Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2271547
A. J. W. Everts, L. D. Alessio, C. J. Connell
A case study from eastern Australia is used to demonstrate methods for subsurface high-grading and development-concept optimisation in Coal Seam Gas resource plays. We discuss two aspects of subsur...
{"title":"Subsurface high-grading potential in Coal Seam Gas in eastern Australia","authors":"A. J. W. Everts, L. D. Alessio, C. J. Connell","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2271547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2271547","url":null,"abstract":"A case study from eastern Australia is used to demonstrate methods for subsurface high-grading and development-concept optimisation in Coal Seam Gas resource plays. We discuss two aspects of subsur...","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2272678
R. P. Bourman, C. V. Murray-Wallace, D. Panda, S. Buckman, D. Banerjee, D. D. Ryan, L. T. White
A high-level coastal boulder field at Whalers Way, southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, occurs at elevations of 20–30 m above present sea-level on a gently seaward-sloping, karst-weathered calcrete-capped structural bench, formed on the Upper Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation and underlying Carnot Gneisses (Archean–Paleoproterozoic Sleaford Complex). More than 1000 ex situ boulders, cobbles and pebbles of gneiss and mafic igneous rocks, as well as fragments of calcrete, occur within the boulder field and cover an area >6000 m2. All the crystalline rock clasts are derived locally from bedrock outcrops along the adjacent coastline, where metasedimentary granulite-facies of the Carnot Gneisses crop out along shore platforms and their backing cliffs, close to present sea-level. The boulder field is younger than Marine Isotope Sub-Stage 5a (MIS 5a; ca 80 ka) based on amino acid racemisation ‘whole-rock’ analyses of calcarenite of the Bridgewater Formation, which forms the calcrete bench on which the boulder field rests. The boulder field wraps around the western extremity of cliff-top dunes dated at 18–17 ka by optically stimulated luminescence, implying that the boulder deposit post-dates the formation of the cliff-top dunes. Given that the clasts in the boulder field show minimal weathering rinds, sea-level during the Last Glacial Maximum was some 125 m lower than present and that between 80 and 7 ka ago, sea-level never attained present levels within the region, emplacement of the boulder field by a high-energy wave event in the Holocene highstand, following the 7000 years BP culmination of post-Glacial sea-level rise, is suggested. Storm waves, rather than a tsunami, most likely explain the emplacement of the boulder field.
{"title":"Tsunami or storm? A high-level coastal boulder field on the southern tip of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia","authors":"R. P. Bourman, C. V. Murray-Wallace, D. Panda, S. Buckman, D. Banerjee, D. D. Ryan, L. T. White","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2272678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2272678","url":null,"abstract":"A high-level coastal boulder field at Whalers Way, southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, occurs at elevations of 20–30 m above present sea-level on a gently seaward-sloping, karst-weathered calcrete-capped structural bench, formed on the Upper Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation and underlying Carnot Gneisses (Archean–Paleoproterozoic Sleaford Complex). More than 1000 ex situ boulders, cobbles and pebbles of gneiss and mafic igneous rocks, as well as fragments of calcrete, occur within the boulder field and cover an area >6000 m2. All the crystalline rock clasts are derived locally from bedrock outcrops along the adjacent coastline, where metasedimentary granulite-facies of the Carnot Gneisses crop out along shore platforms and their backing cliffs, close to present sea-level. The boulder field is younger than Marine Isotope Sub-Stage 5a (MIS 5a; ca 80 ka) based on amino acid racemisation ‘whole-rock’ analyses of calcarenite of the Bridgewater Formation, which forms the calcrete bench on which the boulder field rests. The boulder field wraps around the western extremity of cliff-top dunes dated at 18–17 ka by optically stimulated luminescence, implying that the boulder deposit post-dates the formation of the cliff-top dunes. Given that the clasts in the boulder field show minimal weathering rinds, sea-level during the Last Glacial Maximum was some 125 m lower than present and that between 80 and 7 ka ago, sea-level never attained present levels within the region, emplacement of the boulder field by a high-energy wave event in the Holocene highstand, following the 7000 years BP culmination of post-Glacial sea-level rise, is suggested. Storm waves, rather than a tsunami, most likely explain the emplacement of the boulder field.","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2263883
