

The technique of allozyme electrophoresis is used in the present study to define species boundaries in Australian Eptesicus. Until 1976, only one species of Eptesicus (E. pumilus) was recognized in Australia. More recently, a further four species have been recognised (E. vulturnus, E. regulus, E. sagittula and E. douglasl). Results obtained from an allozyme electrophoretic analysis of 35 loci in 182 individuals show that there are a minimum of nine species of Eptesicus in Australia. Moreover, in some geographic areas, up to four species occur sympatrically. These results highlight the applicability and significance of allozyme electrophoresis for the dissection of species complexes.

本研究采用同酶电泳技术确定了澳大利亚绿腹蛇的种界。直到1976年，澳大利亚只发现了一种Eptesicus (E. pumilus)。最近，又发现了四个物种(vulturnus、E. regulus、E. sagittula和E. douglasl)。对182个个体35个基因座的等位酶电泳分析结果表明，澳大利亚至少有9种长尾蠓。此外，在某些地理区域，多达四种共地发生。这些结果突出了等位酶电泳在物种复合物解剖中的适用性和意义。

引用次数: 58

Immunolocalization Studies of the High-sulfur Protein Fraction of Merino Wool using Monoclonal Antibodies 单克隆抗体对美利奴羊毛高硫蛋白片段的免疫定位研究

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870249

P. French, D. Hewish

Monoclonal antibodies raised to the high-sulfur fraction of solubilized wool protein were used to study the location of these proteins in sections of Merino sheep skin, using indirect immunofluorescence. Poor antibody binding was observed to untreated wool follicles, but mild trypsin digestion of the sections allowed penetration of the antibodies and specific antibody localization was observed. The high-sulfur protein monoclonal antibodies bound to the cells of the wool cortex in the keratogenous zone, and to the cells of the inner root sheath and fibre cuticle regions. The specificities of the antibodies were determined by their binding to high-sulfur proteins separated using high-performance liquid chromatography.

利用间接免疫荧光法，对可溶性羊毛蛋白高硫部分的单克隆抗体进行了研究，研究了这些蛋白在美利奴绵羊皮肤切片中的定位。未处理羊毛毛囊的抗体结合较差，但切片的胰蛋白酶消化程度较轻，允许抗体穿透，并观察到特异性抗体定位。高硫蛋白单克隆抗体与羊毛角质区皮层细胞、内根鞘和纤维角质层区细胞结合。抗体的特异性是通过与高效液相色谱分离的高硫蛋白结合来确定的。

引用次数: 2

Stress-induced changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and cortisol in response to routine surgical procedures in lambs. 应激引起的羔羊常规外科手术后免疫反应性β -内啡肽和皮质醇血浆浓度的变化

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870097

D. Shutt, L. Fell, R. Connell, A. K. Bell, C. Wallace, A. Smith

Following four different surgical procedures in lambs 3-5 weeks old, plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and cortisol were assayed at 15 min and 24 h as determinants of post-operative stress. A threefold increase in mean plasma beta-EP levels occurred 15 min after tail docking, and a maximal eight- to tenfold increase occurred in response to castration and/or mulesing with tail docking. Significant increments in mean plasma cortisol levels followed these surgical procedures with the maximal response 15 min after mulesing plus castration with tail docking. The physiologically active 'free' cortisol in plasma represents about 25% of the cortisol, as measured, and the two are highly correlated. At 24 h, beta-EP levels in all treated groups were similar to controls, although a small elevation in cortisol levels was still present in the lambs subjected to mulesing. Ultrafiltration of plasma extracts showed that peak beta-EP levels contained about 40% immunoreactivity from low molecular weight species (mol. wt less than 10,000). By specific radioimmunoassay and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography this comprised about 75% beta-EP1-31, the most potent analgesic endorphin, 10% beta-EP1-27, and 15% alpha-N-acetyl-beta-EP. Increased beta-EP1-31 levels may modulate post-operative pain in lambs.

