{"title":"Gardnerella vaginalis","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/03dxyo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/03dxyo","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69585810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of neurodegenerative conditions that are transmissible, progressive and uniformly fatal. They occur in both humans and animals. Prion disease came to prominence after the development of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the 1980s and, consequently, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) in the 1990s. BSE and vCJD have had far reaching implications for the UK economy but especially for the farming and healthcare sectors. With the advent of BSE, prices for beef originating in the UK fell dramatically and this proved crippling to much of the UK farming community. Although the peak of the vCJD epidemic appears to have passed, prevalence studies suggest that around 1 in 3000 UK adults may be infected with vCJD prions (http://www.hpa. org.uk/hpr/archives/2011/news3611.htm#cjd). As there is currently no treatment for vCJD, considerable effort has been put into disease prevention. Difficulties in the diagnosis of vCJD, lack of treatment, and inability of conventional sterilization to completely remove prion protein from surgical instruments have also resulted in significant changes in healthcare delivery. Although the implications of vCJD for the delivery of anaesthesia are limited, it is important that anaesthetists understand how to identify patients at high risk of vCJD and are aware of the relevant precautionary measures that must be taken.
{"title":"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.","authors":"A. Adams","doi":"10.32388/mi24rx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/mi24rx","url":null,"abstract":"Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of neurodegenerative conditions that are transmissible, progressive and uniformly fatal. They occur in both humans and animals. Prion disease came to prominence after the development of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the 1980s and, consequently, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) in the 1990s. BSE and vCJD have had far reaching implications for the UK economy but especially for the farming and healthcare sectors. With the advent of BSE, prices for beef originating in the UK fell dramatically and this proved crippling to much of the UK farming community. Although the peak of the vCJD epidemic appears to have passed, prevalence studies suggest that around 1 in 3000 UK adults may be infected with vCJD prions (http://www.hpa. org.uk/hpr/archives/2011/news3611.htm#cjd). As there is currently no treatment for vCJD, considerable effort has been put into disease prevention. Difficulties in the diagnosis of vCJD, lack of treatment, and inability of conventional sterilization to completely remove prion protein from surgical instruments have also resulted in significant changes in healthcare delivery. Although the implications of vCJD for the delivery of anaesthesia are limited, it is important that anaesthetists understand how to identify patients at high risk of vCJD and are aware of the relevant precautionary measures that must be taken.","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uvulitis.","authors":"C. Aranjo","doi":"10.32388/v0h5nf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/v0h5nf","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45325121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hormone replacement therapy.","authors":"J. Rosenblatt, J. Murtagh","doi":"10.32388/b4zljf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/b4zljf","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41618076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4135/9781529714388.n578
{"title":"Teenage Mothers","authors":"","doi":"10.4135/9781529714388.n578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714388.n578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70648802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_301226
C. Harrison, H. Britt, G. Miller, Joan Henderson
{"title":"Multimorbidity.","authors":"C. Harrison, H. Britt, G. Miller, Joan Henderson","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_301226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_301226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50964021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.4135/9781506307633.n332
J. Russell, V. Flood, H. Yeatman
Definition: Proportion of households that were food insecure for income-related reasons: Moderately food insecure: Indication of compromise in quality and/or quantity of food consumed. Severely food insecure: Indication of reduced food intake and disrupted eating patterns. Adult food insecurity: Proportion of households where the adult household members (i.e., 18 years of age or older) are food insecure. Child food insecurity: Proportion of households where the child household members (i.e., less than 18 years of age) are food insecure. Place of residence Type of food insecurity 2009-201
{"title":"Food insecurity.","authors":"J. Russell, V. Flood, H. Yeatman","doi":"10.4135/9781506307633.n332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506307633.n332","url":null,"abstract":"Definition: Proportion of households that were food insecure for income-related reasons: Moderately food insecure: Indication of compromise in quality and/or quantity of food consumed. Severely food insecure: Indication of reduced food intake and disrupted eating patterns. Adult food insecurity: Proportion of households where the adult household members (i.e., 18 years of age or older) are food insecure. Child food insecurity: Proportion of households where the child household members (i.e., less than 18 years of age) are food insecure. Place of residence Type of food insecurity 2009-201","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After I unzipped my pants to go to the bathroom, I removed my penis from behind the zipper, and it broke off in my hand. I was not worried because I'd heard that young men's penises sometimes come off during adolescence as their organs grow larger. The only thing was that I didn't know what I should do with it. I certainly didn't want to throw it haphazardly in the garbage can. I considered flushing it down the toilet, but I was afraid that it would clog up the drain, and then what would I do? Not having any other ideas, I wrapped my penis in toilet paper and stuffed it in the pocket of my blue jeans. Later, as I hung around with my friends after school, I put my hand in my pocket and felt my penis. Forgetting what it was, I pulled it out. It was still wrapped in toilet paper, but now the end was poking out. "What's that?" my friend Steven asked. "Nothing," I said, embarrassed. I tried to hide my penis behind my back, but Steven kept poking his head around to see. I tried to hide it inside my jean-jacket, but Steven wouldn't give in until he knew what I was hiding. Once he found out, he thought it was hilarious. "It's a dick!" he shouted through his laughter. My other friends, who hadn't seemed so curious before, all snickered at me. "It's nothing," I said. "Don't worry about it." I rewrapped my penis in toilet paper and threw it in one of the lidded garbage cans outside of my school where I didn't think anyone would see it. I put my arms around my friends as we walked home. Friends might tease you, but they'd always be there for you when you were going through difficult times.
