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International record of medicine and general practice clinics最新文献

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Victor Robinson: a romantic medical historian. 维克多·罗宾逊:一位浪漫的医学历史学家。
G ROSEN
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引用次数: 0
Recognition of mental deficiency in infancy. 对婴儿期智力缺陷的认识。
O BRIDGMAN
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引用次数: 0
Some observations on the epidemic of Asian influenza in Jerusalem. 关于亚洲流感在耶路撒冷流行的一些观察。
A BRAND-AURABAN
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引用次数: 0
Shakespeare's psychiatry, and after. 莎士比亚的精神病学,以及之后。
Pub Date : 1959-01-22 DOI: 10.2307/2866854
W. Overholser
E live in an age of psychology.* Daily we read of mental mechanisms, of complexes, of the unconscious, of feelings of inferiority, of Freud and Jung, of psychosomatic medicine and of "tranquilizers". There is a growing public appreciation of the facts relating to mental disorder and to normal mental functioning, while the care of the mentally ill in hospitals and clinics receives much attention from legislative bodies and the general public. Today the mentally ill are looked upon as treatable, as sick, not of their own fault, and they are viewed with vastly greater compassion than was the case even seventy-five years ago. In all ages men have been interested in human behavior and motivations, and have attempted in one way or another to explain mental peculiarities. We flatter ourselves that we understand much more about the vagaries of human behavior than we did even a quarter of a century ago, but there certainly are still many gaps in our knowledge. If with all our present understanding of psychology, of physiology and anatomy, of the effects of environment, early nurture and heredity, we still have much to learn, what should we expect of the attitudes and knowledge in the time of Shakespeare, now nearly 400 years ago? Just as today, there were then generally held beliefs on the nature, the causation and the treatment of mental disorder. It seems appropriate on the occasion of this, the anniversary of the birth of the great dramatist, to review some of the notions that were prevalent in his day and that, like everything else which was of common knowledge then, were familiar to him. In Elizabethan times there was, of course, no such word as "psychiatry", and the related word "psychology" was invented by a German only in the latter part of Shakespeare's life (i59o). The word "psychiatry" so far has been traced back to i8i7, but it did not gain common currency until the close of World War I. There is no question that in Shakespeare's time, as in all periods of human history, there were persons who behaved in such a peculiar manner that they were considered to be abnormal. Some of the conditions were looked upon as proper subjects for treatment by the physician; whereas others, particularly those thought to be due to demoniacal possession, were held to fall within the domain of the clergy. Various terms were applied to the victims of mental illness. They were referred to as maniacs, as melancholics, as suffering from phrenitis, frenzy, lunacy or demoniacal possession. In viewing Shakespeare's
我们生活在一个心理时代。*我们每天都读到心理机制、情结、无意识、自卑感、弗洛伊德和荣格、身心医学和“镇定剂”。公众越来越认识到与精神障碍和正常精神功能有关的事实,而在医院和诊所对精神病患者的护理受到立法机构和公众的高度关注。今天,人们认为精神病患者是可以治疗的,是有病的,而不是他们自己的错,人们对他们的同情甚至比75年前要大得多。古往今来,人们一直对人类的行为和动机感兴趣,并试图以这样或那样的方式来解释心理上的特殊性。我们自以为比25年前更了解人类行为的变幻莫测,但我们的知识确实还有许多空白。如果以我们目前对心理学、生理学和解剖学、环境、早期教育和遗传的影响的理解,我们还有很多东西要学,那么我们应该对莎士比亚时代的态度和知识抱有什么期望呢?距今已近400年了。就像今天一样,当时人们普遍相信精神障碍的本质、原因和治疗方法。在这位伟大戏剧家的诞辰纪念日之际,回顾一下他那个时代流行的一些观念似乎是合适的,这些观念就像当时所有的常识一样,对他来说是熟悉的。当然,在伊丽莎白时代,还没有“精神病学”这样的词,而与之相关的“心理学”一词也是在莎士比亚的后半生(1959年)由一个德国人发明的。到目前为止,“精神病学”这个词可以追溯到1817年,但直到第一次世界大战结束,它才得到普遍使用。毫无疑问,在莎士比亚的时代,就像在人类历史的所有时期一样,有些人的行为方式非常奇怪,以至于被认为是不正常的。有些情况被医生视为适当的治疗对象;而其他人,尤其是那些被认为是恶魔附身的人,则被认为属于神职人员的管辖范围。各种各样的术语被用来形容精神疾病的受害者。他们被称为疯子,忧郁症患者,患有膈炎,狂乱,精神错乱或被恶魔附身。在观看莎士比亚的
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引用次数: 6
The present problem of malpractice. 目前的医疗事故问题。
M M BOOXBAUM
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary report: prednisolone in an aerosol spray. 初步报告:强的松龙是气雾剂。
E L BODIAN
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引用次数: 0
Trauma in urology. 泌尿外科创伤。
B M SHURE
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引用次数: 0
Medicolegal outlines of consent. 同意的医学法律大纲。
A KOERNER
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引用次数: 0
CL Galen. CL Galen。
R H MAJOR
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引用次数: 0
The search for tranquility. 寻找宁静。
W OVERHOLSER
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International record of medicine and general practice clinics
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