在3-5周龄的羔羊进行四种不同的手术后，在15分钟和24小时检测血浆免疫反应性β -内啡肽(β - ep)和皮质醇作为术后应激的决定因素。断尾后15分钟，平均血浆β - ep水平增加3倍，阉割和/或割尾后最高增加8 - 10倍。这些手术后，平均血浆皮质醇水平显著增加，在除鼠+去势+截尾后15分钟达到最大反应。据测量，血浆中生理上活跃的“游离”皮质醇约占皮质醇的25%，两者高度相关。24小时时，所有处理组的β - ep水平与对照组相似，尽管小鼠体内的皮质醇水平仍有小幅升高。血浆提取物的超滤显示，β - ep的峰值水平含有约40%的低分子量物种(mol. wt小于10,000)的免疫反应性。通过特异性放射免疫测定和反相高效液相色谱法，该成分包括约75%的β - ep1 -31，最有效的镇痛内啡肽，10%的β - ep1 -27和15%的α - n -乙酰- β - ep。β - ep1 -31水平升高可能调节羔羊术后疼痛。

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引用次数: 81

Preliminary studies of the complement fixation test to confirm the diagnosis of bovine ephemeral fever. 补体固定试验诊断牛短暂热的初步研究。

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870137

W. Bai, F. Tian, C. Wang, C. Jiang, Z. G. Zhang

A strain of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus isolated in China in 1976 was adapted to growth in tissue cultures. A baby hamster kidney complement fixing (CF) antigen, stable at -20 degrees C for at least 120 days, was prepared from the BEF virus grown in tissue culture and used to test bovine sera for antibodies to that virus. CF antibodies were detected in all of 31 cattle after convalescence from experimental infection with BEF virus, in 208 (98%) of 213 cattle observed to have shown clinical ephemeral fever in an epidemic, in 96 cattle in these herds which did not show clinical signs of ephemeral fever and 16 cattle from herds in northern China outside the epidemic area. The CF antibodies to BEF virus were found to persist in 34 (89%) of 38 cattle which were bled 6 years after natural exposure to ephemeral fever. The CF antigen is economical to prepare and is suitable to differentiate ephemeral fever from other viral infections with which it could possibly be confused on clinical appearance.

1976年在中国分离的牛短暂热(BEF)病毒株适应于在组织培养中生长。用组织培养的BEF病毒制备了在-20℃下稳定至少120天的仓鼠肾补体固定(CF)抗原，并用于检测牛血清中对该病毒的抗体。实验感染BEF病毒后恢复期的31头牛全部检测到CF抗体，213头牛中有208头(98%)在疫情中表现出临床短暂性发热，96头牛未表现出临床短暂性发热症状，16头牛来自中国北方疫区以外的牛群。在自然接触短暂发热6年后出血的38头牛中，发现34头(89%)的CF抗体持续存在。CF抗原制备经济，适用于区分短暂性发热和其他可能在临床表现上与之混淆的病毒感染。

引用次数: 10

Adrenaline stimulation of phospholipid metabolism in adipocyte ghosts. 肾上腺素刺激脂肪细胞内磷脂代谢。

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/bi9870405

D Mann, A M Bersten

The incorporation of long-chain fatty acids into phospholipids has been detected in adipocyte ghosts that were incubated with [1-14 C] stearic, [1-14 C] linoleic or [1-14 C] arachidonic acid. Adrenaline and adenosine activated this incorporation within 15 s of exposure of the ghosts to the hormones and the response was dose dependent. Maximum incorporation of labelled linoleic acid occurred at 10(-5) M adrenaline and 10(-7) M adenosine. The alpha-agonist phenylephrine and the beta-agonist isoproterenol were also shown to stimulate the incorporation of fatty acid in a dose dependent manner. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were each labelled preferentially with linoleic or arachidonic acid. p-Bromophenacylbromide, quinacrine and centrophenoxine inhibited the adrenaline-stimulated incorporation of fatty acids into ghost membrane phospholipids, and p-bromophenacylbromide also reduced the activation of adenylate cyclase by adrenaline. NaF, an activator of adenylate cyclase, like adrenaline, stimulated the incorporation of linoleic acid into ghost membrane phospholipids.