{"title":"Growing pains.","authors":"E. Rodgers","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs32qr5.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs32qr5.24","url":null,"abstract":"After I unzipped my pants to go to the bathroom, I removed my penis from behind the zipper, and it broke off in my hand. I was not worried because I'd heard that young men's penises sometimes come off during adolescence as their organs grow larger. The only thing was that I didn't know what I should do with it. I certainly didn't want to throw it haphazardly in the garbage can. I considered flushing it down the toilet, but I was afraid that it would clog up the drain, and then what would I do? Not having any other ideas, I wrapped my penis in toilet paper and stuffed it in the pocket of my blue jeans. Later, as I hung around with my friends after school, I put my hand in my pocket and felt my penis. Forgetting what it was, I pulled it out. It was still wrapped in toilet paper, but now the end was poking out. \"What's that?\" my friend Steven asked. \"Nothing,\" I said, embarrassed. I tried to hide my penis behind my back, but Steven kept poking his head around to see. I tried to hide it inside my jean-jacket, but Steven wouldn't give in until he knew what I was hiding. Once he found out, he thought it was hilarious. \"It's a dick!\" he shouted through his laughter. My other friends, who hadn't seemed so curious before, all snickered at me. \"It's nothing,\" I said. \"Don't worry about it.\" I rewrapped my penis in toilet paper and threw it in one of the lidded garbage cans outside of my school where I didn't think anyone would see it. I put my arms around my friends as we walked home. Friends might tease you, but they'd always be there for you when you were going through difficult times.","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-03DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.69907
C. McRae, N. Carson
Recent advances in the intensive care of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction have shown that the immediate mortality may be lowered by the prompt recognition and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (Hellerstein and Turell, 1958; Lancet, 1960; Brown et al., 1963; Day, 1963; Lindsay and Speikerman, 1964; Kurland and Pressman, 1965). While ventricular fibrillation is the usual cause of sudden death, a frequent precursor appears to be a slow rate due to slow nodal rhythm or complete atrio-ventricular block (Brown et al., 1963), with a tendency to episodes of asystole or ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Despite the effectiveness of some drugs such as atropine, steroids, and isoprenaline, the over-all mortality in patients with a slow rate following myocardial infarction is high (Solarz, Berkson, and Pick, 1958; Gale and Enfroy, 1959; Dali and Buchanan, 1962; Hall, 1962; Vogel, 1961; Brit. med. J., 1965; Smith and Anthonisen, 1965). This may be explained in part by the failure to keep a constant increase in heart rate and the increase in myocardial oxygen consumption caused by many of these drugs, particularly isoprenaline (Winterscheid et al., 1963). A better chance of survival seems likely if the slow rate is treated by artificial pacing, since the heart rate can then be accurately controlled without drugs which may irritate the myocardium. Unlike most patients with chronic atrio-ventricular block where the underlying cause is frequently unrelated to coronary disease, acute atrio-ventricular block following myocardial infarction is usually temporary, as is sinus bradycardia or slow nodal rhythm. It seems that the combination of a low cardiac output secondary to the slow rate together with a damaged irritable myocardium often results in ventricular fibrillation. If the cardiac output can be raised by increasing the heart rate, the risk of ventricular
{"title":"Myocardial infarction.","authors":"C. McRae, N. Carson","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.69907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69907","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in the intensive care of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction have shown that the immediate mortality may be lowered by the prompt recognition and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (Hellerstein and Turell, 1958; Lancet, 1960; Brown et al., 1963; Day, 1963; Lindsay and Speikerman, 1964; Kurland and Pressman, 1965). While ventricular fibrillation is the usual cause of sudden death, a frequent precursor appears to be a slow rate due to slow nodal rhythm or complete atrio-ventricular block (Brown et al., 1963), with a tendency to episodes of asystole or ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Despite the effectiveness of some drugs such as atropine, steroids, and isoprenaline, the over-all mortality in patients with a slow rate following myocardial infarction is high (Solarz, Berkson, and Pick, 1958; Gale and Enfroy, 1959; Dali and Buchanan, 1962; Hall, 1962; Vogel, 1961; Brit. med. J., 1965; Smith and Anthonisen, 1965). This may be explained in part by the failure to keep a constant increase in heart rate and the increase in myocardial oxygen consumption caused by many of these drugs, particularly isoprenaline (Winterscheid et al., 1963). A better chance of survival seems likely if the slow rate is treated by artificial pacing, since the heart rate can then be accurately controlled without drugs which may irritate the myocardium. Unlike most patients with chronic atrio-ventricular block where the underlying cause is frequently unrelated to coronary disease, acute atrio-ventricular block following myocardial infarction is usually temporary, as is sinus bradycardia or slow nodal rhythm. It seems that the combination of a low cardiac output secondary to the slow rate together with a damaged irritable myocardium often results in ventricular fibrillation. If the cardiac output can be raised by increasing the heart rate, the risk of ventricular","PeriodicalId":8653,"journal":{"name":"Australian family physician","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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