A-K. Zhang, S-Y. He, Y. Zhang, J-L. Sun, Y. Qian
AbstractThe Late Triassic igneous rocks associated with post-collision are widely distributed in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), but their specific dynamic mechanism and evolutional process are still controversial. To address these key issues, we investigated the geochronology and geochemistry of intermediate–felsic igneous rocks from the EKOB, including trachyandesite, rhyolite, porphyritic monzogranite, syenogranite, granite porphyry and crystalline tuff. Zircon U–Pb isotopes of these rocks indicate that they were formed between 231.1 and 215.8 Ma (i.e. Late Triassic). These igneous rocks have moderate to high SiO2 (60.29–79.56 wt%) and low mantle compatible element contents (e.g. Co: 0.37–12.62 ppm; Ni: 1.55–15.59 ppm), suggesting that continental crustal-derived material played an important role in their formation. Porphyritic monzogranite (231.1 Ma), syenogranite (228.1 Ma), trachyandesite (227.4 Ma) and rhyolite (215.8 Ma) have Nb/U (1.41–4.71) and Ce/Pb (1.48–6.19) ratios like that of the crust, with εHf(t) values (–1.31 to 2.26) and old two-stage model (TDM2) ages of 1340–1119 Ma, suggesting that they originated from the partial melting of a Mesoproterozoic crust with minor mantle material involved in their source. Crystalline tuff (224.6 Ma) and granite porphyry (222.3 Ma) have Nb/U (1.93–3.81) and Ce/Pb (0.30–3.18) ratios, negative εHf(t) values (–7.04 to −5.12) and old TDM2 ages (1703–1581 Ma) closer to those of crust, suggesting that they were derived from the partial melting of a Paleo–Mesoproterozoic continental crust without addition of mantle material. Based on our new data and published data, the Late Triassic igneous rocks from the EKOB can be divided into three stages, 236–227, 226–218 and 216–208 Ma, corresponding to slab break-off, lithospheric mantle delamination and thickened lower crust delamination, respectively.KEY POINTSThe intermediate–felsic igneous rocks from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt are dated from 231.1 to 215.8 Ma (i.e. Late Triassic).These igneous rocks were derived from the partial melting of ancient continental crust.The Late Triassic igneous rocks from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt can be divided into three stages, including slab break-off, lithospheric mantle delamination and thickened lower crust delamination.Keywords: East Kunlun Orogenic BeltLate Triassicpost-collisional magmatismgeodynamic evolutionintermediate–felsic igneous rocksslab break-offdelamination Data availability statementThe authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and the Supplemental data.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research was funded by the Key Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92062217), the Kunlun Talents High-end Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Project of Qinghai Province ([2022] No. 32), the Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Pr
{"title":"Geodynamic evolution in the post-collisional stage of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: constraints from the Late Triassic intermediate–felsic igneous rocks","authors":"A-K. Zhang, S-Y. He, Y. Zhang, J-L. Sun, Y. Qian","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2263883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2263883","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe Late Triassic igneous rocks associated with post-collision are widely distributed in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), but their specific dynamic mechanism and evolutional process are still controversial. To address these key issues, we investigated the geochronology and geochemistry of intermediate–felsic igneous rocks from the EKOB, including trachyandesite, rhyolite, porphyritic monzogranite, syenogranite, granite porphyry and crystalline tuff. Zircon U–Pb isotopes of these rocks indicate that they were formed between 231.1 and 215.8 Ma (i.e. Late Triassic). These igneous rocks have moderate to high SiO2 (60.29–79.56 wt%) and low mantle