在与[1- 14c]硬脂酸、[1- 14c]亚油酸或[1- 14c]花生四烯酸孵育的脂肪细胞中检测到长链脂肪酸与磷脂的结合。肾上腺素和腺苷在幽灵暴露于激素的15秒内激活了这种结合，并且反应是剂量依赖的。标记亚油酸的最大掺入发生在10(-5)M肾上腺素和10(-7)M腺苷。α激动剂苯肾上腺素和β激动剂异丙肾上腺素也显示出以剂量依赖的方式刺激脂肪酸的掺入。磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰肌醇分别优先用亚油酸或花生四烯酸标记。对溴苯酰溴、醌和正苯氧辛均能抑制肾上腺素刺激的脂肪酸与鬼膜磷脂的结合，并能降低肾上腺素对腺苷酸环化酶的激活。NaF是腺苷酸环化酶的活化剂，像肾上腺素一样，刺激亚油酸与鬼膜磷脂的结合。

引用次数: 1

Effects of coculture with uterine epithelial cells on the metabolism of glucose by mouse morulae and early blastocysts. 与子宫上皮细胞共培养对小鼠桑葚胚和早期囊胚葡萄糖代谢的影响。

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/bi9870389

N K Khurana, R G Wales

Coculture of mouse morulae/early blastocysts with isolated endometrial epithelial cells reduced incorporation of glucose carbon into embryonic glycogen but had no significant effect on incorporation into other internal carbon pools during a 5-h culture in serum-supplemented Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's minimum essential medium. Turnover of glycogen pools during 24-h chase culture of pulse-labelled embryos was unaffected by the presence of uterine epithelial cells recovered from day-4 pregnant or non-pregnant mice. However, significantly more label was retained in non-glycogen macromolecules during chase in the presence of endometrium recovered from non-pregnant than from pregnant uteri.

小鼠胚泡/早期囊胚与分离的子宫内膜上皮细胞共培养可减少葡萄糖碳入入胚胎糖原，但在添加血清的Dulbecco's修饰Eagle's最低基本培养基中培养5小时后，对葡萄糖碳入入其他内部碳库没有显著影响。在脉冲标记胚胎24小时追逐培养过程中，糖原池的周转不受妊娠第4天或未妊娠小鼠恢复的子宫上皮细胞的影响。然而，在追逐过程中，非糖原大分子中保留的标签明显多于从未怀孕子宫恢复的子宫内膜。

引用次数: 17

Genetic architecture and adaptation: quantitative analysis of sheep and refuse tip populations of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. 遗传结构和适应性:澳大利亚羊蝇和粪梢种群的定量分析。

Australian journal of biological sciences

Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/BI9870047

G. M. Clarke, J. A. Mckenzie

Phenotypic differentiation between geographic areas and between sheep and adjacent refuse tip populations was assessed by quantitative analysis of population samples of L. cuprina from New South Wales (Lismore) and Victoria (Mansfield). In addition the genetic structure of populations has been defined and compared by biometrical analysis techniques. For all morphological and fitness characters examined significant phenotypic differentiation was observed both between geographic localities and between sheep and non-sheep populations of each locality. Diallel analysis of the populations revealed architectural differences between sheep and non-sheep populations for both fecundity and egg hatchability. Sheep populations only, regardless of locality, displayed dominant gene effects on these fitness traits. The results suggest that refuse tip populations may be other than transients and that the differentiation may reflect differing patterns of adaptation and history of selection of the populations. The relevance of such differentiation to the successful establishment of a chemical and/or autocidal control zone is considered.

通过定量分析新南威尔士州(利斯莫尔)和维多利亚州(曼斯菲尔德)的铜绿螺旋体种群样本，评估了地理区域之间以及绵羊与邻近垃圾场种群之间的表型差异。此外，群体的遗传结构已被定义并通过生物特征分析技术进行比较。所有形态和适合度性状在地理位置之间以及在每个地方的绵羊和非绵羊群体之间都观察到显著的表型分化。双列杂交分析揭示了绵羊种群和非绵羊种群在繁殖力和卵孵化率方面的结构差异。只有绵羊群体，无论在什么地方，对这些适合性状表现出显性基因效应。结果表明，垃圾场种群可能不是短暂的，其分化可能反映了种群的不同适应模式和选择历史。考虑到这种分化与成功建立化学和/或自杀控制区的相关性。

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