Pub Date : 2023-04-15eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.03
Dale Archer, Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz, Stephanie Tollenaar, Simona Veniamin, Christopher C Cheng, Caroline Richard, Daniel R Barreda, Catherine J Field, Jens Walter
Background: Development and maturation of the immune system begin in utero and continue throughout the neonatal period. Both the maternal and neonatal gut microbiome influence immune development, but the relative importance of the prenatal and postnatal periods is unclear. Methods: In the present study, we characterized immune cell populations in mice in which the timing of microbiome colonization was strictly controlled using gnotobiotic methodology. Results: Compared to conventional (CONV) mice, germ-free (GF) mice conventionalized at birth (EC mice) showed few differences in immune cell populations in adulthood, explaining only 2.36% of the variation in immune phenotypes. In contrast, delaying conventionalization to the fourth week of life (DC mice) affected seven splenic immune cell populations in adulthood, including dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), explaining 29.01% of the variation in immune phenotypes. Early life treatment of DC mice with Limosilactobacillus reuteri restored splenic dendritic cells and Tregs to levels observed in EC mice, and there were strain-specific effects on splenic CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11c+ F4/80+ mononuclear phagocytes. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the early postnatal period, compared to the prenatal period, is relatively more important for microbial signals to influence immune development in mice. Our findings further show that targeted microbial treatments in early life can redress adverse effects on immune development caused by the delayed acquisition of the neonatal gut microbiome.
{"title":"The importance of the timing of microbial signals for perinatal immune system development.","authors":"Dale Archer, Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz, Stephanie Tollenaar, Simona Veniamin, Christopher C Cheng, Caroline Richard, Daniel R Barreda, Catherine J Field, Jens Walter","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2023.03","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Development and maturation of the immune system begin <i>in utero</i> and continue throughout the neonatal period. Both the maternal and neonatal gut microbiome influence immune development, but the relative importance of the prenatal and postnatal periods is unclear. <b>Methods:</b> In the present study, we characterized immune cell populations in mice in which the timing of microbiome colonization was strictly controlled using gnotobiotic methodology. <b>Results:</b> Compared to conventional (CONV) mice, germ-free (GF) mice conventionalized at birth (EC mice) showed few differences in immune cell populations in adulthood, explaining only 2.36% of the variation in immune phenotypes. In contrast, delaying conventionalization to the fourth week of life (DC mice) affected seven splenic immune cell populations in adulthood, including dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), explaining 29.01% of the variation in immune phenotypes. Early life treatment of DC mice with <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> restored splenic dendritic cells and Tregs to levels observed in EC mice, and there were strain-specific effects on splenic CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11c+ F4/80+ mononuclear phagocytes. <b>Conclusion:</b> This work demonstrates that the early postnatal period, compared to the prenatal period, is relatively more important for microbial signals to influence immune development in mice. Our findings further show that targeted microbial treatments in early life can redress adverse effects on immune development caused by the delayed acquisition of the neonatal gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"96 5 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83865241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198789888.003.0011
J. O'BRIEN
Diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrine disease of the young in Western populations. It remains without a cure and one of the commonest long-term medical conditions of childhood. Acute complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia, are commonly seen in the paediatric emergency department, while the longer-term complications remain hugely costly to health care systems worldwide. Early and sustained control of the disease is of great importance.
{"title":"Diabetes mellitus.","authors":"J. O'BRIEN","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198789888.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789888.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrine disease of the young in Western populations. It remains without a cure and one of the commonest long-term medical conditions of childhood. Acute complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia, are commonly seen in the paediatric emergency department, while the longer-term complications remain hugely costly to health care systems worldwide. Early and sustained control of the disease is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"96 3 1","pages":"204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49276790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)33535-6
E. Strohl, W. G. Diffenbaugh, R. Anderson
{"title":"Acute cholecystitis.","authors":"E. Strohl, W. G. Diffenbaugh, R. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/s0039-6109(16)33535-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)33535-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"124 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)33535-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1017/9781108782067.003
J. Kowalski
But here, you can get it easily this touring to read. As known, when you read a book, one to remember is not only the PDF, but also the genre of the book. You will see from the PDF that your book chosen is absolutely right. The proper book option will influence how you read the book finished or not. However, we are sure that everybody right here to seek for this book is a very fan of this kind of book.
{"title":"Touring.","authors":"J. Kowalski","doi":"10.1017/9781108782067.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108782067.003","url":null,"abstract":"But here, you can get it easily this touring to read. As known, when you read a book, one to remember is not only the PDF, but also the genre of the book. You will see from the PDF that your book chosen is absolutely right. The proper book option will influence how you read the book finished or not. However, we are sure that everybody right here to seek for this book is a very fan of this kind of book.","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"119 1","pages":"395-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/9781108782067.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46895289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved techniques in intravenous therapy for premature and newborn infants in incubators.","authors":"H KRAVITZ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"34-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23620493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of meralluride with a new oral diuretic.","authors":"R M GOODMAN, D E COMINGS, F STEIGMANN","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"43-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23540602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute cholecystitis.","authors":"E L STROHL, W G DIFFENBAUGH, R E ANDERSON","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23566806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alcoholic myocardiopathy.","authors":"G C SUTTON","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"50-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23568787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rabies--the lurking killer.","authors":"J M KOWALSKI","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86254,"journal":{"name":"The Illinois medical journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"52-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23620054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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