compatible element contents (e.g. Co: 0.37–12.62 ppm; Ni: 1.55–15.59 ppm), suggesting that continental crustal-derived material played an important role in their formation. Porphyritic monzogranite (231.1 Ma), syenogranite (228.1 Ma), trachyandesite (227.4 Ma) and rhyolite (215.8 Ma) have Nb/U (1.41–4.71) and Ce/Pb (1.48–6.19) ratios like that of the crust, with εHf(t) values (–1.31 to 2.26) and old two-stage model (TDM2) ages of 1340–1119 Ma, suggesting that they originated from the partial melting of a Mesoproterozoic crust with minor mantle material involved in their source. Crystalline tuff (224.6 Ma) and granite porphyry (222.3 Ma) have Nb/U (1.93–3.81) and Ce/Pb (0.30–3.18) ratios, negative εHf(t) values (–7.04 to −5.12) and old TDM2 ages (1703–1581 Ma) closer to those of crust, suggesting that they were derived from the partial melting of a Paleo–Mesoproterozoic continental crust without addition of mantle material. Based on our new data and published data, the Late Triassic igneous rocks from the EKOB can be divided into three stages, 236–227, 226–218 and 216–208 Ma, corresponding to slab break-off, lithospheric mantle delamination and thickened lower crust delamination, respectively.KEY POINTSThe intermediate–felsic igneous rocks from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt are dated from 231.1 to 215.8 Ma (i.e. Late Triassic).These igneous rocks were derived from the partial melting of ancient continental crust.The Late Triassic igneous rocks from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt can be divided into three stages, including slab break-off, lithospheric mantle delamination and thickened lower crust delamination.Keywords: East Kunlun Orogenic BeltLate Triassicpost-collisional magmatismgeodynamic evolutionintermediate–felsic igneous rocksslab break-offdelamination Data availability statementThe authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and the Supplemental data.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research was funded by the Key Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92062217), the Kunlun Talents High-end Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Project of Qinghai Province ([2022] No. 32), the Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Pr","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2264355
C. J. Carson, N. Kositcin, J. R. Anderson, P. A. Henson
New SHRIMP U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology on Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic siliciclastic rocks from the South Nicholson region, in concert with recently acquired complementary regional geophysical datasets, have enabled comprehensive revision of the regional Proterozoic tectono-stratigraphy. The identification of analogous detrital zircon spectra of units deposited in half-graben hanging walls of major east-northeast-trending extensional faults, offers compelling evidence for regional tectono-stratigraphic correlation. This study sampled units from the hanging walls of the Benmara, Bauhinia, and Maloney-Mitchiebo (east-northeast-trending) faults, which identified immature proximal lithofacies hosting a small yet persistent population of ca 1660–1640 Ma aged zircon and lack Mesoproterozoic detritus. The timing of this event is consistent with deposition coincident with crustal extension during the extensional River Event at ca 1640 Ma, an event previously identified from the Lawn Hill Platform in western Queensland. This finding suggests the hanging wall sequences are chrono-stratigraphically equivalent to the highly prospective sedimentary rocks of the Isa Superbasin, host to world-class sediment-hosted base metals deposits across western Queensland and northeastern Northern Territory. Subsequent inversion of the extensional faults resulted in development of south-verging thrusts, and exhumation of late Paleoproterozoic hanging wall siliciclastic rocks through overlying Mesoproterozoic South Nicholson Group rocks as fault propagated roll-over anticlines. These geochronology data and interpretations necessitate revision of the existing stratigraphy and the renaming of a number of stratigraphic units in the South Nicholson region. Accordingly, the distribution of the highly prospective late Paleoproterozoic units of the McArthur Basin, Lawn Hill Platform and Mount Isa Province is greatly expanded across the South Nicholson region. These findings imply that the underexplored South Nicholson region is a highly prospective greenfield area for energy and mineral resources.
