Genital infections, in both men and women, may cause permanent functional damage to the reproductive tract resulting in infertility. In men, post-infection infertility is uncommon, whereas in women sequelae after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are the most common cause of acquired infertility. In a prospective cohort study of women who all sought pregnancy after laparoscopically verified acute (non-tuberculous) salpingitis, 141/1309 (10.8%) were infertile because of proven post-PID tubal occlusion. In 448 control women, the corresponding figures were 4/448 (0.9%). Of independent and significant importance for post-PID infertility were the numbers of PID episodes (0/1/2 or= 3: RRs 1.0/7.0/16.2/28.3), and in women with only one PID episode, the severity of infection (mild/moderate/severe; RRs 1/1.8/5.6), delayed care (3 days/3 or more days; RR 1/2.8), use of contraceptives (none/pills/IUDs/other; RRs 1/0.3/0.5/0.8). Similar influences of the same variables were also demonstrated for subfertility, i.e. ectopic pregnancy, and time between index laparoscopy and pregnancy in those women who conceived after PID.
{"title":"Effect of pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility.","authors":"L Westrom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genital infections, in both men and women, may cause permanent functional damage to the reproductive tract resulting in infertility. In men, post-infection infertility is uncommon, whereas in women sequelae after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are the most common cause of acquired infertility. In a prospective cohort study of women who all sought pregnancy after laparoscopically verified acute (non-tuberculous) salpingitis, 141/1309 (10.8%) were infertile because of proven post-PID tubal occlusion. In 448 control women, the corresponding figures were 4/448 (0.9%). Of independent and significant importance for post-PID infertility were the numbers of PID episodes (0/1/2 or= 3: RRs 1.0/7.0/16.2/28.3), and in women with only one PID episode, the severity of infection (mild/moderate/severe; RRs 1/1.8/5.6), delayed care (3 days/3 or more days; RR 1/2.8), use of contraceptives (none/pills/IUDs/other; RRs 1/0.3/0.5/0.8). Similar influences of the same variables were also demonstrated for subfertility, i.e. ectopic pregnancy, and time between index laparoscopy and pregnancy in those women who conceived after PID.</p>","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 4","pages":"219-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22018643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STD / AIDS -- the need for a global response.","authors":"S T Han","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 4","pages":"211-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22018642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The policy dimensions of HIV / AIDS in the Philippines.","authors":"V Ortega, B Tiongco","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 3","pages":"141-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding AIDS in Asia: editorial comment.","authors":"T M Bagasao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 3","pages":"136-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the HIV / AIDS context in Pakistan.","authors":"S Ali, R Khinani, W U Tariq, S A Shah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 3","pages":"160-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prophylactic vaccine trials: what is different about HIV?","authors":"S Kippax, J Crawford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 3","pages":"178-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responses to HIV / AIDS: the case of Malaysia.","authors":"S Chong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 3","pages":"149-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HIV infection among patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Madras, southern India.","authors":"N M Samuel, K Jeyapaul, B P Rajan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 2","pages":"89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The implications of breastfeeding on a sexual health practice.","authors":"K Cook","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85831,"journal":{"name":"Venereology : official publication of the National Venereology Council of Australia","volume":"8 2","pages":"92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22017982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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