South Nicholson地区中元古代和古元古代硅质碎屑岩的SHRIMP U-Pb碎屑锆石年代学研究，结合最近获得的互补区域地球物理数据集，对区域元古代构造地层学进行了全面修正。在东-东北向主要伸展断裂的半地堑上壁上沉积单元的类似碎屑锆石谱的识别，为区域构造-地层对比提供了有力的证据。本马拉断裂带、Bauhinia断裂带和Maloney-Mitchiebo断裂带(东-东北走向)上盘的岩石样本表明，未发育成熟的近端岩相中含有少量的1660-1640 Ma的锆石，缺乏中元古代碎屑。该事件发生的时间与约1640 Ma的伸展性河流事件(先前在昆士兰州西部的Lawn Hill台地发现的事件)期间沉积与地壳伸展相一致。这一发现表明，上盘序列在年代地层学上与Isa超级盆地的极具前景的沉积岩相当，Isa超级盆地在昆士兰州西部和北领地东北部拥有世界级的沉积型贱金属矿床。随后伸展断裂的反转导致南向逆冲的发育，并通过上覆的中元古代南尼克尔森群岩石作为断层传播的翻滚背斜，将晚古元古代上盘硅质碎屑岩铲出。这些地质年代学数据和解释需要修订现有的地层学，并重新命名南尼科尔森地区的一些地层单位。据此，McArthur盆地、Lawn Hill台地和Mount Isa省极具勘探前景的晚古元古代单元在South Nicholson地区的分布得到了极大的扩展。这些发现表明，未开发的南尼科尔森地区是一个能源和矿产资源极具前景的绿地地区。
{"title":"A revised Proterozoic tectono-stratigraphy of the South Nicholson region, Northern Territory, Australia—insights from SHRIMP U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology","authors":"C. J. Carson, N. Kositcin, J. R. Anderson, P. A. Henson","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2264355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2264355","url":null,"abstract":"New SHRIMP U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology on Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic siliciclastic rocks from the South Nicholson region, in concert with recently acquired complementary regional geophysical datasets, have enabled comprehensive revision of the regional Proterozoic tectono-stratigraphy. The identification of analogous detrital zircon spectra of units deposited in half-graben hanging walls of major east-northeast-trending extensional faults, offers compelling evidence for regional tectono-stratigraphic correlation. This study sampled units from the hanging walls of the Benmara, Bauhinia, and Maloney-Mitchiebo (east-northeast-trending) faults, which identified immature proximal lithofacies hosting a small yet persistent population of ca 1660–1640 Ma aged zircon and lack Mesoproterozoic detritus. The timing of this event is consistent with deposition coincident with crustal extension during the extensional River Event at ca 1640 Ma, an event previously identified from the Lawn Hill Platform in western Queensland. This finding suggests the hanging wall sequences are chrono-stratigraphically equivalent to the highly prospective sedimentary rocks of the Isa Superbasin, host to world-class sediment-hosted base metals deposits across western Queensland and northeastern Northern Territory. Subsequent inversion of the extensional faults resulted in development of south-verging thrusts, and exhumation of late Paleoproterozoic hanging wall siliciclastic rocks through overlying Mesoproterozoic South Nicholson Group rocks as fault propagated roll-over anticlines. These geochronology data and interpretations necessitate revision of the existing stratigraphy and the renaming of a number of stratigraphic units in the South Nicholson region. Accordingly, the distribution of the highly prospective late Paleoproterozoic units of the McArthur Basin, Lawn Hill Platform and Mount Isa Province is greatly expanded across the South Nicholson region. These findings imply that the underexplored South Nicholson region is a highly prospective greenfield area for energy and mineral resources.","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2259451
R. L. Gardner, N. R. Daczko, S. Piazolo
Oceanic core complexes provide an accessible window into deep processes occurring at slow and ultra-slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. We analyse samples from IODP ocean drilling of core complexes at the Atlantis Bank, Atlantis Massif, and near the Kane Transform at the South West Indian and Mid-Atlantic ridges. We correlate secondary minerals, including oxides, with sites of melt migration. We interpret changes to mineral assemblage and microchemistry, reaction textures and melt-pseudomorph microstructures as fingerprints of open-system melt-mediated processes. This micro-scale information is combined with a macro-scale review of legacy mineral chemistry data to show that melt-fluxed rocks share remarkably similar characteristics across the three core complexes investigated. These are rich in oxides and have olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene grains that are chemically distinct from oxide-poor gabbros. We propose that oceanic crust fluxed with external melt can be recognised by the following key features: (1) high modes of secondary minerals, such as oxides and olivine, (2) microstructural evidence for the former presence of melt, and (3) mineral chemistry differences between primary and secondary olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Importantly, olivine has previously only been reported as primary, that is, having crystallised from magma. However, our results show that gabbros with secondary olivine are reliable indictors of melt–rock interaction during deformation-assisted diffuse melt migration through the gabbroic oceanic crust. Finally, we propose a new model for the formation of oceanic core complexes where deformation-assisted melt migration plays a critical role in strain localisation, exhumation and evolution of the core complex.
{"title":"The critical role of deformation-assisted melt migration in the formation of oceanic core complexes","authors":"R. L. Gardner, N. R. Daczko, S. Piazolo","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2259451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2259451","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic core complexes provide an accessible window into deep processes occurring at slow and ultra-slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. We analyse samples from IODP ocean drilling of core complexes at the Atlantis Bank, Atlantis Massif, and near the Kane Transform at the South West Indian and Mid-Atlantic ridges. We correlate secondary minerals, including oxides, with sites of melt migration. We interpret changes to mineral assemblage and microchemistry, reaction textures and melt-pseudomorph microstructures as fingerprints of open-system melt-mediated processes. This micro-scale information is combined with a macro-scale review of legacy mineral chemistry data to show that melt-fluxed rocks share remarkably similar characteristics across the three core complexes investigated. These are rich in oxides and have olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene grains that are chemically distinct from oxide-poor gabbros. We propose that oceanic crust fluxed with external melt can be recognised by the following key features: (1) high modes of secondary minerals, such as oxides and olivine, (2) microstructural evidence for the former presence of melt, and (3) mineral chemistry differences between primary and secondary olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Importantly, olivine has previously only been reported as primary, that is, having crystallised from magma. However, our results show that gabbros with secondary olivine are reliable indictors of melt–rock interaction during deformation-assisted diffuse melt migration through the gabbroic oceanic crust. Finally, we propose a new model for the formation of oceanic core complexes where deformation-assisted melt migration plays a critical role in strain localisation, exhumation and evolution of the core complex.","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135045610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2254813
D. H. Moore, R. J. Armit
The Strathbogie Complex is a large granitic body in north central Victoria. Previous detailed mapping of part of its western and southern boundary suggested that the body was relatively thin, probably less than 1 km. However, forward modelling its gravity response suggests the complex is thicker, perhaps more than 6 km in its deepest parts. The only way the measured gravity response could be modelled to fit a maximum thickness of 1.5 km is with an unrealistically low density. While not definitive, the modelling provides a warning that, where available, even excellent surface mapping should be combined with other data to obtain the most realistic subsurface geometries.
{"title":"How thick is the Strathbogie Complex?","authors":"D. H. Moore, R. J. Armit","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2254813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2254813","url":null,"abstract":"The Strathbogie Complex is a large granitic body in north central Victoria. Previous detailed mapping of part of its western and southern boundary suggested that the body was relatively thin, probably less than 1 km. However, forward modelling its gravity response suggests the complex is thicker, perhaps more than 6 km in its deepest parts. The only way the measured gravity response could be modelled to fit a maximum thickness of 1.5 km is with an unrealistically low density. While not definitive, the modelling provides a warning that, where available, even excellent surface mapping should be combined with other data to obtain the most realistic subsurface geometries.","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2242908
H. Taylor, A. Dosseto, J. Farkas, A. Kingston, A. Lorrey, B. Shen
Abstract The end of the Cryogenian glaciations undoubtedly affected the chemistry of the Neoproterozoic oceans, with potential consequences for the evolution of life; the duration and extent of this influence are poorly constrained. Lithium (Li) isotopes in carbonates can be used to investigate past weathering events and riverine input into the oceans. Here, we report the Li isotope (δ7Li) composition of the Ediacaran cap dolostones (Marinoan) from the Nuccaleena Formation, South Australia and the Doushantuo Formation, South China to investigate changes in weathering during the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation. The origin of dolomite formation is still hotly debated, and the inability to precipitate dolomite at ambient temperatures (the ‘dolomite problem’) has not yet been resolved. The dominant hypothesis for the presence of marine dolomite is that it is of secondary origin, owing to diagenetic replacement of calcium carbonate, but a second hypothesis is that it forms as a result of primary marine deposition; both are plausible hypotheses. Using carbon isotopes (δ13C) and ratios of manganese and strontium (Mn/Sr), we suggest that diagenesis may not have significantly altered the δ7Li composition of the primary dolomite, but this cannot be discounted without further diagenetic modelling. As a result, we cannot infer the δ7Li composition of the Ediacaran oceans, as further work must be done to address the impact of diagenesis on the δ7Li values. Nevertheless, this dataset contributes to a Li isotope chemostratigraphic record of the Proterozoic, which is a key element to understanding the emergence of complex life. KEY POINTS New lithium isotope data for the Nuccaleena Formation. New lithium isotope data for the Doushantuo Formation. We discuss the role of diagenesis in cap carbonate formation and its influence on reconstructing seawater δ7Li compositions.
{"title":"Lithium isotope composition of Ediacaran dolostones from the Nuccaleena and Doushantuo formations","authors":"H. Taylor, A. Dosseto, J. Farkas, A. Kingston, A. Lorrey, B. Shen","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2242908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2242908","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The end of the Cryogenian glaciations undoubtedly affected the chemistry of the Neoproterozoic oceans, with potential consequences for the evolution of life; the duration and extent of this influence are poorly constrained. Lithium (Li) isotopes in carbonates can be used to investigate past weathering events and riverine input into the oceans. Here, we report the Li isotope (δ7Li) composition of the Ediacaran cap dolostones (Marinoan) from the Nuccaleena Formation, South Australia and the Doushantuo Formation, South China to investigate changes in weathering during the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation. The origin of dolomite formation is still hotly debated, and the inability to precipitate dolomite at ambient temperatures (the ‘dolomite problem’) has not yet been resolved. The dominant hypothesis for the presence of marine dolomite is that it is of secondary origin, owing to diagenetic replacement of calcium carbonate, but a second hypothesis is that it forms as a result of primary marine deposition; both are plausible hypotheses. Using carbon isotopes (δ13C) and ratios of manganese and strontium (Mn/Sr), we suggest that diagenesis may not have significantly altered the δ7Li composition of the primary dolomite, but this cannot be discounted without further diagenetic modelling. As a result, we cannot infer the δ7Li composition of the Ediacaran oceans, as further work must be done to address the impact of diagenesis on the δ7Li values. Nevertheless, this dataset contributes to a Li isotope chemostratigraphic record of the Proterozoic, which is a key element to understanding the emergence of complex life. KEY POINTS New lithium isotope data for the Nuccaleena Formation. New lithium isotope data for the Doushantuo Formation. We discuss the role of diagenesis in cap carbonate formation and its influence on reconstructing seawater δ7Li compositions.","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42443027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2228857
J. Vearncombe, T. Blenkinsop, B. Waele, B. Hobbs
{"title":"The use of structural geology in the mineral exploration industry","authors":"J. Vearncombe, T. Blenkinsop, B. Waele, B. Hobbs","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2228857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2228857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"899 - 907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2239315
G. Peng, P. Liu, B. Ma, J. Ge
{"title":"Variability of syn-rift geometry in Pearl River Mouth Basin, China: implications for faulting patterns in two-phase rift basins","authors":"G. Peng, P. Liu, B. Ma, J. Ge","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2239315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2239315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2023.2234971
T. Crossingham, T. Ubide, P. Vasconcelos, K. Knesel
Abstract Small-scale continental basaltic fields can erupt with little warning and bring deep undegassed magmas to the surface rapidly. To explore the lifetime, petrogenesis and plumbing system architecture feeding such basaltic lava fields and compare them with large-scale shield volcanoes, we have focused on the Hoy lava field, central Queensland, Australia. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, elemental and isotopic whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry on selected Hoy samples reveal long-lived volcanism of ca 50 Ma and magma storage at mantle depths, notably different from the comparatively short duration (3–5 Myr) and crustal magma storage depths of shield volcanoes. In this study, four Hoy lava-field eruptive intervals spanning ca 50 Ma were investigated: 67.5 ± 0.3 Ma, 32.3 ± 0.6–31.6 ± 0.7 Ma, 21.9 ± 0.5 Ma and 18.1 ± 0.3 Ma. In all four eruptive events, samples are porphyritic alkali basalts and trachybasalts (11.41–6.45 wt% MgO) with incompatible element concentrations and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios dominantly derived from a metasomatised sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source with an enriched mantle I (EMI) signature. Complex crystal populations show major- and trace-element variations reflecting fractional crystallisation, magma recharge, magma mixing and mantle xenocryst entrainment. Clinopyroxene–melt thermobarometry indicates magma storage in SCLM reservoirs at ∼30–47 km depths. The nearby larger but shorter-lived (3–5 Myr) Buckland central volcano has similar source compositions; however, magma storage is limited and concentrated in the crust, resulting in increased crustal contamination. The results suggest that basaltic centres of contrasting scale and longevity are linked to distinct magma production mechanisms, fluxes, ascent and differentiation. KEY POINTS The Hoy lava field erupted for over 50 Ma, with at least four eruptive periods. The Hoy magmas are all derived from the same source: SCLM with an EMI signature. Hoy lavas have a complex history of magma recharge, magma mixing, fractionation and xenocryst entrainment at mantle depths (30–47 km). Hoy lavas experienced deeper storage, limited contamination and faster ascent than the nearby Buckland central volcano.
{"title":"Petrogenesis of the Hoy lava field, a long-lived continental mafic volcanic province in eastern Australia","authors":"T. Crossingham, T. Ubide, P. Vasconcelos, K. Knesel","doi":"10.1080/08120099.2023.2234971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2234971","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small-scale continental basaltic fields can erupt with little warning and bring deep undegassed magmas to the surface rapidly. To explore the lifetime, petrogenesis and plumbing system architecture feeding such basaltic lava fields and compare them with large-scale shield volcanoes, we have focused on the Hoy lava field, central Queensland, Australia. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, elemental and isotopic whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry on selected Hoy samples reveal long-lived volcanism of ca 50 Ma and magma storage at mantle depths, notably different from the comparatively short duration (3–5 Myr) and crustal magma storage depths of shield volcanoes. In this study, four Hoy lava-field eruptive intervals spanning ca 50 Ma were investigated: 67.5 ± 0.3 Ma, 32.3 ± 0.6–31.6 ± 0.7 Ma, 21.9 ± 0.5 Ma and 18.1 ± 0.3 Ma. In all four eruptive events, samples are porphyritic alkali basalts and trachybasalts (11.41–6.45 wt% MgO) with incompatible element concentrations and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios dominantly derived from a metasomatised sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source with an enriched mantle I (EMI) signature. Complex crystal populations show major- and trace-element variations reflecting fractional crystallisation, magma recharge, magma mixing and mantle xenocryst entrainment. Clinopyroxene–melt thermobarometry indicates magma storage in SCLM reservoirs at ∼30–47 km depths. The nearby larger but shorter-lived (3–5 Myr) Buckland central volcano has similar source compositions; however, magma storage is limited and concentrated in the crust, resulting in increased crustal contamination. The results suggest that basaltic centres of contrasting scale and longevity are linked to distinct magma production mechanisms, fluxes, ascent and differentiation. KEY POINTS The Hoy lava field erupted for over 50 Ma, with at least four eruptive periods. The Hoy magmas are all derived from the same source: SCLM with an EMI signature. Hoy lavas have a complex history of magma recharge, magma mixing, fractionation and xenocryst entrainment at mantle depths (30–47 km). Hoy lavas experienced deeper storage, limited contamination and faster ascent than the nearby Buckland central volcano.","PeriodicalId":8601,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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